Note: Intro -- International Perspectives on Climate Change -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Impacts of Change Impacts in Regions and Geographical Areas -- 1 Regional Vulnerability of Agro-Environmental Processes Facing Climate Change. Latin American Adaptation Agendas -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Regional Vulnerability of Agro-Environmental Processes in Latin America -- Agriculture and Mitigation -- Ecosystem Services Approach for Adapting to Climate Change -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 Risk Analysis in Transboundary Water of the Rivers Pilcomayo and Paraguay -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Paraguay and Pilcomayo River -- Risk Analysis of Transboundary Rivers in the Context of Climate Variability and Change -- AREA 16 (ParaguayArgentina) -- ÁREA 19 (Paraguay) -- ÁREA 20 (Paraguay) -- ÁREA 21 (ArgentinaParaguay) -- ÁREA 22 (ArgentinaParaguay) -- Information System for Risk Management at Paraguay and Pilcomayo Transboundary Rivers -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 Analysis of Temporal Variability of Droughts in Southern Paraguay and Northern Argentina (1961-2011) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Region and Rainfall Data -- SPI and Drought Occurrences -- Temporal Variability of Droughts -- Changes in Drought Occurrence Rate -- Changes in Drought Severity -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 Sedimentation and Life Expectancy of Lake Amatitlán, Guatemala: Increased Vulnerability Under Future Climate Change -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Study Site -- Bathymetric Survey -- Sediment Collection -- Results and Discussions -- Bathymetry Comparison 2001-2012 -- Sediment Cores -- Sediment Loads in Rio Villalobos -- Sedimentation Rates -- Volumetric Comparison 1971-2001-2012 -- Life Expectancy of Lake Amatitlán -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Towards Valuing Climate Change Impacts on the Ecosystem Services of a Uruguayan Coastal Lagoon. , Abstract -- Introduction -- Trends in Climate Affecting Uruguay -- Case Study Site -- Selection of Ecosystem Services -- Valuation of Climate Change Impacts on Three Ecosystem Services -- Changes in Productivity: Precipitation as an 'Input' to the Shrimp Fishery -- Effects of Precipitation on the LRPA Shrimp Fishery -- Valuing Precipitation as an Input to Shrimp Harvest -- Valuing Carbon Sequestration Services of LRPA Emergent Wetland Plants -- Estimating Carbon Stored by LRPA Wetland Soils -- Estimating the Market Value for the LRPA Carbon Sequestration Service -- Valuing Climate Impacts on 'Habitat Maintenance' and 'Cultural' Ecosystem Services -- Conclusion -- References -- 6 Integrating Climate Science, Monitoring, and Management in the Rio de la Plata Estuarine Front (Uruguay) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Hydroclimatology -- Causal Relationships and Lags -- Institutional Arrangements to Identify and Implement Adaptation Measures -- Management Options -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II The Management of Climate Change Impacts -- 7 Managing the Impacts of Climate Change in Latin America: The Need for Technology Transfer -- Abstract -- Introduction: Some Facts About Latin America -- Climate Change and Its Impacts in Latin American Countries -- Managing Climate Change: The Role of Technology Transfer -- Conclusions -- References -- 8 Strategic Contributions to Extreme Climate Change: The Innovation Helixes as a Link Among the Short, Medium and Long-Terms -- Abstract -- Introduction -- A Diagnosis of the Effects of Extreme Climate Change in Guatemala -- Perception of the People Regarding Climate Change -- The Baseline of Climate Change Perception in Guatemala -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 What Contributes to Climate Change Adaptive Capacity? A Retrospective Case Study in a Caribbean Small Island Community -- Abstract -- Introduction. , Background -- Determinants of Adaptive Capacity -- Successful Climate Change Adaptation -- Case Study -- Methodology -- Preliminary Results -- Perceptions Regarding Level of Success -- Effectiveness -- Efficiency -- Legitimacy -- Equity -- Multi-Scalar Factors Contributing to Community-Level Adaptive Capacity -- Local -- National -- Regional -- International -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 10 Taking a Micro-Perspective on the Global Challenge of Climate Change: The "Microenergy Systems" Research Focus at the Technische Universität Berlin -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Decentralized Energy Systems and Their Relevance for Global Access to Energy, Development and Climate Change -- The Concept of Microenergy Systems -- A Research Agenda for MES -- The MES Research Group -- The Energy Inclusion Initiative in Peru: An Exemplary Case for Cooperation with the Private Sector -- Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 11 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of Coastal People in Bangladesh: A Sociological Study -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Coastal Zone in Bangladesh -- The Methodology -- Climate Change and its Impacts on the Livelihoods of Coastal People in the Context of Bangladesh -- Conclusions -- References -- 12 From Rainforests to Drylands: Comparing Family Farmers' Perceptions of Climate Change in Three Brazilian Biomes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- Climate Change Communication -- Methodology -- Results -- Smallholders: Sample Characterization -- Changes in Rainfall -- Changes in Temperature Levels -- Perception of Extreme Events -- Do Convergent Perceptions Lead to Similar Behaviours? -- How Did the Respondents Answer? -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III The Role of Policy-making and the Contribution of Information, Communication and Stakeholders' Involvement. , 13 Precipitation Variability and Adaptation Strategies in the Southern Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico: Integrating Local Knowledge with Quantitative Analysis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Droughts and Agriculture -- Methods -- Study Area -- Drought and Rainfall Analysis -- Farmers' Perceptions and Adaptations -- Results -- Drought and Rainfall -- Farmers' Perceptions and Adaptations -- Perceptions -- Adaptations -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 14 Making Science Count: Climate Change and the SciencePractice Interface -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Evaluation of the Two Projects -- A Discussion of the Barriers: Some Insights -- Conclusions -- References -- 15 Island Erosion and Afflicted Population: Crisis and Policies to Handle Climate Change -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Migrants from Vanishing Island -- Methodology -- Result and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 16 Does Awareness Through Learning About Climate Change Enhance Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Uncertainty? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials -- Methods -- Empirical Modelling of Farmers' Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Interrelating Awareness of Climate Change and Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climatic Uncertainty -- Selection of Exogenous Variables and Hypotheses to be Tested -- Results -- Descriptive Statistics -- Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Awareness Through Learning About Climate Change -- Determinants of Farmers' Perception of and Adaptation to Climate Change -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- 17 Local Knowledge and Participatory Climate Change Planning in the Northeastern U.S -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Deliberative Policy, Adaptive Governance, and Climate Change -- Valuing Local Knowledge and Experience. , Trust in Pre-existing and Emerging Leadership and Social and Professional Networks -- Conclusions and Implications -- References -- 18 Evaluating of Post-2012 Carbon Policies -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Methodology -- The Model Scenarios -- Discussion of the Results -- Conclusions -- References -- 19 Perceptions About Climate Change in Sidama, Ethiopia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods -- Results and Discussion of Findings -- Lay Perceptions of Climate Change -- Increased Temperature -- Erratic Rainfall Patterns -- Climate Data Analysis -- Temperature and Rainfall Data -- Perception of Causes of Climate Change -- Perceptions of Vulnerability and Impact of Climate Change -- Adaptive Actions -- Mainstreaming Climate Change to Development Policy -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 20 Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Climate Change in the Southeastern United States -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Site Descriptions -- Climate Change Belief and Skepticism -- Observed Changes in Weather and Climate -- Effects Experienced and Anticipated -- Perceived Causes -- Attitudes Toward Mitigation -- Conclusions -- References -- 21 The Role of Higher Education in Institutionalising Climate Change in Bangladesh -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Conceptual Development -- Human Factors -- Natural Factors -- Scenario of Climate Change in Bangladesh -- HE: A Paradigm Shift -- HE in Bangladesh -- Research Design -- Data Collection, Analysis, Confidentiality and Limitations -- Findings and Discussion -- Genesis of HE and Public Universities -- Private Universities -- Role of HE in the Education and Research of Climate Change -- Education Programmes -- Research on Climate Change -- Climate Change Education for Primary and Secondary Levels -- Social Awareness of Climate Change. , Strategic Planning and Policy.

Note: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Africa's Dilemmas in Climate Change Communication: Universalistic Science Versus Indigenous Technical Knowledge -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context of the Study -- 3 Theoretical Frameworks and Literature Review -- 3.1 Agency and Action -- 3.2 The 'War' Between Universal Science and ITK -- 4 Methodology -- 5 Results: Case Studies -- 6 Discussion -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 2 The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity: The Ecological Consequences of Invasive Species in Greece -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Climate and Biodiversity in Greece -- 2 Climate Change and Its Impacts in Greece -- 3 Invasive Species in Greece -- 4 Invasion of Alien Species in Greece and Climate Change Scenarios -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Evaluating the Suitability of Community-Based Adaptation: A Case Study of Bangladesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 An Overview of CBA Challenges -- 2.1 Conceptual Challenges of CBA -- 2.2 Procedural Challenges of CBA -- 3 Methodology -- 3.1 Case Study Area -- 3.2 Data Collection and Analysis -- 4 Results -- 5 Discussion -- 6 Conclusion and Policy Implications -- References -- 4 Getting Buy-In for Climate Change Adaptation Through Urban Planning: Climate Change Communication as a Multi-way Process -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Synthesis: Communication as a Multi-way Process -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Durban Case Study -- 4.1 Overview -- 4.2 Framing and Messaging -- 4.3 Internal Communication -- 4.4 External Communication -- 4.5 Civil Society Participation -- 5 Discussion -- 5.1 Framings -- 5.2 Balancing the Scientifically Appropriate with the Socially Desirable -- 5.3 Limitations and Constraints -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 How Aesthetic Style Can Influence Reception of Visual Communications of Climate Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Design -- 3 Selection of Viewers. , 4 How Viewers Make Meaning by Decoding Signs in Visual Artefacts -- 4.1 Emotional Response and Perceived Emotional Claims -- 4.2 Hidden Agenda 1: Rhetorical Representations -- 4.3 Hidden Agenda 2: Representation of Principal -- 5 Colour -- 6 How Perception of Hegemonic or Counter-Hegemonic Code Influences Viewer Perception -- 6.1 Contribution of Professional Code to Perception of Principal or Authority -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Montreal and Kyoto: Needs in Inter-protocol Communications -- 1 Introduction: Brief History of Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol -- 2 Ozone Depletion and Climate Change -- 3 Ozone Protection and Climate Change Communications -- 4 Inter-protocol Communications -- 5 Some Results on Study of "Total Ozone-Climate Change" Interaction -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Communicating Climate Change: Theories and Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Communication Approaches Related to Climate Change Communication -- 2.1 Risk Communication -- 2.2 Development Journalism -- 2.3 Advocacy Journalism -- 2.4 Environmental Journalism -- 2.5 Communication for Development and Social Change -- 3 Towards a Normative Structural and Integrated Approach -- 4 Social Media for Climate Change Communication -- 4.1 Interactions of the Global and the Local -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Reconsidering Fictional Films for Communicating Climate Change Issues: An Analysis of the Filmmaking Strategies Behind Sustainable Energy Narratives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Review of the Literature on Visual Representation of Climate Change in the Media -- 3 Why Should We Examine the Use of Fictional Films for Communicating Climate Change? -- 4 The Role of Narrative in Environmental Films -- 5 Making the Environmental Film: A Collaboration Between Arts and Science -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Role of Emotions in Climate Change Communication. , 1 Introduction: Why Emotions Matter -- 2 Emotions and Cimate Change -- 3 Climate Change Communication: Role of Emotions -- 4 Should Scientists Show Emotions While Discussing and Communicating About Climate Change? -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Climate Change Communication in Australia: The Politics, Mainstream Media and Fossil Fuel Industry Nexus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The 'Value Gap' in Communicating Climate Change -- 3 Political Economy of Climate Change in Australia -- 4 Climate Change Politics in Australia -- 5 Australian Public Attitudes to Climate Change -- 5.1 Five Australias? -- 6 Climate Change and the Media in Australia -- 7 Climate Change Reporting in Australia -- 8 Case Study of Climate Change Reporting of the Brisbane Floods 2011 -- 8.1 Social Media and the Brisbane Floods -- 9 Climate and 'Issue Attention' Drivers in Australia -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- 11 Inclusion of Gender in Africa's Climate Change Policies and Strategies -- 1 Introduction: Overview of Climate Change in Africa and Gender-Related Adaptation -- 2 Gender and Climate Change Issues in Africa -- 3 Climate Change Policies, Strategies, and Plans -- 3.1 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions -- 3.2 National Climate Change Policy and Strategies -- 4 The Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Communication for Policy Development and Implementation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Other Materials -- 12 Balancing Paradigms in Climate Change Communication Research to Support Climate Services -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Articulating Paradigms Used by Communication Research -- 3 Paradigms in Recent Climate Change Communication Literature -- 4 Concluding Remarks: Reflections on Balancing Communication Research for Climate Services -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Communicating Climate Change Through Narratives: A Cross Pollination of Science and Theology. , 1 Introduction -- 2 FBOs and Climate Change -- 3 Limitations -- 4 FBOs' View of Science -- 5 The Language of Science and Theology -- 6 Moving Beyond Science -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Framing Climate Change: A Multi-level Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Framing -- 2.1 Ideology -- 3 Environmental Frames in the Literature -- 4 Research Design -- 4.1 Analytic Method -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Five Frames -- 5.2 'The Anthropocentric Masterframe' -- 5.2.1 Six Anthropocentric Subframes -- 5.3 'The Transformation Masterframe' -- 5.3.1 Four Counter-Hegemonic Subframes -- 6 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 15 Mass Media and Climate Change Induced Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation in Coastal Area of Bangladesh: A Sociological Study -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Mass Media and Disaster Management -- 3 The Methodology -- 4 Mass Media and Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation in Coastal Area in the Context of Bangladesh -- 5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 Engaging People with Carbon and Climate Change Using Landscape Scale Conservation and Biodiversity Monitoring -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 This Study -- 2 Analysis -- 2.1 Engaging Policy-Makers, Planners and Publics at the Lancashire Wildlife Trust -- 2.2 The Carbon Landscape Project -- 2.3 The Biodiverse Society Project -- 3 Discussion -- 3.1 Lessons and Future Prospects -- 3.2 Limitations and Constraints -- 3.3 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 17 Knowledge Management as an Enabler of the Paris Agreement Implementation in Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Problem -- 3 Methods -- 4 Case Studies -- 4.1 WISER -- 4.2 RCOFs in Africa -- 4.3 TAHMO -- 4.4 ClimDev-Africa -- 4.5 UN CC: Learn -- 4.6 FCFA -- 4.7 ENACTS -- 4.8 AREI -- 4.9 CIRDA -- 4.10 ALP -- 4.11 Data Rescue Efforts -- 5 Contemporary Knowledge Sources -- 6 Discussion -- 6.1 Global Climate Framework. , 6.2 Knowledge Sharing State of Play in Africa -- 6.3 Climate Knowledge Partnerships -- 6.4 Open Government -- 6.5 Innovative Information and Knowledge Sharing Approaches -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- 18 Formulation of an Ethics of Response to Climate Change: The Need for Effective Communication in Higher Education -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Methodology -- 2.1 Surveyed Institution and Courses -- 2.2 Sample -- 2.3 Questionnaire -- 3 Findings -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 19 Climate Change: Doing Little Can Change a Lot! Children's Knowledge-Action About Cimate Principles and Effects -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Fact: Climate Change -- 1.2 The Challenge: Climate Change Communication and Education to Young Children -- 2 Theoretical Framework and Participatory Research Approach -- 2.1 Data Sources -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Climate Change and Greenhouse Effect -- 3.2 Adaptation to Climate -- 3.3 Global Warming and Ozone Hole -- 3.4 Glaciers Melting -- 3.5 Water and Air Pollution -- 3.6 Erosion -- 3.7 Recycling -- 4 Final Remarks and Recommendations for Climate Change Communication and Education -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 20 Feeling the Heat: The Challenge of Communicating 'High-End' Climate Change -- 1 Introduction: Unwelcome Messages to Be Communicated -- 2 The Risks and Opportunities of Communicating Unwelcome Climate Messages -- 3 'Emotional Carrots' and Audience Segmentation: Lessons from Past Practice -- 4 Towards Better Communication of Unwelcome Climate Messages -- 4.1 The Full Extent of Climate Risk Needs to Be Framed and Communicated Better -- 4.2 New Narratives and Analytical Frameworks Are Needed to Inform Robust Scenario Planning and Decision Making -- 4.3 Potential High-End Climate Impacts Important to Specific Decision Makers Need to Be Communicated, in Recognisable Language. , 4.4 More Dialogue, Less Debate and Lecturing.