Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Authors -- 1 Karst of Turkey -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Tectonic of Turkey -- 1.3 Tertiary Units -- 1.3.1 Karst in the Taurus Area -- References -- 2 Turkey's Karst and Water Resources -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Gypsum Karst -- 2.2.1 General Overview in Gypsum Karst -- 2.2.2 Gypsum Karst in Turkey -- 2.3 Karst Water Resources -- 2.3.1 Taurus Karst Region -- 2.3.2 Central Anatolia Karst Region -- 2.3.3 South Anatolia Karst Region -- 2.3.4 North Anatolia and Thrace Karst Region -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Karst of Antalya Travertine, Southwest of Turkey -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Geographical Setting -- 3.3 Geological Setting -- 3.3.1 Stratigraphy -- 3.3.1.1 Autochthonous Units -- Mesozoic -- Cenozoic -- 3.3.1.2 Allochthonous Units -- Çataltepe Unit -- Alakirçay (Ispartaçay) Unit -- Tahtalidag Unit -- 3.3.2 Structural Geology -- 3.3.3 Paleogeography -- 3.4 Karst Geomorphology -- 3.4.1 Travertine -- 3.4.2 Karst Features -- 3.4.3 Poljes and Dolines -- 3.4.4 Submarine Discharge -- 3.5 Hydrogeological Characterization -- 3.5.1 General Hydrogeology -- 3.5.2 Kirkgözler Springs -- 3.5.3 Düdenbaşi Spring -- References -- 4 Konya-Karapinar Sinkholes (Obruks) of Turkey -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Geology -- 4.2.1 Konya-Karapinar Plain -- 4.2.2 Geology of Obruk Plain -- 4.2.3 Structural Geology -- 4.3 Hydrogeological Units -- 4.4 Obruk's Development -- 4.4.1 Origin of Obruks -- 4.4.2 Morphometry of Obruks -- 4.4.3 Recen Obruks -- 4.4.4 Old Obruks -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Origin and Catchment Area of the Köprüçay Karst Springs -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Geological Units and Hydrogeological Functions -- 5.2.1 Autochthonous Units -- 5.2.1.1 Paleozoic -- 5.2.1.2 Mesozoic -- 5.2.1.3 Cenozoic. , 5.2.1.4 Geological Units and Hydrological Functions -- 5.2.2 Allochthonous Units -- 5.3 Bulasan and Beşkonak Flow Records -- 5.4 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Tectonic Influences on Groundwater Flow Systems in Karst of the Southwest Taurus Mountains, Turkey -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Tectogenetic Control of Karstification -- 6.3 The Effect of the Quaternary Ice Age Term on Taurus Karst Processes -- 6.4 The Major Controls on the Karst Hydrogeology -- 6.5 Antalya Travertine Plateau -- 6.6 Hydrothermal Pamukkale Travertine -- References -- 7 Karst Areas of Turkey -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Karst Limestone -- 7.2.1 The Taurus Mountains -- 7.2.2 Thrace and the Black Sea Mountains -- 7.2.3 The Western Anatolia -- 7.2.4 The Central Anatolia -- 7.2.5 The Eastern Anatolia -- 7.2.6 The South Eastern Anatolia -- 7.3 Gypsum Karst -- 7.4 Spectacular Karst Features of Turkey -- 7.4.1 Large Poljes -- 7.4.2 Obruks -- 7.4.3 Tufa and Travertine Deposits -- 7.5 Karst Hydrogeology -- 7.6 Eustatism and Active Tectonic -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Karst Springs of Turkey: Hydrogeology of the Kirkgözler Karst Springs, Antalya -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Geologic Setting -- 8.3 Hydrogeology -- 8.3.1 Aquifers -- 8.3.2 Karst Springs -- 8.3.2.1 Kirkgözler Springs -- 8.3.2.2 Düdenbaşi Spring -- 8.4 Hydrochemistry -- 8.5 Natural and Artificial Tracing -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 The Karst Springs of Antalya, Turkey -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Oluköprü Springs -- 9.3 Spring Discharge Rates -- 9.4 Recharge Areas of the Springs -- 9.5 Allochthonous Units -- 9.6 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Karst Hydrogeology of Pamukkale Thermal Springs, Denizli, Turkey -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Hydrogeological Properties -- 10.3 Hydrogeochemical Aspects -- 10.4 Pollution and Protection Studies -- 10.5 Conclusion. , References -- 11 Beyazsu and Karasu Karst Springs Mardin-Nusaybin Area (SE Turkey) -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Geology of the Deep Aquifer Systems -- 11.3 Hydrogeological Setting -- 11.4 Water Quality -- 11.5 Deep Aquifer System -- 11.6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 Karst Hydrogeology of Muğla-Gökova Karst Springs -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Springs of Gökova -- 12.2.1 Azmak Spring Group -- 12.2.2 The Akbük Bay Springs -- 12.3 Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Rocks -- 12.3.1 The Hydrogeological Characteristics of Autochthonous Units -- 12.3.2 The Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Allochthonous Units -- References -- 13 Karst Springs and Waterfalls-Zamanti River, Eastern Turkey -- Abstract -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Geology -- 13.3 Hydrology -- 13.4 Hydrogeology -- 13.5 Recession Curve Analysis of the Large Karstic Springs -- 13.6 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Niğde-Pozanti Şekerpinari Springs, South of Turkey -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Geological Structure -- 14.3 Hydrology -- 14.4 Water Chemistry -- References -- 15 Karstic Hot Water Aquifers in Turkey -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 General Properties of the Karstic Hot Water Aquifers -- 15.3 Important Karstic Hot Water Aquifers and Their Classification According to Age -- 15.3.1 Cenozoic Limestone Formations -- 15.3.2 Mesozoic Crystalline Limestone Formations -- 15.3.3 Paleozoic Marble Formations -- 15.4 Exploitation Problems in Karstic Hot Water Aquifers -- 15.5 Results and Suggestions -- References.