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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (34)
  • Chemical Engineering  (22)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Predicting solvent accessibility: Higher accuracy using Bayesian statistics and optimized residue substitution classes (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 25 (1996), S. 38-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): protein structure prediction ; Bayesian statistics ; amino acid substitution ; information theory ; solvent accessibility ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We introduce a novel Bayesian probabilistic method for predicting the solvent accessibilities of amino acid residues in globular proteins. Using single sequence data, this method achieves prediction accuracies higher than previously published methods. Substantially improved predictions - comparable to the highest accuracies reported in the literature to date - are obtained by representing alignments of the example proteins and their homologs as strings of residue substitution classes, depending on the side chain types observed at each alignment position. These results demonstrate the applicability of this relatively simple Bayesian approach to structure prediction and illustrate the utility of the classification methodology previously developed to extract information from aligned sets of structurally related proteins. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.4
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Entropy in biological binding processes: Estimation of translational entropy loss (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 18 (1994), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): entropy ; thermodynamics ; binding energetics ; translational entropy ; macromolecular interactions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The loss of translational degrees of freedom makes an important, unfavorable contribution to the free energy of binding. Examination of experimental values suggest that calculation of this entropy using the Sackur-Tetrode equation produces largely overestimated values. Better agreement is obtained using the cratic entropy. Theoretical considerations suggest that the volumes available for the movement of a ligand in solution and in a complex are rather similar, suggesting also that the cratic entropy provides the best estimate of the loss of translational entropy. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340180108
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Constructing amino acid residue substitution classes maximally indicative of local protein structure (1996)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 25 (1996), S. 28-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): protein evolution ; structure prediction ; information theory ; amino acid substitution ; multiple sequence alignment ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Using an information theoretic formalism, we optimize classes of amino acid substitution to be maximally indicative of local protein structure. Our statistically-derived classes are loosely identifiable with the heuristic constructions found in previously published work. However, while these other methods provide a more rigid idealization of physicochemically constrained residue substitution, our classes provide substantially more structural information with many fewer parameters. Moreover, these substitution classes are consistent with the paradigmatic view of the sequence-to-structure relationship in globular proteins which holds that the three-dimensional architecture is predominantly determined by the arrangement of hydrophobic and polar side chains with weak constraints on the actual amino acid identities. More specific constraints are imposed on the placement of prolines, glycines, and the charged residues. These substitution classes have been used in highly accurate predictions of residue solvent accessibility. They could also be used in the identification of homologous proteins, the construction and refinement of multiple sequence alignments, and as a means of condensing and codifying the information in multiple sequence alignments for secondary structure prediction and tertiary fold recognition. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.3
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural studies of spider silk proteins in the fiber (1997)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 10 (1997), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Schlagwort(e): dragline silk ; major ampullate ; protein structure ; NMR X-ray diffraction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Although spider silk has been studied for a number of years the structures of the proteins involved have yet to be definitely determined. X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to study major ampullate (dragline) silk from Nephila clavipes. The silk was studied in its natural state, in the supercontacted state and in the restretched state following supercontraction. The natural silk structure is dominated by β-sheets aligned parallel to the fiber axis. Supercontraction is characterized by randomizing of the orientation of the β-sheet. When the fiber is restretched alignment is regained. However, the same reorientation was observed for wetting of minor ampullate silk which does not supercontract. Thus, the reorientation of β-sheets alone cannot explain the supercontraction in dragline silk. Cocoon silk showed very little β-sheet orientation in the natural state and there were no changes upon wetting. NMR and X-ray diffraction data are consistent with the β-sheets arising from the poly-alanine sequences known to be present in the proteins of major ampullate silk as has been proposed previously. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of the soluble, truncated form of an Fc receptor (mouse FcγRII) to membrane-bound IgG as measured by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (1997)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 10 (1997), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Schlagwort(e): receptor-ligand kinetics ; receptor-mediated phagocytosis ; fluorescence photobleaching recovery ; evanescent fields ; supported planar membranes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy has been used to investigate the binding of the soluble extracellular domain of mouse FcγRII (sFcγRII) to an anti-trinitrophenyl monoclonal mouse IgG2b (GK14.1) specifically bound to substrate-supported planar membranes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and trinitrophenylaminocaproyldipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (TNP-cap-DPPE). The equilibrium dissociation constants for sFcγRII at GK14.1-coated TNP-cap-DPPE/DPPC planar membranes containing 0.5-25 mol% TNP-cap-DPPE were ≊1 μM. Total internal reflection with fluorescence photobleaching recovery was used to examine the dissociation kinetics. The fluorescence recovery curves were better described as a sum of two exponentials rather than by one exponential; the rates and fractional recoveries were ∼1s -1 (65%) and ≊0.1s-1 (35%). The similarity between the values of these equilibrium and kinetic parameters to those previously measured for the binding of IgG in solution to intact mouse FcγRII reconstituted into planar membranes suggests that conformational changes which may occur when IgG is constrained to a membrane surface do not significantly affect the equilibrium or kinetics of IgG-mouse FcγRII binding. The stoichiometry of sFcγRII-GK14.1 binding was 1:4, indicating that a significant fraction of the membrane-bound antibodies were not accessible for receptor binding. Possible mechanisms that might underlay the observed heterogeneity in sFcγRII-IgG binding kinetics are discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of olefin structure on the vapor-development of poly (olefin sulfones) under electron irradiation (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The rate of vapor-development of poly(olefin sulfones) subjected to electron beam irradiation is markedly, dependent upon the olefin structure. At room temperature, poly(butene-1sulfone) and poly(cyclopentene sulfone) vapor-develop at rates several orders of magnitude lower than, for example, poly(2-methyl pentene-1 sulfone). Differences in vapor development rate for the various sulfones are shown to be related to differing rates of depolymerization which, in turn, are related to differences in ceiling temperatures for polymer formation. Kinetic analysis indicates that the mechanism involves random scission followed by depropagation and bimolecular termination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170411
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of a temperature gradient on residual stresses and distortion in injection moldings (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 227-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Distortion of bars injection-molded from polystyrene, polypropylene, and glass-fiber-filled polypropylene and subsequently placed in a temperature gradient has been examined. Residual stress distributions have been measured both for the as-molded state and after annealing in a temperature gradient. In the as-molded state all moldings showed the usual residual stress distribution with compressive stresses near the surface and tensile stresses in the interior. In all three materials it was found that tensile stresses could be developed near to the warmer surface on gradient annealing and that tensile stresses still remained at this surface when the bar was cooled and permitted to bend to restore internal equilibrium. It is shown therefore that in addition to the dimensional changes which occur and which may render the molding unserviceable after temperature gradient annealing, another undesirable change takes place, leaving the molding much more susceptible to fracture from a surface flaw. Uniform annealing is found to be much less likely to cause stress reversal and the stresses remain balanced so that distortion is minimal.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240402
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lithography and radiation chemistry of epoxy containing negative electron resists (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A class of negative electron-beam resists is described which have excellent lithographic characteristics. The resists are copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. Their molecular weights, epoxy contents, and polydispersivities can be controlled to give an adjustable range of electron sensitivity and contrast. The copolymers are compared to other epoxy containing, negative electron-beam resists.Micrography of resist profiles generated from a single line scan of the electron beam have been used to illustrate the complex interaction of accelerating voltage of the electron beam and resist contrast on resolution. Optical gratings made from single line scans of the beam have feature sizes less than 300 nm in the resist, etched metals, and dielectrics.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140713
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Arylmethyl sulfones: A new class of photoacid generators (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 1476-1480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The X-ray and deep UV radiation response is described for resist systems consisting of poly(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene-co-sulfur dioxide) PTBSS combined with an arylmethyl sulfone. A 2:1 4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene (TBS): sulfur dioxide (SO2) resist has been found to function as a highly sensitive, 1.4 nm X-ray, single-component, chemically amplified resist. The same resist, however, exhibits reduced sensitivity to 0.8 nm X-rays and deep UV (248 nm) radiation. Improvement in 0.8 nm X-ray sensitivity is achieved by the addition of 12 mol% bis(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) sulfone (DCBS) to the 2:1 TBS:SO2 resist. For this two-component resist formulation, the 0.8 nm X-ray sensitive improved from 〉375 to 125 mJ/cm2. Similarly, the sensitivity of the 3:1 TBS:SO2 copolymer to deep UV radiation improves to 40 mJ/cm2 with addition of 10 mol% DCBS. Sulfones, such as DCBS, provide two-component resist formulations capable of 〈0.5 μm resolution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760322006
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vapor development of poly(olefin sulfone) resists (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Poly(2-methyl pentene-1) sulfone undergoes scission followed by rapid chain depolymerization when irradiated with 5-20 kV electrons. Several parameters which affect the rate of this process, termed vapor development, were evaluated, viz., molecular weight, dose rate, temperature, accelerating voltage and film thickness. While it was never really possible to remove 100 percent of the film, it was possible to remove 〉 99 percent at reasonably low doses (∼ 10-6 coul/cm-2) using high temperatures (∼ 100°C) and low accelerating voltage (5 kV). Some lithographic details of this process are also described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140712
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