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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(4), (2021): e2020JC016789, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016789.
    Beschreibung: Argo profiling floats and L-band passive microwave remote sensing have significantly improved the global sampling of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the past 15 years, allowing the study of the range of SSS seasonal variability using concurrent satellite and in situ platforms. Here, harmonic analysis was applied to four 0.25° satellite products and two 1° in situ products between 2016 and 2018 to determine seasonal harmonic patterns. The 0.25° World Ocean Atlas (WOA) version 2018 was referenced to help assess the harmonic patterns from a long-term perspective based on the 3-year period. The results show that annual harmonic is the most characteristic signal of the seasonal cycle, and semiannual harmonic is important in regions influenced by monsoon and major rivers. The percentage of the observed variance that can be explained by harmonic modes varies with products, with values ranging between 50% and 72% for annual harmonic and between 15% and 19% for semiannual harmonic. The large spread in the explained variance by the annual harmonic reflects the large disparity in nonseasonal variance (or noise) in the different products. Satellite products are capable of capturing sharp SSS features on meso- and frontal scales and the patterns agree well with the WOA 2018. These products are, however, subject to the impacts of radiometric noises and are algorithm dependent. The coarser-resolution in situ products may underrepresent the full range of high-frequency small scale SSS variability when data record is short, which may have enlarged the explained SSS variance by the annual harmonic.
    Beschreibung: L. Yu was funded by NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team (OSST) activities through Grant 80NSSC18K1335. FMB was funded by the NASA OSST through Grant 80NSSC18K1322. E. P. Dinnat was funded by NASA through Grant 80NSSC18K1443. This research is carried out in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA.
    Beschreibung: 2021-09-17
    Schlagwort(e): Argo ; L-band passive microwave radiometer ; Remote sensing ; Sea surface salinity ; Seasonal cycle ; Water cycle
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Yu, L. Variability and uncertainty of satellite sea surface salinity in the subpolar North Atlantic (2010-2019). Remote Sensing, 12(13), (2020): 2092, doi:10.3390/rs12132092.
    Beschreibung: Satellite remote sensing of sea surface salinity (SSS) in the recent decade (2010–2019) has proven the capability of L-band (1.4 GHz) measurements to resolve SSS spatiotemporal variability in the tropical and subtropical oceans. However, the fidelity of SSS retrievals in cold waters at mid-high latitudes has yet to be established. Here, four SSS products derived from two satellite missions were evaluated in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean in reference to two in situ gridded products. Harmonic analysis of annual and semiannual cycles in in situ products revealed that seasonal variations of SSS are dominated by an annual cycle, with a maximum in March and a minimum in September. The annual amplitudes are larger (〉0.3 practical salinity scale (pss)) in the western basin where surface waters are colder and fresher, and weaker (~0.06 pss) in the eastern basin where surface waters are warmer and saltier. Satellite SSS products have difficulty producing the right annual cycle, particularly in the Labrador/Irminger seas where the SSS seasonality is dictated by the influx of Arctic low-salinity waters along the boundary currents. The study also found that there are basin-scale, time-varying drifts in the decade-long SMOS data records, which need to be corrected before the datasets can be used for studying climate variability of SSS
    Beschreibung: This research was funded by NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team (OSST) activities through Grant 80NSSC18K1335.
    Schlagwort(e): Sea surface salinity ; Subpolar North Atlantic ; SMAP ; SMOS ; Argo ; Harmonic analysis ; Seasonal and interannual variations
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bingham, F. M., Brodnitz, S., & Yu, L. Sea surface salinity seasonal variability in the tropics from satellites, gridded in situ products and mooring observations. Remote Sensing, 13(1), (2021): 110, doi:10.3390/rs13010110.
    Beschreibung: Satellite observations of sea surface salinity (SSS) have been validated in a number of instances using different forms of in situ data, including Argo floats, moorings and gridded in situ products. Since one of the most energetic time scales of variability of SSS is seasonal, it is important to know if satellites and gridded in situ products are observing the seasonal variability correctly. In this study we validate the seasonal SSS from satellite and gridded in situ products using observations from moorings in the global tropical moored buoy array. We utilize six different satellite products, and two different gridded in situ products. For each product we have computed seasonal harmonics, including amplitude, phase and fraction of variance (R2). These quantities are mapped for each product and for the moorings. We also do comparisons of amplitude, phase and R2 between moorings and all the satellite and gridded in situ products. Taking the mooring observations as ground truth, we find general good agreement between them and the satellite and gridded in situ products, with near zero bias in phase and amplitude and small root mean square differences. Tables are presented with these quantities for each product quantifying the degree of agreement.
    Beschreibung: This research was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant number 80NSSC18K1322.
    Schlagwort(e): Sea surface salinity ; Seasonal variability ; Satellite validation ; Harmonic analysis ; Mooring observations
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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