Publikationsdatum:
2022-08-31
Beschreibung:
© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pease, S. K. D., Brosnahan, M. L., Sanderson, M. P., & Smith, J. L. Effects of two toxin-producing harmful algae, Alexandrium catenella and Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae), on activity and mortality of larval shellfish. Toxins, 14(5), (2022): 335, https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14050335.
Beschreibung:
Harmful algal bloom (HAB) species Alexandrium catenella and Dinophysis acuminata are associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans, respectively. While PSP and DSP have been studied extensively, less is known about the effects of these HAB species or their associated toxins on shellfish. This study investigated A. catenella and D. acuminata toxicity in a larval oyster (Crassostrea virginica) bioassay. Larval activity and mortality were examined through 96-h laboratory exposures to live HAB cells (10–1000 cells/mL), cell lysates (1000 cells/mL equivalents), and purified toxins (10,000 cells/mL equivalents). Exposure to 1000 cells/mL live or lysed D. acuminata caused larval mortality (21.9 ± 7.0%, 10.2 ± 4.0%, respectively) while exposure to any tested cell concentration of live A. catenella, but not lysate, caused swimming arrest and/or mortality in 〉50% of larvae. Exposure to high concentrations of saxitoxin (STX) or okadaic acid (OA), toxins traditionally associated with PSP and DSP, respectively, had no effect on larval activity or mortality. In contrast, pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) caused rapid larval mortality (49.6 ± 5.8% by 48 h) and completely immobilized larval oysters. The results indicate that the toxic effects of A. catenella and D. acuminata on shellfish are not linked to the primary toxins associated with PSP and DSP in humans, and that PTX2 is acutely toxic to larval oysters.
Beschreibung:
This research was partially funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Competitive Research, Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Program under award #NA19NOS4780182 to J.L.S. (VIMS) and M.L.B (WHOI), and by a William & Mary, School of Marine Science, Student Research Grant to S.K.D.P. (VIMS). This paper is ECOHAB publication number 1022.
Schlagwort(e):
saxitoxin
;
okadaic acid
;
pectenotoxin
;
Alexandrium catenella
;
Dinophysis acuminata
;
Crassostrea virginica
;
harmful algae
;
harmful algal bloom
;
oyster larvae
;
shellfish
Repository-Name:
Woods Hole Open Access Server
Materialart:
Article
Permalink
