Publication Date:
2024-04-25
Description:
The critical role played by copepods in ocean ecology and biogeochemistry warrants an understanding of how these animals may respond to ocean acidification (OA). Whilst an appreciation of the potential direct effects of OA, due to elevated pCO2, on copepods is improving, little is known about the indirect impacts acting via bottom-up(food quality) effects. We assessed, for the first time, the chronic effects of direct and/or indirect exposures to elevated pCO2 on the behaviour, vital rates, chemical and biochemical stoichiometry of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. Bottom-up effects of elevated pCO2 caused species-specific biochemical changes to the phytoplanktonic feed, which adversely affected copepod population structure and decreased recruitment by 30 %. The direct impact of elevated pCO2 caused gender-specific respiratory responses in A.tonsa adults, stimulating an enhanced respiration rate in males (〉 2-fold), and a suppressed respiratory response in females when coupled with indirect elevated pCO2 exposures. Under the combined indirect+direct exposure, carbon trophic transfer efficiency from phytoplankton-to-zooplankton declined to 〈 50 % of control populations, with a commensurate decrease in recruitment. For the first time an explicit role was demonstrated for biochemical stoichiometry in shaping copepod trophic dynamics. The altered biochemical composition of the CO2-exposed prey affected the biochemical stoichiometry of the copepods, which could have ramifications for production of higher tropic levels, notably fisheries. Our work indicates that the control of phytoplankton and the support of higher trophic levels involving copepods have clear potential to be adversely affected under future OA scenarios.
Keywords:
Acartia tonsa; Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard error; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Arthropoda; Behaviour; Bicarbonate ion; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calculated; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbohydrates; Carbohydrates, standard error; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, standard error; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, standard error; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon content per individual; Carbon dioxide; Carbon per cell; Chaetoceros muelleri; Chlorophyta; Chromista; Diameter, standard error; Egg hatching success; Egg hatching success, standard error; Egg production rate, standard error; Egg production rate per female; Eggs, diameter; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Gender; Gross growth efficiency; Gross growth efficiency, standard deviation; Group; Growth/Morphology; Haptophyta; Ingestion rate, standard deviation; Ingestion rate, standard error; Ingestion rate of carbon per day per individual; Ingestion rate of carbon per unit body carbon mass; Isochrysis galbana; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Lipid/carbohydrate ratio; Lipid/carbohydrate ratio, standard error; Lipid/protein ratio; Lipid/protein ratio, standard error; Lipids; Lipids, standard error; Nauplii recruitment per female; Net growth efficiency; Net growth efficiency, standard deviation; Nitrogen, standard error; Nitrogen content per individual; Nitrogen per cell; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Ochrophyta; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard error; Phytoplankton; Plantae; Prey selectivity index; Prey selectivity index, standard error; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Primary production of carbon, standard deviation; Production of carbon per unit body carbon mass; Proteins; Proteins, standard error; Proteins/Carbohydrate ratio; Proteins/Carbohydrate ratio, standard error; Recruitment, standard error; Registration number of species; Reproduction; Respiration; Respiration rate, carbon, standard deviation; Respiration rate, oxygen, per individual; Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error; Respiration rate of carbon per unit body carbon mass; Salinity; Salinity, standard error; Species; Species interaction; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard error; Tetraselmis suecica; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Zooplankton
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 1668 data points
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