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  • 1
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    The 1995 Georges Bank Stratification Study and moored array measurements (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The 1995 Geoges Bank Stratification Study (GBSS) was the first intensive process study conducted as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank field program. The GBSS was designed to investigate the physical processes which control the seasonal development of stratification along the southern flank of Georges Bank during spring and summer. Past work suggested that during this period, larval cod and haddock tended to aggregate to the thermocline on the southern flank where higher concentrations of their copepod prey were found. A moored array was deployed as part of GBSS to observe the onset and evolution of sesonal stratification over the southern flank with sufficient vertical and horizontal resolution that key physical processes could be identified and quantified. Moored current, temperature, and conductivity (salinity) measurements were made at three sites along the southern flank, one on the crest, and one on the northeast peak of the bank. Moored surface meteorological measurements were also made at one southern flank site to determine the surface wind stress and heat and moisture fluxes. The oceanographic and meteorological data collected with the GBSS array during January-August 1995 are presented in this report. Meteorological data collected on National Data Buoy Center environmental buoys 44011 (Georges Bank), 44008 (Nantucket Shoals), and 44005 (Gulf of Maine) are included in this report for completeness and comparison with the GBSS southern flank meteorological measurements.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers OCE-98-06379 and OCE-98-06445.
    Keywords: U.S. GLOBEC ; Moored array ; Parizeau (Ship) Cruise PAR94-018 ; Parizeau (Ship) Cruise PAR95-010 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN256 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN259 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN260 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN262 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN269 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN271 ; Endeavor (Ship: 1976-) Cruise EN274 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-04 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-06 ; Seward Johnson (Ship) Cruise SJ95-08
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 4846761 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Evaluation of NSCAT scatterometer winds using equatorial Pacific buoy observations (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: As part of the calibration/validation effort for NASA's Scatterometer (NSCAT) we compare the satellite data to winds measured at the sea surface with an array of buoys moored in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The NSCAT data record runs from September, 1996 through the end of June, 1997. The raw NSCAT data, radar backscatter, is converted to wind vectors at 10 meters above the surface assuming a neutrally stratified atmosphere, using the NSCAT-1 and NSCAT-2 model functions. The surface winds were measured directly by the TAO (Tropical Atmosphere Ocean) buoy array which spans the width of the equatorial Pacific within about 8° of the equator. The buoy program and data archive are maintained by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in collaboration with institutions in Japan, France and Taiwan. We also use data from two buoys maintained by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution located along 125°W. Since the buoy winds are measured at various heights above the surface, they are adjusted for both height and atmospheric surface layer stratification before comparisons are made to the NSCAT data. Co-location requirements include measurements within 100 km and 60 minutes of each other. There was a total of 5580 comparisons for the NSCAT-1 model function and 6364 comparisons for the NSCAT-2 model function. The NSCAT wind speeds, using the NSCAT-1 model function, are lower than the buoy wind speeds by about 0.54 ms-1 and have a 9.8° directional bias. The NSCAT-2 winds speeds were lower than the TAO buoy winds by only 0.08 ms-1, but still have the same 9.8° directional bias. The wind retrieval algorithm selects the vector closest to the buoy approximately 88% of the time. However, in the relatively low wind speed regime of the TAO array, approximately 4% of the wind vectors are more than 120° from the buoy wind.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. 957652.
    Keywords: Scatterometer ; Buoy ; Calibration validation ; Wind waves ; Radar meteorology ; NSCAT
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 2672023 bytes
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  • 3
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    Monthly atmospheric and oceanographic surface fields for the western North Atlantic : December, 1986-April, 1989 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Monthly atmospheric and oceanographic variables for the western North Atlantic Ocean from various sources are presented as contour or vector maps. These fields were assembled for a study of the upper ocean heat budget. Atmospheric fields include the net surface heat fluxes and wind stress derived from the 1000 mb winds from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). Oceanographic fields include the sea surface height from the Geosat radar altimeter and sea surface temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). An additional estimate of net surface heat flux is shown; this estimate was derived by assimilating winds, currents and ocean temperatures into a mixed layer model. The maps show a complex interplay of fluctuations in the winds and heat fluxes, and in the structure and temperature gradients of the Gulf Stream system. Some comments are offered on a comparison of the two heat flux estimates.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Contract No. NA16RC0468-01 and by the National Aeronautic Space Administration under Contract No. NAGW-1666.
    Keywords: Heat flux ; Sea surface height ; Wind stress
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 10012095 bytes
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  • 4
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    Southern Ocean GLOBEC moored array and automated weather station data report (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Southern Ocean GLOBal ocean ECosystems
    Description: As part of the U.S. Southern Ocean GLOBEC program, moored time series measurements of temperature, conductivity (salinity), pressure, velocity, and acoustic backscatter were made from March 2001 to March 2003 in and near Marguerite Bay, located on the Antarctic Peninsula western shelf. To monitor surface forcing during the moored array observations, two automatic weather stations (AWSs) were deployed on islands in Marguerite Bay and time series of wind, air temperature, pressure, and relative humidity were collected from May 2001 through March 2003. This report describes the individual moorings, their locations and local bathymetry, the instrumentation used and measurement depths, calibration and data processing steps taken to produce final time series, and basic plots of the final time series. The AWS data acquisition and processing are also described and basic plots of the final meteorological time series presented. Directions are given about how to access the raw and processed moored and AWS data via the SO GLOBEC website (http://globec.whoi.edu/jg/dir/globec/soglobec/).
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under contract number OPP-99-10092.
    Keywords: SO GLOBEC ; Antarctica ; Coastal oceanography ; Laurence M. Gould (Ship) Cruise LMG01-03 ; Laurence M. Gould (Ship) Cruise LMG02-1A ; Laurence M. Gould (Ship) Cruise LMG03-02 ; Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-03
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 10401290 bytes
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  • 5
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    Altimeter analysis of ocean currents (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Altimeter data from satellites are being used in an ongoing effort to obtain data sets with temporal as well as global coverage. This report describes the algorithms formulated and the programs written for the use of altimeter data from the European Space Agency (ESA) European Remote Sensing Satellite, ERS-1, for a repeat track analysis of ocean currents. It also presents some results from the California Current region.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract number N00014-92-J-1486.
    Keywords: Altimeter data ; ERS-1 ; California current
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 743801 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Altimeter processing tools for analyzing mesoscale ocean features (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Satellite altimeters provide many opportunities for oceanographers to supplement their research with a valuable new data set. The recent GEOSAT exact repeat mission is the first of several altimeter missions proposed during the next decade. To utilize this new data, a software package was developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Hawaii to facilitate the extraction of useful information from the NODC distributed GEOSAT data tapes. This software package was written with portability and modularity in mind. It should be possible to use this package with little or no modifications on data from future altimeters. The code was written in C and tested on Sun workstations and is oriented toward UNIX operating systems. However, since standard code was used, the programs should port easily to other computer systems. The modularity of the code should enable users to create additional programs. Additional programs designed to handle collocated water vapor corrections are also included for comparison.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-86-K-0751.
    Keywords: GEOSAT ; Altimeter ; Software
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 5429225 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Satellite data processing system (SDPS) users manual V1.0 (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: SDPS is a menu driven interactive program designed to facilitate the display and output of image and line-based data sets common to telemetry, modeling and remote sensing. This program can be used to display up to four separate raster images and overlay line-based data such as coastlines, ship tracks and velocity vectors. The program uses multiple windows to communicate information with the user. At any given time, the program may have up to four image display windows as well as auxiliary windows containing information about each image displayed. SDPS is not a commercial program. It does not contain complete type checking or error diagnostics which may allow the program to crash. Known anomalies will be mentioned in the appropriate section as notes or cautions.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract Number N00014-86-K-0751; and by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration under contract No. 957652.
    Keywords: Artificial satellites in oceanography ; Remote sensing
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Biweekly maps of wind stress for the North Pacific from the ERS-1 scatterometer, 1992-1995 (2006)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The ERS-1 scatterometer is the first operational satellite scatterometer in more than a decade. This report describes a technique developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to process and analyze the data. Four years of data (January 1992-December 1995) was analyzed in the North Pacific ocean. Gridded 0.5° x 0.5° wind, wind stress and wind stress curl fields were generated for the North Pacific Ocean on times scale of one week to one month. This data set was compared with in-situ measurements from buoys and coastal weather stations and numerical models. The results show good agreement with models and in-situ measurements. Biweekly maps were chosen after examining error/temporal resolution tradeoff curve.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contracts No. N00014-92-J-1486 and N00014-92-J-1656 and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract No. 957652.
    Keywords: ERS-1 Scatterometer ; Wind maps
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 5102260 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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