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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the band structures of some low-temperature superconductors (1997)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 64 (1997), S. 459-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: low-temperature superconductors ; tight-binding energy-band calculations ; superconducting transition temperatures ; chemical bondings ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the present article, the electronic energy-band structures of 20 series of low-temperature superconductors were investigated employing the tight-binding method within the extended Hückel approximation. The energy bands, the densities of states, and the crystal orbital overlap populations of them are discussed. It is found that, for the crystals in the same series with the same structure type and the component elements in the same group of the periodic table, their overall energy-band structures are similar to each other. The analysis of their chemical bondings shows that the stronger bonding is generally correlated with the lower superconducting transition temperature to some extent. The higher Tc's of 4d metals or compounds relative to those of the corresponding 5d crystals are mainly due to the difference of the electronegativities of metal atoms, while the steric effects play a more important role in the higher Tc of 4d crystals than do those of the corresponding 3d crystals.   © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 64: 459-472, 1997
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cyd, a mutant of pea that alters embryo morphology is defective in cytokinesis (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 16 (1995), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Caffeine ; cytokinesis ; development ; embryogenesis ; mutant ; pattern formation ; pea ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Embryogenesis in higher plants requires the precise regulation of cell division, orientation of cell elongation and specification of cell differentiation. The division plane is determined by the position of a new cell plate at cytokinesis. A mutant of pea has been isolated in which both the embryo pattern and surface morphology is altered. The phenotype of the mutant is manifest primarily in the cotyledons where cell plates only partially form, generating cell wall stubs and multinucleate cells. Some cotyledonary cells of the mutant proceed through nine DNA replication cycles, including nuclear division, but not cytokinesis, producing nuclei with a DNA content of ca. 1000C. The cytological phenotype of the mutant could be mimicked by the treatment of wild-type cells with caffeine. We have termed this mutant cytokinesis-defective (cyd). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020160405
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and electrospray mass spectrometry of tricyclic antidepressants and metabolic profiling of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 3183-3189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Antidepressants ; Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis ; Electrospray mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An on-line nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique was developed using a commercial ion spray interface. The nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis ESI-MS system was used to profile tricyclic antidepressants of similar structures and mass-to-charge ratios. We found that pure methanol can be used as a sheath liquid to obtain stable ion spray from nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. The flow rate of the coaxial nebulizing gas affected baseline signals, separation efficiency, and migration times. Other nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis operating conditions and electrospray parameters were optimized for enhanced baseline separation and high sensitivity detection. The effect of sample stacking on separation and detection was evaluated. The calculated detection limits were approximately 3 pg injected onto the capillary. ESI mass spectra of tricyclic antidepressants from a single quadrupole MS were obtained and elucidated. The information was used to propose fragmentation pathways of the tricyclic antidepressants. The method was also used to analyze the metabolites of amitriptyline produced by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Sixteen metabolites were detected and most of them were tentatively identified as demethylated and/or hydroxylated, and/or N-oxidized products.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191822
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  • 4
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    Annual net greenhouse gas balance in a halophyte (Helianthus tuberosus) bioenergy cropping system under various soil practices in southeast China (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: A full accounting of net greenhouse gas balance (NGHGB) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was examined in an annual coastal reclaimed saline Jerusalem artichoke-fallow cropping system under various soil practices including soil tillage, soil ameliorant and crop residue amendments. Seasonal fluxes of soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) were measured using static chamber method, and the net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) was determined by the difference between soil heterotrophic respiration ( R H ) and net primary production (NPP). Relative to no tillage, rotary tillage significantly decreased the NPP of Jerusalem artichoke while it had no significant effects on the annual R H . Rotary tillage increased CH 4 emissions, while seasonal or annual soil N 2 O emissions did not statistically differ between the two tillage treatments. Compared with the control plots, soil ameliorant or straw amendment enhanced R H , soil CH 4 and N 2 O emissions under the both tillage regimes. Annual NGHGB was negative for all the field treatments, as a consequence of net ecosystem CO 2 sequestration exceeding the CO 2 -equivalents released as CH 4 and N 2 O emissions, which indicates that Jerusalem artichoke-fallow cropping system served as a net sink of GHGs. The annual net NGHGB and GHGI were estimated to be 11–21% and 4–8% lower in the NT than in RT cropping systems, respectively. Soil ameliorant and straw amendments greatly increased NPP and thus significantly decreased the negative annual net NGHGB. Overall, higher NPP but lower climatic impacts of coastal saline bioenergy production would be simultaneously achieved by Jerusalem artichoke cultivation under no tillage with improved saline soil conditions in southeast China. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 1757-1693
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-1707
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Ice nucleation of bare and sulfuric acid coated mineral dust particles and implication for cloud properties (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Ice nucleation properties of atmospherically relevant dust minerals coated with soluble materials are not yet well understood. We determined ice nucleation ability of bare and sulfuric acid coated mineral dust particles as a function of temperature (−25 to −35 °C) and relative humidity with respect to water (RH w ; 75 to 110 %) for five different mineral dust types: 1) Arizona test dust (ATD), 2) illite, 3) montmorillonite, 4) K-feldspar, and 5) quartz. The particles were dry-dispersed and size-selected at 200 nm, and we determined the fraction of dust particles nucleating ice at various temperatures and RH w . Under water-subsaturated conditions, compared to bare dust particles, we found that coated particles showed a reduction in their ice nucleation ability. Under water-supersaturated conditions, however, we did not observe a significant coating effect (i.e., the bare and coated dust particles had nearly similar nucleating properties). X-ray diffraction patterns of the coated particles indicated that acid treatment altered the crystalline nature of the surface and caused structural disorder; thus, we concluded that the lack of such structured order reduced the ice nucleation efficiency of the coated particles in deposition ice nucleation mode. In addition, our single column model results show that coated particles significantly modify cloud properties such as ice crystal number concentration and ice water content compared to bare particles in water-subsaturated conditions. However, in water-supersaturated conditions, cloud properties differ only at warmer temperatures. These modeling results imply that future aged dust particle simulations should implement coating parameterizations to accurately predict cloud properties.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Microcystin-LR disrupts insulin signaling by hyperphosphorylating insulin receptor substrate 1 and glycogen synthase (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-07
    Description: Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a cyanobacteria-derived heptapeptide that has been commonly characterized as a hepatotoxin. Although the liver is a primary organ in glucose homeostasis, the effect of MC-LR on glucose metabolism remains unclear. In this study, the human liver cell line HL7702 and ICR mice were exposed to various concentrations of MC-LR for 24 h, and the proteins involved in insulin signaling were investigated. The results showed that MC-LR treatment induced the hyperphosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at several serine sites, S307, S323, S636/639, and S1101 in HL7702 cells, and S302, S318, S632/635, and S1097 in mice livers. In addition, the activation of S6K1 was demonstrated to play an important role in MC-LR-induced IRS1 hyperphosphorylation at several serine sites. Decreased levels of total IRS1 were observed in the mice livers, but there was no significant change in HL7702 cells. MC-LR also induced glycogen synthase (GS) hyperphosphorylation at S641 (inactivating GS) both in vitro and in vivo, even glycogen synthase kinase 3, a well-known GS kinase, was inactivated after MC-LR treatment. Moreover, MC-LR could block insulin-induced GS activation. In addition, glucose transport in liver cells was not impacted by MC-LR either with or without insulin stimulation. Our study implies that MC-LR can interfere with the actions of IRS1 and GS in insulin signaling and may have a toxic effect on glucose metabolism in the liver.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Analysis of parametric histogram from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: application in evaluating brain tumor response to radiotherapy (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-18
    Description: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) has been used to study tumor response to treatment for many years. In this study, the modified full width at half-maximum (mFWHM), calculated from the wash-in slope histogram, is proposed as a parameter for the evaluation of changes in tumor heterogeneity which respond to radiotherapy. Twenty-five patients with brain tumors were evaluated and divided into the nonresponder group ( n  = 11) and the responder group ( n  = 14) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). All selected tumors were evaluated by mFWHM ratios of post- to pre-therapy (the ratio was defined as the therapeutic mFWHM ratio, TMR). The changes in kurtosis of the histograms and the averaged K trans within a tumor were also calculated for comparison. The receiver operating characteristic analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to examine the diagnosis ability. The TMR values were significantly higher in nonresponders than in responders ( p  〈 0.001). When compared with the other two parameters, the proposed method also demonstrated better sensitivity and specificity. When adopting the TMR for the estimation of prognosis after therapy, there was a significant difference between the population survival curves. In conclusion, the derived mFWHM reflects tumor heterogeneity, and the ability to depict patient survival probability from TMR corresponds well with that from RECIST. The results reveal that, in brain tumors, progression may be exhibited not only by tumor size, but also by tumor heterogeneity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The modified full width at half-maximum (mFWHM) calculated from the wash-in slope histogram is proposed as a parameter for the evaluation of changes in tumor heterogeneity which respond to radiotherapy. Brain tumors were evaluated by mFWHM post- to pre-therapy ratios (defined as the therapeutic mFWHM ratio, TMR). The TMR has the ability to distinguish between nonresponders and responders. The patient survival probability from TMR corresponds well with that from the gold standard Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).
    Print ISSN: 0952-3480
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1492
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    The roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in quercetin-mediated cell death of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: Prostate cancer has its highest incidence and is becoming a major concern. Many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine exhibited antitumor responses. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been shown to induce apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines. Although numerous evidences show multiple possible signaling pathways of quercetin in apoptosis, there is no report to address the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in quercetin-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on the induction of the apoptotic pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Cells were treated with quercetin for 24 and 48 h and at various doses (50–200 μM), and cell morphology and viability decreased significantly in dose-dependent manners. Flow cytometric assay indicated that quercetin at 150 μM caused G0/G1 phase arrest (31.4–49.7%) and sub-G1 phase cells (19.77%) for 36 h treatment and this effect is a time-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis indicated that quercetin induces the G0/G1 phase arrest via decreasing the levels of CDK2, cyclins E, and D proteins. Quercetin also stimulated the protein expression of ATF, GRP78, and GADD153 which is a hall marker of ER stress. Furthermore, PC-3 cells after incubation with quercetin for 48 h showed an apoptotic cell death and DNA damage which are confirmed by DAPI and Comet assays, leading to decrease the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and level of ΔΨ m , and increase the proapoptotic Bax protein and the activations of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Moreover, quercetin promoted the trafficking of AIF protein released from mitochondria to nuclei. These data suggest that quercetin may induce apoptosis by direct activation of caspase cascade through mitochondrial pathway and ER stress in PC-3 cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    The roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in quercetin-mediated cell death of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-21
    Description: Prostate cancer has its highest incidence and is becoming a major concern. Many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine exhibited antitumor responses. Quercetin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been shown to induce apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines. Although numerous evidences show multiple possible signaling pathways of quercetin in apoptosis, there is no report to address the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in quercetin-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin on the induction of the apoptotic pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Cells were treated with quercetin for 24 and 48 h and at various doses (50–200 μM), and cell morphology and viability decreased significantly in dose-dependent manners. Flow cytometric assay indicated that quercetin at 150 μM caused G0/G1 phase arrest (31.4–49.7%) and sub-G1 phase cells (19.77%) for 36 h treatment and this effect is a time-dependent manner. Western blotting analysis indicated that quercetin induces the G0/G1 phase arrest via decreasing the levels of CDK2, cyclins E, and D proteins. Quercetin also stimulated the protein expression of ATF, GRP78, and GADD153 which is a hall marker of ER stress. Furthermore, PC-3 cells after incubation with quercetin for 48 h showed an apoptotic cell death and DNA damage which are confirmed by DAPI and Comet assays, leading to decrease the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and level of ΔΨ m , and increase the proapoptotic Bax protein and the activations of caspase-3, -8, and -9. Moreover, quercetin promoted the trafficking of AIF protein released from mitochondria to nuclei. These data suggest that quercetin may induce apoptosis by direct activation of caspase cascade through mitochondrial pathway and ER stress in PC-3 cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-13
    Description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is causally associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate whether antiviral therapy for HCV infection was associated with improved clinical outcomes related to diabetes. From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 2,267,270 Taiwanese residents diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were screened for eligibility. HCV infection was defined by a specific diagnosis code and measurement of serum antibody. After excluding patients with serious comorbidity, we enrolled a total of 1,411 eligible patients who received pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (treated cohort), and matched them 1:1 with 1,411 untreated controls by propensity scores (untreated cohort). We also matched the treated cohort 1:4 with 5,644 diabetic patients without HCV infection (uninfected cohort). Participants were followed up for the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), ischemic stroke, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after receiving antiviral treatment or the corresponding calendar date. From 2003 to 2011, the 8-year cumulative incidences of ESRD in the treated, untreated, and uninfected cohorts were 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3-2.0%), 9.3% (95% CI, 5.9-12.7%), and 3.3% (95% CI, 2.3-4.3%), respectively (p〈0.001); those of stroke were 3.1% (95% CI, 1.1-5.0%), 5.3% (95% CI, 3.0-7.5%), and 6.1% (95% CI, 4.8-7.4%), respectively (p=0.01); and those for ACS were 4.1% (95% CI, 2.1-6.1%), 6.6% (95% CI, 3.7-9.5%), and 7.4% (95% CI, 5.9-9.0%), respectively (p=0.05). As compared with the untreated cohort, antiviral treatment was associated with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.16 (95% CI, 0.07-0.33%) for ESRD, 0.53 (95% CI, 0.30-0.93) for ischemic stroke, and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.39-1.06) for ACS, respectively. Conclusions: Antiviral treatment for HCV infection is associated with improved renal and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. (H epatology 2013;)
    Print ISSN: 0270-9139
    Electronic ISSN: 1527-3350
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
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