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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (51)
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  • 1
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    Airborne formaldehyde causes skin barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: Background It remains to be elucidated whether exposure to air pollutants aggravates atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure to formaldehyde for 1 hour and 2 hours on skin barrier function in both the control and the AD groups. Methods In 41 patients with AD and 34 healthy children, a provocation test was performed in which two different areas of normal-appearing skin on the forearm were stimulated with airborne formaldehyde at 500 μg/m 3 or placebo for 2 hours. We measured transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin pH, and calculated the percent change from baseline. Results Exposure to formaldehyde increased TEWL in the control group (P 〈 0.001; median of difference: 1.4; interquartile range: 0.9, 1.6) and in the AD group (P 〈 0.001; median of difference: 2.5; interquartile range: 2.0, 3.6). The percent change of TEWL after formaldehyde exposure in the AD group was higher than the control group (P 〈 0.001), whereas exposure to placebo showed no differences between both groups. The AD group also demonstrated a higher percent increase in skin pH after exposure to formaldehyde than the control group (P 〈 0.001). Conclusion Short-term exposure to formaldehyde causes skin barrier dysfunction in both healthy children and children with AD, and this effect is more prominent in children with AD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation in K space of integrals arising in the theory of Van Der Waals forcesSupported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant No. GM 23223. (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 753-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We derive basic integrals needed for calculation of matrix elements of the Fourier transformed Coulomb operator and the Fourier transformed square of the Coulomb operator between 1s Slater functions. These integrals arise, for example, in the momentum space (k space) susceptibility formulation of van der Waals forces. The advantages of integration in k space (rather than r space) are that in k space there is a drastic reduction in the number of integration variables, and contour integration can be used. The derivation is completely analytic and the auxiliary integrals are all obtained in closed form.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560210409
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Least square-finite element for elasto-static problems. Use of ‘reduced’ integration (1974)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 8 (1974), S. 341-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A least square based finite element algorithm is developed for some elasto-static problems. In the formulation both stresses and displacements appear as simultaneous variables. In two dimensional (plane) analysis, parabolie isoparametric elements are used. Considerable improvement of performance is obtained with a numerical integration based on 2 × 2 Gauss point distribution over more accurate integration schemes. Reasons for this are presented.The formulation is extended in the section ‘General least square formulation’ to beams and plates with a similar success of ‘reduced’ integration.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620080212
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The V-notch at weld lines in polystyrene injection moldings (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 931-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A major factor that weakens the weld line in injection moldings is the V-notch structure. Though the existence of a V-notch is well known, its depth variation with molding conditions has not been detailed. The aim of this paper is to clarify the V-notch structure and its effect on the strength of general purpose polystyrene injection moldings. A dog bone type tensile specimen with a weld line was molded under several molding conditions. The surface of the weld line was partially eliminated by cutting with a milling machine to seven levels of cut depth (Dc). As a result, the weld strength increased with Dc to about 50%. The relationship between the weld strength and Dc made it possible to determine the V-notch depth, which vas defined as the “depth of the weld line.” From these results, a hypothesis is proposed that the V-notch has a structure with a fine groove on the surface and a poorly bonded inner layer. This study considered the relationships among the weld strength, the depth of the weld line, and molding conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760301508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chelation on the selective transport of alkaline-earth metal ions in asymmetric cellulose acetate hyperfiltration membranes (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1795-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rejection of calcium and/or magnesium ion by asymmetric cellulose acetate hyperfiltration membranes is increased significantly by formation of the corresponding alkaline-earth metal chelate. Typically solute fluxes are reduced by a factor of 5 consequent to chelation with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at pH 6.0. Selective chelation and, in turn, selective transport of magnesium is observed when equimolar solute mixtures corresponding to 1:1:1 magnesium:calcium:EDTA are hyperfiltered. Under these conditions, calcium successfully competes for the stoichiometrically limiting EDTA, and the rejection of magnesium is lower than the rejection observed for the hyperfiltration of the MgEDTA2- complex in the absence of competitive calcium. Alternatively, the rejection of the CaEDTA2- complex is increased under these identical conditions, presumably as a consequence of specific interactions between the available free magnesium and the cellulose acetate membrane. The effects reported here all seem to be related to reductions in solute diffusivity associated with the increased size of the alkaline-earth metal ion complex.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210707
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of poly(methyl methacrylate) particles in three-component cationic microemulsions (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1161-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: microemulsion ; polymerization ; methyl methacrylate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been studied in ternary microemulsions which were stabilized by tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) or stearyltrimethylammonium chloride (STAC). The sizes of MMA-swollen polymer particles (Rh) increased continuously during polymerization. This is in contrast to that of the styrene system, where Rh increased very rapidly to a maximum and then decreased continuously towards a constant value. The continuous growth of PMMA particles at 60°C are discussed. The stability of PMMA latexes increased with increasing the hydrophobic chain length of the cationic surfactant used. Traces of the coagulations of PMMA particles in the TTAB system can be seen from TEM. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330719
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic structure-property behavior of UV curable polyurethane acrylates (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2095-2102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Effects of hard segment type, soft segment type, soft segment length, and crystallization at various levels of reactive diluent have been studied in polyurethane acrylates. PTMG-IPDI-based PU acrylates gave better soft segment-hard segment phase separation as compared with PTMG-TDI-based ones. Among PTMG-, PCL-, and PTAd-IPDI-based materials, only PTMG-based one gave clean phase separation, and PTAd-based gave the poorest phase separation. With greater phase separation, higher modulus was obtained. Crystallization of soft segment in PTAd-IPDI-based material gave a significant increase in tensile modulus and elongation at break, with a notable difference in dynamic mechanical properties. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic characteristics of dual Rushton impeller stirred vessels (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 332-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The flows generated in vessels stirred by two Rushton impellers were investigated in two vessels of diameter (T) 100 and 294 mm with impellers of diameter D = T/3 using flow visualization, power consumption, mixing time, and 360° ensemble-averaged and 1° angle-resolved LDA measurement techniques. The flows depended strongly on the clearance of the lower impeller above the base of the vessel (C1), the separation between the impellers (C2), and the submergence (C3) of the upper impeller below the top of the liquid column height (H). When these distances were varied, three stable and four unstable flow patterns were observed. Comparisons between the two LDA techniques showed that while the 360° ensemble-averaged measurements are useful for characterizing the overall flow structure and turbulence levels in the vessel, care must be exercised when interpreting such data, since in the impeller region they include periodic variations in the mean velocity in addition to the turbulent fluctuations. The trailing vortex structure and flow periodicity produced by the Rushton impellers is shown to decay significantly within a cylindrical region of height 1.2D and radius 1.0D centered around the middle of the vessel, when C1 = C2 = T/3. The turbulence structure within this region is anisotropic, while outside this region it might be considered mostly isotropic. The main flow features scaled well between the vessels.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profiles of volatile metabolites in biological fluids using capillary columns (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 423-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, nickel ; „Transevaporator“ into packed pre-column as sampling technique prior capillary described ; Application to volatile metabolite body fluid analysis for early detection of disease ; Serum and human breast milk as examples ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Nickel capillary columns coated with moderately polarstationary phases such as Witconol can be used for the separation of the organic volatile fraction from biological fluids. A “transevaporator” sampling technique for the collection of the organic volatiles on glass beads from as little as 5 to 500 μl of biological fluids (e.g. urine, serum, amniotic fluid, breast milk, saliva, etc.) is described. The organic volatiles are thermally desorbed from the glass beads into a short precolumn cooled in liquid nitrogen, which overcomes the problems associated with sample introduction onto narrow-bore capillary columns. The application of the full analytical technique to problems associated with the early detection of disease is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020710
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local shell-side heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop in a tubular heat exchanger with orifice baffles (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 669-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: By means of a moveable sensing probe previously described2 local shell-side heat transfer coefficients and friction losses were measured on a model tubular heat exchanger containing orifice baffles. The heat exchanger shell was 6-in. nominal I.D. and 45 in. in length and contained four tubes in triangular arrangement passing through orifice baffles. Baffle hole diameters of 1-/16, 1-2/16, 1-3/16, and 1-5/16 in. and baffle spacings of 4.0 and 9.0 in. were studied. Data were taken at several air flow rates for each of the four baffle hole diameters.The average heat transfer coefficient for the region between two central baffles was correlated with an empirical equation based on only two baffle spacings.An increase in the baffle-to-tube clearance caused a decrease in heat transfer. An increase in the baffle spacing also resulted in a decrease in heat transfer. Four flow zones in the baffle space are postulated from the analysis of Nusselt number distribution along the tube. The heat transfer characteristics in each of the four flow zones were analyzed in terms of the mechanism of the fluid flow.The pressure-drop data were correlated in terms of an annular orifice coefficient of discharge and an orifice-pressure-drop function. As a result of this study a method was developed by which one can predict the average of the local coefficients at the baffle position from the knowledge of pressure drop across a single baffle.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690060430
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