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  • 1
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    Berry transcriptome: insights into a novel resource to understand development dependent secondary metabolism in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Physiologia Plantarum Vol. 168, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 148-173
    Details
    In: Physiologia Plantarum, Wiley, Vol. 168, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 148-173
    Kurzfassung: Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is considered as Rasayana in Indian systems of medicine. This study reports a novel transcriptome of W. somnifera berries, with high depth, quality and coverage. Assembled and annotated transcripts for nearly all genes related with the withanolide biosynthetic pathway were obtained. Tissue‐wide gene expression analysis reflected almost similar definitions for the terpenoid pathway in leaf, root and berry tissues with relatively higher abundance of transcripts linked to steroid, phenylpropanoid metabolism as well as flavonoid metabolism in berries. The metabolome map generated from the data embodied transcripts from 143 metabolic pathways connected together and mediated collectively by about 1792 unique enzyme functions specific to berry, leaf and root tissues, respectively. Transcripts specific to cytochrome p450 (CYP450), methyltransferases and glycosyltransferases were distinctively located in a tissue specific manner and exhibited a complex network. Significant distribution of transcription factor genes such as MYB, early light inducible protein (ELI), minichromosome maintenance1, agamous, deficiens and serum response factor (MADS) and WRKY etc. was observed, as the major transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolism. Validation of the assembly was ascertained by cloning WsELI , which has a light dependent regulatory role in development. Quantitative expression of WsELI was observed to be considerably modulated upon exposure to abiotic stress and elicitors. Co‐relation of over‐expression of WsELI , may provide new aspects for the functional role of ELI proteins in plants linked to secondary metabolism. The study offers the first comprehensive and comparative evaluation of W. somnifera transcriptome data between the three tissues and across other members of Solanaceae ( Nicotiana , Solanum and Capsicum ) with respect to major pathways and their metabolome regulation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0031-9317 , 1399-3054
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ppl.v168.1
    DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12943
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 208872-1
    ZDB Id: 2020837-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Over‐expression of DXS gene enhances terpenoidal secondary metabolite accumulation in rose‐scented geranium and Withania somnifera : active involvement of plastid isoprenogenic pathway in their biosynthesis
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Physiologia Plantarum Vol. 159, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 381-400
    Details
    In: Physiologia Plantarum, Wiley, Vol. 159, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 381-400
    Kurzfassung: Rose‐scented geranium ( Pelargonium spp.) is one of the most important aromatic plants and is well known for its diverse perfumery uses. Its economic importance is due to presence of fragrance rich essential oil in its foliage. The essential oil is a mixture of various volatile phytochemicals which are mainly terpenes (isoprenoids) in nature. In this study, on the geranium foliage genes related to isoprenoid biosynthesis ( DXS , DXR and HMGR ) were isolated, cloned and confirmed by sequencing. Further, the first gene of 2‐C‐methyl‐ d ‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate ( MEP ) pathway, 1‐deoxy‐ d ‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate synthase ( GrDXS ), was made full length by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends strategy. GrDXS contained a 2157 bp open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 792 amino acids having calculated molecular weight 77.5 kDa . This study is first report on heterologous expression and kinetic characterization of any gene from this economically important plant. Expression analysis of these genes was performed in different tissues as well as at different developmental stages of leaves. In response to external elicitors, such as methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, light and wounding, all the three genes showed differential expression profiles. Further GrDXS was over expressed in the homologous (rose‐scented geranium) as well as in heterologous ( Withania somnifera ) plant systems through genetic transformation approach. The over‐expression of GrDXS led to enhanced secondary metabolites production (i.e. essential oil in rose‐scented geranium and withanolides in W. somnifera ). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the expression profile of the three genes related to isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways operated in rose‐scented geranium as well as functional characterization study of any gene from rose‐scented geranium through a genetic transformation system.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0031-9317 , 1399-3054
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ppl.2017.159.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12507
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2017
    ZDB Id: 208872-1
    ZDB Id: 2020837-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Genotype–Phenotype Relationships for High‐Temperature Tolerance: An Integrated Method for Minimizing Phenotyping Constraints in Wheat
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Crop Science Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2019-09), p. 1973-1982
    Details
    In: Crop Science, Wiley, Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2019-09), p. 1973-1982
    Kurzfassung: Various attempts have been made to understand the traits and genes associated with heat stress tolerance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in the field and under controlled conditions. Attempts made under controlled conditions have not been conclusive, mainly through a lack of sufficient precision in simulating the ambient temperature dynamics and microenvironments prevalent in the field. In addition, inconsistency in field phenotyping is a major concern. Hence, we attempted to develop a method for phenotyping wheat for heat stress tolerance through a novel temperature‐controlled phenotyping facility (TCPF), along with an inexpensive tool to ensure uniform crop establishment. The objective was to improve the precision of assessing plants' responses to elevated temperatures, particularly when these experiments are challenged by a large number of genotypes to be screened that show significant variations in their phenology. The study involved 75 genotypes from a recombinant inbred line population with differing responses to heat stress under three conditions: in the TCPF and in the field [regular field season and late sown (LS)] across two consecutive years. The results revealed that the yield components were different under LS and TCPF conditions. These differences reflected the plants' responses to morphophenological adaptations arising from the late planting time and were not really reflective of the heat stress response. However, greater precision in differentiating high‐temperature responses in the TCPF was evident from the repeatability in terms of growth, physiology , and productivity. This could be attributed to uniform crop establishment and improved capacity to maintain the desired temperature for phenotyping.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0011-183X , 1435-0653
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2019.01.0055
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 1480918-7
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  • 4
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    Detailed dynamic mechanical analysis of thermomechanically stable melt‐processed PEK–MWCNT nanocomposites
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Polymer Composites Vol. 39, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 2587-2596
    Details
    In: Polymer Composites, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 7 ( 2018-07), p. 2587-2596
    Kurzfassung: This article reports the detailed study of dynamic mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(ether ketone) nanocomposites prepared by melt blending. The dynamic mechanical characterisitic parameters such as storage modulus ( E ′), loss modulus ( E ″) and damping factor (tan  δ ) were explored in detail to investigate the adhesion factor ( A ), strength factor ( B ), efficiency factor ( C ), and entanglement density ( N ). Adhesion factor, which is inversely related to the degree of interaction between nanotubes and matrix, decreased with increase in MWCNT loading. Strength factor ( B ) which is a direct measure of interaction between MWCNTs and PEK increased with increase in MWCNT loading. The effect of nanotubes on moduli of composites is calculated in terms of coefficient of reinforcement ( C factor). Lower is the value of coefficient ( C ) higher will be the effectiveness of reinforcement on moduli of composites. It decreased from value of 1 at 1 wt% MWCNTs loading in PEK to 0.67 at 5 wt% MWCNTs loading which point towards increased effectiveness of MWCNTs at 5 wt% loading for excellent properties. To compliment these findings, entanglement density ( N ) was also calculated. Furthermore, Cole–Cole analysis was carried out to demonstrate the compatibility of both the components in composite system. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:2587–2596, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0272-8397 , 1548-0569
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/pc.v39.7
    DOI: 10.1002/pc.24247
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 1475935-4
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  • 5
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    Increased DNA methylation in the spermatogenesis‐associated (SPATA) genes correlates with infertility
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Andrology Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 602-609
    Details
    In: Andrology, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 602-609
    Kurzfassung: Spermatogenesis‐associated (SPATA) family of genes plays important roles in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation or fertilization. The knockout studies in mice have demonstrated that SPATA genes are crucial for fertility. Gene expression and genetic polymorphism studies have further suggested their correlation with infertility; however, methylation analysis of SPATA genes in human male infertility has not yet been undertaken. Objectives To analyze the methylation status of SPATA4, SPATA5 and SPATA6 genes in oligozoospermic male infertility. Materials and methods In the present study, we have analyzed DNA methylation pattern in the promoter regions of SPATA4, SPATA5 and SPATA6 genes in oligozoospermic patients and compared it with normozoospermic fertile controls. Semen samples were obtained from 30 oligozoospermic infertile and 19 normozoospermic fertile controls, and DNA methylation levels of the target gene promoters were analyzed by amplicon based deep sequencing methylation analysis using MiSeq. Results SPATA4 ( P   〈  0.0008), SPATA5 ( P  = 0.009) and SPATA6 (Promoter, P   〈  0.0005; Exon 1, P  = 0.0128) genes were significantly hypermethylated in oligozoospermic patients in comparison to controls. This is the first study reporting a higher methylation in the promoters of SPATA4, SPATA5 and SPATA6 in oligozoospermic infertile individuals in comparison to the normozoospermic fertile controls. Discussion Altered methylation of SPATA genes would affect pathways involved in sperm production or affect various processes linked to sperm fertility. Conclusion In conclusion, hypermethylation in the SPATA4, SPATA5 and SPATA6 genes correlates with oligozoospermic infertility.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2047-2919 , 2047-2927
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/andr.v8.3
    DOI: 10.1111/andr.12742
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2693844-3
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  • 6
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    Studies on novel nanosuperabsorbent composites: Swelling behavior in different environments and effect on water absorption and retention properties of sandy loam soil and soil-less medium
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 120, No. 3 ( 2011-05-05), p. 1448-1458
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Wiley, Vol. 120, No. 3 ( 2011-05-05), p. 1448-1458
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/app.33263
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2011
    ZDB Id: 1491105-X
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  • 7
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    Valuable New Leaf or Inflorescence Resistances Ensure Improved Management of White Rust ( Albugo candida ) in Mustard ( Brassica juncea ) Crops
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Phytopathology Vol. 164, No. 6 ( 2016-06), p. 404-411
    Details
    In: Journal of Phytopathology, Wiley, Vol. 164, No. 6 ( 2016-06), p. 404-411
    Kurzfassung: Field resistances/susceptibilities against Albugo candida race 2V were determined for 29 Indian Brassica juncea varieties and compared with resistant varieties from China (6) and Australia (7). ‘Basanti’ (AUDPC incidence 46.7; AUDPC severity 29.2) represents the first high‐level resistance to race 2V in Indian varieties. Several others showed lower but still useful levels of resistance, including Narendra Ageti Rai‐4 (AUDPC incidence 150.6; AUDPC severity 66.8) and JM1 (AUDPC incidence 167.1; AUDPC severity 83.7). Highly susceptible Indian varieties had AUDPC incidence values 〉 200 and severity 〉 100. ‘Basanti’ had least stagheads/plant (0.32), while Narendra Ageti Rai‐4 had lowest % plants with stagheads (2.48). In contrast, almost half of Indian varieties had stagheads/plant 〉 1 and % plants with stagheads 〉 4, and 〉 26 for ‘Kranti’. The resistance in ‘Basanti’ paves the way forward towards significantly improved white rust management in mustard in India. JM06011, JM06021, JR049 from Australia and CJB‐003 from China had zero leaf incidence. There were significant (P   〈   0.001) relationships between disease incidence with severity (R 2 0.92), stagheads/plant (R 2 0.69) and also % plants with stagheads (R 2 0.60); between disease severity with stagheads/plant (R 2 0.68) and also % plants with stagheads (R 2 0.69); and between stagheads/plant with % plants with stagheads (R 2 0.59).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0931-1785 , 1439-0434
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jph.2016.164.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/jph.12425
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 2020539-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Withanolide A is inherently de novo biosynthesized in roots of the medicinal plant Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera )
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Physiologia Plantarum Vol. 133, No. 2 ( 2008-06), p. 278-287
    Details
    In: Physiologia Plantarum, Wiley, Vol. 133, No. 2 ( 2008-06), p. 278-287
    Kurzfassung: Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera Dunal., Solanaceae) is one of the most reputed medicinal plants of Ayurveda, the traditional medical system. Several of its traditionally proclaimed medicinal properties have been corroborated by recent molecular pharmacological investigations and have been shown to be associated with its specific secondary metabolites known as withanolides, the novel group of ergostane skeletal phytosteroids named after the plant. Withanolides are structurally distinct from tropane/nortropane alkaloids (usually found in Solanaceae plants) and are produced only by a few genera within Solanaceae. W. somnifera contains many structurally diverse withanolides in its leaves as well as roots. To date, there has been little biosynthetic or metabolism‐related research on withanolides. It is thought that withanolides are synthesized in leaves and transported to roots like the tropane alkaloids, a group of bioactive secondary metabolites in Solanaceae members known to be synthesized in roots and transported to leaves for storage. To examine this, we have studied incorporation of 14 C from [2‐ 14 C]‐acetate and [U‐ 14 C]‐glucose into withanolide A in the in vitro cultured normal roots as well as native/orphan roots of W. somnifera . Analysis of products by thin layer chromatography revealed that these primary metabolites were incorporated into withanolide A, demonstrating that root‐contained withanolide A is de novo synthesized within roots from primary isoprenogenic precursors. Therefore, withanolides are synthesized in different parts of the plant (through operation of the complete metabolic pathway) rather than imported.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0031-9317 , 1399-3054
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ppl.2008.133.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01076.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2008
    ZDB Id: 208872-1
    ZDB Id: 2020837-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Pressmud alleviates soil sodicity stress in a rice–wheat rotation: Effects on soil properties, physiological adaptation and yield‐related traits
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Land Degradation & Development Vol. 32, No. 9 ( 2021-05-30), p. 2735-2748
    Details
    In: Land Degradation & Development, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 9 ( 2021-05-30), p. 2735-2748
    Kurzfassung: We assessed the improvement potential of pressmud – a sugar industry waste – on soil properties, physiological adaptation and yield‐related traits in a rice–wheat rotation in sodicity‐affected Ghaghar basin of Haryana, India. Large‐scale (0.2–0.4 ha) participatory trials comprising two treatments, with (+PM) and without (–PM) pressmud, were conducted on 125 farmers' fields covering non‐sodic (NS), slightly sodic (SS) and moderately sodic (MS) soils. Pressmud application (10 Mg ha −1 ) led to appreciable reductions in soil pH (1.6–3.6%) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP; 10.4–20.1%) with concomitant improvements in plant physiological and yield‐related traits across different soil alkali classes, albeit to a greater extent in SS and MS soils than in NS soils. Compared to prevailing farmers' practices (–PM), transformative improvements in mean leaf relative water content (RWC) (4 and 7%), membrane injury (MII) (−12 and −14%), photosynthetic rate (Pn) (21 and 25%), stomatal conductance (gS) (26 and 21%), transpiration rate (E) (38 and 22%), proline (P) (−19 and −20%) and Na + /K + accumulation in shoot (NaK_S) (−24 and −22%) and root (NaK_R) (−23 and −27%) were observed in both rice and wheat grown under PM ameliorated soils. On an average, rice and wheat yields were increased by 15.8 and 14.6% in SS and 18.9 and 16.7% in MS soils, respectively, with pressmud application. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed significant correlations among highly weighted variables including physiological and yield‐related traits to influence the rice–wheat productivity with PM addition in SS and MS soils. Sustained use of this organic waste in agricultural lands seems to be an affordable solution for overcoming sodicity‐induced land degradation, and achieving developmental goals of environmental and livelihood security.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1085-3278 , 1099-145X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.v32.9
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3953
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2021787-0
    ZDB Id: 1319202-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
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    Improved Power Conversion Efficiencies of Dye‐Capped and Sensitized ZnO Solar Cells
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  ChemistrySelect Vol. 7, No. 38 ( 2022-10-13)
    Details
    In: ChemistrySelect, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 38 ( 2022-10-13)
    Kurzfassung: This article describes the synthesis, characterization and photo‐physical studies of ZnO nanoparticles capped with monomer and polymer dyes D 1 and D 2 , respectively; these dyes were synthesized by an easy and inexpensive condensation method by reacting Indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde with N,N‐ dimethylethylenediamine and polyamine. The optoelectronic properties of these dyes were investigated by UV‐Vis spectroscopy. Further, these dyes D1 and D2 were decorated with ZnO nanoparticles and labelled as samples S 1 and S 2 . The structural properties of dyes capped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X‐ray diffractogram, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering studies. Further, S 1 and S 2 were deployed to fabricate photo‐anodes for ZnO solar cells, labelled as SC 1 and SC 2 , respectively. The results of investigations revealed that polymer dye molecules enhanced the photo‐harvesting capability of ZnO nanoparticles within the ZnO solar cell SC 1 . Maximum photo‐energy conversion efficiency η =5.42 % was attained with solar cell SC 2 under AM 1.5 solar irradiations. Comparatively, it has been observed that the recorded photovoltaic efficiency of solar cell SC 2 was enhanced by 1.49 % comparative to the solar cell SC 1 . The IPCE spectra studies revealed a significant improvement of (15–19)% in the photo efficiency of solar cell SC 2 than SC 1.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2365-6549 , 2365-6549
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/slct.v7.38
    DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202075
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: Wiley
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2844262-3
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