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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tight representation of logical constraints as cardinality rules (1999)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 85 (1999), S. 363-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: 1 ,...,Am are true, then at least ℓ of the propositions B1,...,Bn are true. The main result of the paper is that the procedure in fact provides a convex hull description.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101070050061
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auditory sensitivity of the cichlid fish Astronotus ocellatus (Cuvier) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 171 (1992), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Astronotus ocellatus ; Audiogram ; Acoustic ; sensitivity ; Fish ear ; Non-otophysan fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Auditory sensitivity was determined for the oscar, Astronotus ocellatus, a cichlid fish that has no known structural specializations to enhance hearing. Trained A. ocellatus behaviorally responded to sound stimuli from 200 Hz to 800 Hz with best sensitivity of 18 dB (re: 1 μbar) to 21 dB for frequencies between 200 and 400 Hz. This is significantly poorer than hearing sensitivity for fish classified as hearing specialists, but well within the range of hearing capabilities reported for non-specialist teleost species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195965
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electric organ discharge frequency and plasma sex steroid levels during gonadal recrudescence in a natural population of the weakly electric fish Sternopygus macrurus (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 493-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Electric organ discharge ; Electric fish ; Androgens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Sternopygus macrurus were collected in Venezuela during the period of gonadal recrudescence in early or late dry season. Electric organ discharge (EOD) frequencies were recorded, blood samples were taken for analysis of steroid titers, and gonads were taken for determination of reproductive condition. 2. Mean EOD frequencies were significantly lower in males than in females in all samples. EOD frequency was inversely correlated with body length in males in late, but not early, dry season, and these parameters were never correlated in females. 3. Plasma levels of testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), but not estradiol-17β (E2), were inversely correlated with EOD frequency in males. No 11-KT was observed in plasma of females, and plasma levels of T and E2 in females were comparable to those of males. Neither T nor E2 were correlated with EOD frequency in females. 4. Testes collected in late dry season were more mature than those from early dry season; androgen levels and EOD frequency were correlated with testicular maturity. Ovaries collected in early dry season were immature, while those from late dry season were more mature. There was no relationship between EOD frequency and stage of ovarian development. 5. These results suggest that plasma androgens modulate EOD frequency in males during the reproductive season and that plasma E2 has little relationship to EOD frequency in either sex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197661
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threatened Fishes of the World: Oncorhynchus masou formosanus (Jordan & Oshima, 1919) (Salmonidae) (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 57 (2000), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007687825352
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuation of photosynthetic photon flux density within aMiscanthus sinensis canopy (1988)
    Springer
    Ecological research 3 (1988), S. 253-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Light fluctuation ; Microsite ; Miscanthus sinensis ; Photosynthetic photon flux density ; Sunflecks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Detailed measurements of diurnal variations in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were made at seven locations within the canopy of aMiscanthus sinensis grassland to evaluate the light conditions of microsites for heliophilic tree seedlings. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the short-term light fluctuation on a clear day was highly dependent on the wind speed and solar elevation angle, whereas on a cloudy day it was mainly determined by the PPFD incident from above the canopy. The relative PPFD at 40 cm aboveground varied from 0.065 to 0.252, depending on sky conditions and the sensor's position in relation to clumped patches ofM. sinensis. On a clear day, the proportion of PPFD readings above 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 contributed by sunflecks ranged between 25.4% and 82.0%. Computer simulation showed that the contribution of sunflecks to the daily carbon gain ofQuercus serrata seedlings may range from 11% to 65%. The mean relative PPFD measured under diffuse light conditions was linearly related to the daily total PPFD and the daily carbon gain by single leaves ofQ. serrata seedlings. This suggests that the relative PPFD under diffuse light conditions provides an appropriate measure of site-specific light availability within a grass canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348584
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic photon flux density in the canopy ofMiscanthus sinensis (1989)
    Springer
    Ecological research 4 (1989), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Grass canopy ; Microsite ; Miscanthus sinensis ; Photosynthetic photon flux density ; Spatial distribution of light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spatial variation in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was investigated in detail at different heights within the canopy of aMiscanthus sinensis grassland to evaluate the light environment of microsites for establishment of heliophilic tree seedlings. Highly heterogeneous patterns of light distribution were revealed within the apparently uniform grass canopies, especially under direct light. The frequency distribution patterns of relative PPFD (RPFD) were compared among different solar and sky conditions. With increasing height in the canopy, the mean RPFD value and standard deviation (SD) increased, while the skewness and kurtosis of the distribution decreased. The mean RPFD and SD were higher, especially at higher solar elevation angles, under direct light than those under diffuse light conditions. The frequency distribution of RPFD was more platykurtic under direct light and at higher solar elevation angles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348453
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Circular Groove Guide Analysis (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 20 (1999), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using the Fourier transform and the mode matching technique, the circular groove guide is analyzed. While deriving a series of simultaneous equations basing on boundary conditions, we get the characteristic equation of this guide structure that is strict than those before. The numerical result shows that the approach presented in this paper has a good precision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021716004425
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An elliptic quantum algebra for $$\widehat{s1}_2 $$ 2 (1994)
    Springer
    Letters in mathematical physics 32 (1994), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0530
    Keywords: 17B37 ; 82A67
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An elliptic deformation of $$\widehat{s1}_2 $$ is proposed. Our presentation of the algebra is based on the relationRLL = LLR *, whereR andR * are eight-vertexR-matrices with the elliptic moduli chosen differently. In the trigonometric limit, this algebra reduces to a quotient of that proposed by Reshetikhin and Semenov-Tian-Shansky. Conjectures concerning highest-weight modules and vertex operators are formulated, and the physical interpretation ofR * is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750668
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A KP Element Inserted Between the Two Promoters of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene of Drosophila melanogaster Differentially Affects Expression in Larvae and Adults (1998)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 36 (1998), S. 363-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER ; KP ELEMENT ; TRANSCRIPTION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An allele of the Drosophila melanogaster alcoholdehydrogenase (Adh) gene has a 1.15-kb KP elementinserted, in the same orientation as Adh transcription,five nucleotides upstream of the distal transcription start site. The target site-GTCCAAGT — inAdh between nucleotides –13 and –6 isduplicated at both ends of the insertion. Adult flieswith either one or two copies of the allele have lessthan 12% of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of thecontrols. Activity levels are also reduced in larvae,but by a much smaller amount. Quantitative Northernanalyses showed that the low activity level in adults was caused by reduced transcript levels fromthe distal promoter. 5′ RACE experiments indicatedthat adult transcripts were mostly initiated downstreamof the distal promoter but some skipped the first adult exon. In late third-instar larvae thetranscripts present were from the proximal promoter.After the KP element was deleted by an appropriatebreeding program, the distal transcript increased inadults to the control level, but ADH activityincreased to only 50% of the control. No nucleotidechanges were found in the gene that could explain thisdifference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018749513875
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