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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality assessment in diagnostic molecular pathology: experience from a German-Austrian-Swiss multicenter trial (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 437 (2000), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Accreditation ; Diagnostic molecular pathology ; Quality assessment ; Technical standard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In order to assess the current technical standard of diagnostic molecular pathology, we have conducted a multicenter trial with 34 participating pathology laboratories in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were selected from 15 cases, comprising 4 B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, 4 T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, 4 cases with lymphadenitis, 2 cases with confirmed tuberculosis and 1 case of sarcoidosis. All participating laboratories received one 10-µm section from each of the 15 cases to detect clonality using immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene or T-cell receptor (TCR)-γ gene rearrangement analysis in 12 and mycobacterial DNA in 3 cases. In addition, participants had to answer technical questions about the application of internal quality controls and performance of fragment length or sequence analysis. Correct results were reported in 80% and 90% for IgH and TCR-γ gene rearrangement analysis, respectively, and in 83% for mycobacterial DNA analysis. No significant differences in the quality of results were obvious when the individual techniques used for molecular analysis were compared. However, when two independent techniques were used by the same laboratory, a higher rate of correct results was obtained for IgH and TCR rearrangement analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a high technical standard of molecular diagnostic adjuncts among the participating laboratories. Regular multicenter trials with a greater number of participating laboratories working in this field will be indispensable to ensure a continuing or increasing standard in diagnostic molecular pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280000212
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomie. Histologie. (Mikroskopische Technik.) Entwicklungsgeschichte. Physiologie (1938)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 29 (1938), S. 142-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01767195
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versicherungsrechtliche Medizin. Gewerbepathologie (1938)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 29 (1938), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01753262
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic heterogeneity in a prostatic carcinoma and associated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia as demonstrated by combined use of laser-microdissection, degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR and comparative genomic hybridization (1998)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 433 (1998), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Comparative genomic hybridization ; Laser-assisted microdissection ; DOP-PCR ; Prostatic carcinoma ; Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We combined laser-assisted microdissection from H&E-stained paraffin sections, degenerated oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to analyse chromosomal imbalances in small tumour areas consisting of 50–100 cells. This approach was used to investigate intratumour genetic heterogeneity in a case of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma and chromosomal changes in areas of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) adjacent to the invasive tumour. In four microdissected invasive tumour areas with different histological patterns (acinar, cribriform, papillary and solid) marked intratumour heterogeneity was found by CGH. Recurrent chromosomal imbalances detected in at least two microdissected tumour areas were gains on 1p32→p36, 2p22, 3q21, 7, 8q21→q24, 11q12→q13, 16p12→p13, 17, 19 and loss on 16q23. Additional chromosomal changes were found in only one of the microdissected areas (gains on 16q21→q23, 20q22 and losses on 8p21→p23, 12p11→q12, 12q21→q26, 13q21→q34, 16q12, and 18q22). In PIN, gains on chromosomes 8q21→q24 and 17 were found in both samples investigated (low and high grade PIN), while gains on chromosomes 7, 11q, 12q, 16p, and 20q and losses on 2p, 8p21→p23, 12q were found only in one PIN area. Controls to ensure reliable CGH results consisted in CGH analyses of (i) approximately 80 microdissected normal epithelial cells, which showed no aberrations after DOP-PCR and (ii) larger cell numbers (approximately 105 or 107 cells) of the primary tumour investigated without DOP-PCR and partially displaying the chromosomal imbalances (gain on 16p12→p13, losses on 2p25, 8p21→p23, 12p11→p12, 12q21→q26, 18q22) found in the small microdissected areas. Microsatellite and FISH analyses further confirmed our CGH results from microdissected cells. The combined approach of laser-assisted microdissection, DOP-PCR and CGH is suitable to identify early genetic changes in PIN and chromosomal imbalances associated with the particular histological patterns of invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen retrieval, signal amplification and intensification in immunohistochemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this overview we emphasize new methods of improving immunohistochemical results in formaldehyde-fixed tissue samples. The benefit of heat-induced antigen retrieval in demasking of concealed epitopes is demonstrated. We provide guidance on the influence of heat-induced antigen retrieval in commonly applied monoclonal and polyconal antibodies. Moreover, we show the promising methods of signal amplification using biotinylated tyramine and signal intensification of diaminobenzidine reaction products by metallic ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01463928
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative FISH analysis of numerical chromosome 7 abnormalities in 5-μm and 15-μm paraffin-embedded tissue sections from prostatic carcinoma (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 107 (1997), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 15-μm-thick paraffin sections from prostatic carcinomas using a chromosome 7-specific α-satellite DNA probe. A confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used for optical sectioning of the thick sections and reconstruction of 3D images. The number of FISH signals was determined by a gallery of optical sections evaluating only complete nuclei. To investiate the influence of section thickness and truncation and nuclei on scoring results, we compared the FISH data from 15-μm sections with signal counts obtained from 5-μm sections. The latter were evaluated by conventional fluorescence microscopy in the same tumor regions previously defined and marked on the slides. After statistical analysis of spot frequencies in tumor and non-tumorous cells (χ2 test), we transferred the signal frequencies into a cytogenetic classification (−7, +7, polysomy 7). Based on this classification, most cases showed more than one chromosome 7 aberration type. Trisomy 7 (+7) became apparent in 15-μm-thick sections in all 19 tumors, polysomy 7 (〉3 spots) in 18/19 cases, and monosomy 7 (−7) in 13/19 cases. In 5-μm sections, however, trisomy 7 and polysomy 7 were found in only 7/19 and 13/19 cases, respectively, and monosomy 7 in 7/19 cases. When comparing the classification results of tumor cells of the same tumor regions originating either from 5-μm or 15-μm sections, the following discrepancies were noted: in 15-μm sections exclusively, in 12/19 tumors, trisomy 7 was found; in 6/19 cases, polysomy 7; in 8/19 cases, monosomy 7. The high proportion of cases with tumor nuclei expressing only one hybridization signal of chromosome 7 in 15-μm sections could be confirmed as monosomy 7 in five selected cases by double-hybridization using centromere-specific probes for chromosomes 7 and 12. These results demonstrate that numerical chromosome 7 aberrations are more frequently observed in thick (15-μm) paraffin-embedded tissue sections by evaluating only complete nuclei. The use of routine sections (5-μm) for interphase cytogenetic analyses is compromised by a remarkable underestimation of the real chromosome copy numbers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050096
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of numerical karyotype changes in the giant cells of Hodgkin's lymphomas by a combination of FISH and immunohistochemistry applied to paraffin sections (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 105 (1996), S. 401-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Conventional karyotyping of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has until now yielded only limited insight into karyotypic characteristics of this discase. For this reason, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using alphasatellite chromosome-specific probes was applied to paraffin sections of HD tumors in order to verify numerical aberrations suggested to be specific for HD in the literature. The FISH technique was combined with immunohistochemical detection of the CD30 antigen to allow easier identification of the Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin (RS&H) cells. The number of specific FISH signals per nucleus was determined both in CD30-positive RS&H cells as well as in non-malignant “bystander” cells in order to assess differences in the signal distribution. Contrasted with normal lymphoid cells, the tumor cells in HD were found to be polysomic for at least one of the chromosomes analyzed (1,2,4, and 8). The technique described is a reliable method for confirmation of results obtained from conventional cytogenetics, which is especially suited for archival material or samples not containing dividing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01463661
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target and signal amplification: approaches to increase the sensitivity of in situ hybridization (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In situ hybridization (ISH) has proven to be a very important molecular tool in research and diagnosis. However, its applicability can be limited by its restricted detection sensitivity. During the last few years, several strategies have been developed to improve the threshold levels for ISH detection by amplification of either target nucleic acid sequences prior to ISH or the detection signals after hybridization procedures. In this overview, we outline and analyze the principles, applications, and limitations of in situ polymerase chain reaction, in situ self-sustained sequence replication, primed in situ labeling (PRINS), and in situ transcription as examples of target amplification methods, and catalyzed reporter deposition using biotinylated tyramine as an approach to signal amplification in ISH. We also provide a detailed, 1-day protocol for non-radioactive oligonucleotide ISH including signal amplification, which is suitable for diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, future directions of ISH including combined strategies of target and signal amplification as well as automation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050173
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative genomic hybridisation for the analysis of chromosomal imbalances in solid tumours and haematological malignancies (1997)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 108 (1997), S. 403-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is based on a two-colour, competitive fluorescence in situ hybridisation of differentially labelled tumour and reference DNA to normal metaphase chromosomes. This new technology has made a great impact in molecular tumour pathology due to its possible application to archival specimens and the ability to create copy number karyotypes throughout the whole genome from very small amounts of DNA. If chromosomal imbalances can be correlated with a etiological and clinical features of tumours, CGH could be able to provide new prognostic and diagnostic criteria. CGH findings further provide starting points for the molecular genetic characterisation of altered chromosomal regions harbouring yet unidentified genes involved in tumorigenesis and tumour progression. An overview of the results of published CGH studies on solid tumours and haematological malignancies is presented. Methodological limitations of the CGH technology are reported, as well as future developments which will improve its use in routine analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180050181
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrierte Gesundheitsförderung in Betrieben: Startschwierigkeiten und Lösungsvorschläge (1993)
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 38 (1993), S. S104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La promotion de santé intégrée dans les entreprises s'oriente aussi bien sur les besoins des employés que sur les besoins des entreprises; elle s'adresse au comportement de santé et aux conditions organisationelles et remplace des actions isolées par un processus permanent afin de faire de la santé des employés une partie intégrale de la politique opérationnelle de l'entreprise. Un des obstacles principaux semble être la méfiance entre les employés et les employeurs. Pour cette raison il est indispensable que durant ce processus, les deux parties sachent à quel point il s'agit d'adapter l'efficacité des employés aux besoins de l'organisation et à quel point il faut changer les conditions structurelles de l'entreprise en faveur du bien-être de ses employés. Une notion élargie de l'efficacité et de la perspective à long terme est discutée.
    Abstract: Summary Integrated worksite health promotion takes into account as well the demands of employees as those of the enterprises and at the same time applies to both, health behaviour and operational conditions of the companies. It is not restricted to a singular action but makes a continuous effort to promote the health of employees as an integrated part of employers' planning and politics. Apprehension between employers and employees seems to be one of the key obstacles of worksite health promotion. Therefore both sides have to keep negotiating to what extent health promotion has to improve efficiency of employees in respect to enterprises or how far operational conditions have to be adjusted to suit the well-being of personnel. A possible solution to solve this dilemma would be a widening of the conception of efficiency and incorporating of long-term thinking.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Integrierte betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung berücksichtigt die Bedürfnisse sowohl der Belegschaft wie auch des Betriebes. Sie setzt am Gesundheitsverhalten und den betrieblichen Verhältnissen an. Sie beschränkt sich nicht auf Einzelaktionen, sondern bemüht sich in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess darum, dass die Gesundheit der Belegschaft integrierter Bestandteil der Firmenpolitik wird und bleibt. Ein Haupthindernis betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung ist das gegenseitige Misstrauen von Betriebsleitung und Belegschaft. Deshalb müssen vor und während der eigentlichen Gesundheitsaktivitäten die interessierten Betroffenen und Beteiligten immer wieder aushandeln, inwiefern es darum geht, die Leistungsfähigkeit der Betriebsangehörigen den Anforderungen des Betriebes bzw. die betrieblichen Verhältnisse dem gesundheitlichen Wohlbefinden der Belegschaft anzupassen. Als Lösung dieses Dilemmas werden eine Erweiterung des Leistungsbegriffs und der Einbezug der Langzeitperspektive vorgeschlagen, was letztlich beiden Sozialpartnern zugute kommen dürfte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01305357
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