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  • Springer  (2,026)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative characterization of flaws near a surface using inverse born approximation (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Ultrasonics ; Born inversion ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative reconstruction of volumetric flaws near a surface of an elastic solid has been carried out experimentally by analyzing the scattered ultrasonic waves. The inverse Born approximation (developed for flaws in bulk materials) was tested for the first time in the determination of the size, shape, and orientation of near-surface flaws. We have studied spherical solid inclusions at various depths below the surface. In addition we examined an approximately 2:1 prolate spheroidal inclusion which was located one major axis below the surface. The determination of the flaw's size, shape, and orientation in terms of an equivalent ellipsoid is realized by performing nonlinear least-squares iteration of the one-dimensional Born inversion results obtained at various scattering directions within a finite aperture. The reconstruction is in good agreement with the actual parameters of the flaw.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565863
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model system for mineral facies in pelitic schists (1976)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 58 (1976), S. 243-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The system Na2O-K2O-Al2O2-SiO2-H2O contains many mineral phases of major importance in the diagenesis and metamorphism of shales and sandstones, as well as in felsic igneous rocks and their metamorphic derivatives. It is thus a useful model-system containing many of the key equilibria of concern in the genesis of such rocks. It is also a system for which extensive experimental and thermodynamic data are available. The discontinuous reactions among the phases quartz, albite, potassic feldspar, muscovite, paragonite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, kyanite, andalusite, sillimanite, jadeite and analcime have therefore been used to construct a model system for mineral facies in “pelitic” rocks. There appear to be fiftynine possible facies types, separated by forty-one discontinuities, only thirtysix of which are readily observed in the field. The continuous reactions, involving rotations of tie-line and displacements of three-phase triangles in the NaAlO2-KAlO2-Al2O3 projection from SiO2-H2O, may be formulated using either an Na or K end-member reaction together with Na-K exchange reactions between coexisting white micas, alkali feldspars and analcimes. The general stoichiometric coefficients for all likely discontinuous reactions have been evaluated in terms of mol fractions of end-members. Available experimental data have been used to calibrate the discontinuous equilibria for the limiting conditions of $$a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}$$ = 0 and $$a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}}$$ = 1. The (Na-K) facies types may be correlated with (Fe-Mg) facies types in pelitic rocks or with assemblages in mafic rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402355
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of foraging benefits on association of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) with cattle (1982)
    Springer
    Oecologia 52 (1982), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The degree of association between cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) and cattle was studied during one summer on Saint Catherines Island, Georgia, USA. Previous work by Grubb (1976) and others indicated that cattle egrets foraging with cattle require fewer steps and less time to catch prey than egrets foraging without cattle and single egrets catch prey at a higher rate than egrets foraging in groups of two or more with cattle. Accordingly, we predicted that when given a choice egrets should forage with cattle rather than alone, egrets should prefer to associate with standing rather than sitting cattle, and single egrets associated with cattle should be more common than expected by chance. In excess of two-thirds of the egrets accompanied cattle. Neither time of day nor month influenced the degree of association, but egrets in forest were more likely to be associated with cattle than egrets in pasture. Standing cattle were more likely to be accompanied by egrets than were sitting cattle. Single egrets occurred more frequently than expected by chance when accompanying standing cattle but not when associated with sitting cattle. Thus, cattle egrets usually distributed themselves among cattle in the way predicted by optimal foraging theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363831
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study of the double-stranded RNA drug polyI:PolyC12U in the treatment of HIV infection (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 15 (1996), S. 580-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind study the activity of polyI:polyC12U administered with zidovudine was evaluated in the treatment of HIV infection. Thirty-six HIV-positive, pre-AIDS individuals (100–500 CD4+ cells/mm3) who had had at least six months of zidovudine therapy received polyI:polyC12U (400 or 700 mg) or placebo twice weekly with zidovudine. PolyI:polyC12U subjects with baseline CD4+ counts≥300/mm3 showed a trend towards reduced CD4+ loss versus placebo recipients. PolyI:polyC12U subjects were more likely to exhibit positive delayed-type hypersensitivity responses than placebo recipients. Placebo subjects crossing over to polyI:polyC12U therapy demonstrated improved CD4+ and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. PolyI: polyC12U subjects with baseline CD4+ counts≥300/mm3 were less likely to develop AIDS than similar placebo subjects. PolyI:polyC12U therapy of HIV-positive subjects restored or stabilized immune function as indexed by delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity and, in individuals with CD4+ counts〉300/mm3, abrogated CD4+ loss and reduced disease progression. PolyI:polyC12U was generally well-tolerated in this zidovudine-treated population. No subject discontinued therapy due to an adverse reaction or aberrant laboratory parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: mucopolysaccharide excretion studies (1982)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 1 (1982), S. 281-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda ; Mucopolysaccharide Excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sex linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda is described in a family with four affected members. The characteristic features of short trunk, hip disease, and flattening of the vertebrae with a posterior ”hump” were present. Urinary mucopolysaccharides were characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively and were within normal values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032087
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glacial records of Global climate: A 1500-year tropical ice core record of climate (1994)
    Springer
    Human ecology 22 (1994), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: climate variability ; ice core ; Quelccaya ice cap ; raised fields ; tropical ; El Niño-Southern oscillation ; “recent warming”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract A general discussion is given of climate variability over the last 1500 years as interpreted from two ice cores from the Quelccaya ice cap, Peru. The possible role of climatic variability in prehistory over this period is discussed with emphases on (1) relationships between climate and the rise and decline of coastal and highland cultures; (2) the possible causes of two major dust events recorded in the Quelccaya ice cores around AD 920 and AD 600; and (3) implications of climatic variation for the occupation and abandonment of the Gran Pajaten area. The remarkable similarity between changes in highland and coastal cultures and changes in accumulation as determined from the Quelccaya ice cores implies a strong connection between human activities and climate in this region of the globe. Two ice cores drilled to bedrock from the 6047 masl col of Huascarán in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1993 offer the potential of an annual to decadal climatic and environmental record which should allow the study of human-climate and human-environmental relationships over 10,000+ years. The 1991 and 1993 evidence from the Quelccaya ice cap indicates that recent and rapid warming is currently underway in the tropical Andes. Thus many of the unique glacier archives are in imminent danger of being lost forever.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02168764
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The divergence theorem and the Laplacian in Minkowski space (1996)
    Springer
    Geometriae dedicata 63 (1996), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Keywords: 52A21 ; Minkowski space ; divergence ; Laplacian ; elliptic operator ; ellipsoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let (X, B) be a Minkowski space (finite-dimensional Banach space) with unit ball B. Using a Minkowski definition of unit normal to a hypersurface, a Minkowski analogue of Euclidean divergence is defined. We show that the divergence theorem holds. Using the Minkowski divergence, a Minkowski Laplacian is defined. We prove that this Laplacian is a second-order, constant-coefficient, elliptic, differential operator. Furthermore, the symbol of this Laplacian is computed and used to associate a natural Euclidean structure with (X, B).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148216
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wisconsin/Würm glacial stage ice in the subtropical dunde ice cap, China (1988)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 17 (1988), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract The insoluble microparticle concentrations and size distributions and oxygen isotope abundances (δ18 0) in two 1-meter ice cores from the margin of the Dunde ice cap (38° 06 'N; 96° 24 'E; 5325 masl) drilled in 1986 and three ice cores drilled to bedrock at the summit of the ice cap in 1987 suggest the presence of Wisconsin/Würm Glacial Stage (LWGS) ice in the subtropics. A Sino-American research group recovered three ice cores 136, 138 and 139 m in length from the summit of the Dunde ice cap in the Qilian Shan which are providing long, high temporal resolution climatic and environmental records for the NE section of the Tibetan Highlands. Particulate concentrations, conductivity and δ18 0 are the ice core constituents best established as indicators of the glacial/interglacial transition. The analyses of two shallow cores from the margin reveal a 14-fold increase in particulate concentration which is correlative with a 1% to 5% decrease (more negative) in δ18 0. The lower 10 to 13 m of three ice cores drilled to bedrock at the summit contain a ten-fold increase in dust (both soluble and insoluble) and a 1.2% decrease in oxygen isotopes. Additionally, the morphological properties of the particles in the LWGS ice are identical to those of the thick, extensive loess deposits of central china which accumulated during the cold, dry glacial stages of the Pleistocene. When the climatic and environmental records are fully extracted from the three deep cores they will provide a very detailed record of variations in particulates (soluble and insoluble), stable isotopes, net balance, pollen and perhaps atmospheric gases of CO2 and methane through the Holocene into the last glacial in the subtropics on the climatically important Tibetan Plateau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209440
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction and characterisation of a yeast artificial chromosome library containing three haploid maize genome equivalents (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cloning in YACs ; genome mapping ; maize ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have constructed a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library using high-molecular-weight DNA prepared from agarose-embedded leaf protoplasts of the maize inbred line UE95. This library contains 79 000 clones with an average insert size of 145 kb and should therefore represent approximately three haploid genome equivalents. The library is organised as an ordered array in duplicate microtitre plates. Forty-one pools of DNA from 1920 individual clones have been prepared for rapid screening of the library by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using this approach, together with conventional colony hybridisation, we have been able to identify between one and eight positive clones for every probe used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027351
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of feeding stimulants for boll weevils from cotton buds and anthers (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1229-1238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Boll weevil ; Anthonomus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; feeding stimulants ; cotton buds ; anthers ; phytol ; geranylgeraniol esters ; phytol oleate ; phytol dodecanoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Column chromatography of the pentane extract of freeze-dried cotton buds or anthers yielded a wax-sterol ester fraction that exhibited potent feeding stimulant activity for the cotton boll weevil. The waxes of the wax-sterol ester mixture were responsible for the feeding activity. Saponification of the wax-sterol ester fraction yielded about 15% alcohols and 85% sterols. A C18∶1 alcohol, dihydrophytol, phytol, and geranylgeraniol constituted 15, 36, 26, and 23%, respectively, of the total alcohols, implicating certain of their long-chain esters as feeding stimulants. Several esters of dihydrophytol, phytol, and geranylgeraniol were identified among the waxes by GC-MS. Certain phytol, geranylgeraniol, and oleyl alcohol esters containing C12 to C26 acid moieties were synthesized and were found to induce high feeding stimulant activity in the cotton boll weevil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024111
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