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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial activity in the terrestrial subsurface (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 797-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Aquifers ; groundwater ; deep subsurface microorganisms ; eukaryotes ; prokaryotes ; microbial metabolism ; oligotrophic conditions ; xenobiotic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Little is known about the layers under the earth's crust. Only in recent years have techniques for sampling the deeper subsurface been developed to permit investigation of the subsurface environment. Prevailing conditions in the subsurface habitat such as nutrient availability, soil composition, redox potential, permeability and a variety of other factors can influence the microflora that flourish in a given environment. Microbial diversity varies between geological formations, but in general sandy soils support growth better than soils rich in clay. Bacteria predominate in subsurface sediments, while eukaryotes constitute only 1–2% of the microorganisms. Recent investigations revealed that most uncontaminated subsurface soils support the growth of aerobic heteroorganotrophic bacteria, but obviously anaerobic microorganisms also exist in the deeper subsurface habitat. The microorganisms residing below the surface of the earth are capable of degrading both natural and xenobiotic contaminants and can thereby adapt to growth under polluted conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935528
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic chemicals through anaerobic microbial conversion of lignin monomers (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 167-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Large efforts are directed towards production of ethanol from cellulosic biomass in order to reduce our dependence on petroleum based ethylene. No satisfactory process exists to date, however, which would make the aromatic molecules present in wood available to economic exploitation. A combination of physicochemical pretreatment of lignocellulose and selective microbial conversion of the mixture of aromatic monomers into a few phenolic products is outlined. Anaerobic microbial communities are employed since they offer thermodynamic and physiological characteristics necessary for efficient conversion. Under anaerobic conditions most of the carbon and energy initially present in the substrate can be recovered as useful products; oxidative losses as CO2 and H2O are minimized. The 3,4-disubstituted aromatic lignin monomers are converted to catechol while 3,4,5-trisubstituted monomers are mineralized to CH4 and CO2. Further studies are directed towards an understanding of the physiological functions of the populations participating in the conversion process, the reason for catechol recalcitrance and the tolerance of the community towards phenolic endproducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945070
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave evaluation of the conductive filler particles of carbon black-rubber composites (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20 ; 73.40 ; 82.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Samples of carbon black loaded nitrile rubber are measured at microwave frequencies (waveguide transmission and reflection). The observed dielectric relaxation is interpreted using a two phase effective medium model (Böttcher formula). The two phases are identified with free rubber as insulating matrix and a conductive filler of a priori unknown parameters (volume fraction, permittivity, conductivity). Supported by SEM and de measurements the results allow to associate the filler phase with adsorbate covered carbon black. In this way the bulk conductivity of carbon black loaded rubber can be explained by (statistical) percolation, which has been not possible taking pure carbon black particles as the percolating elements. Because the effective conductivity of the filler particles deduced from the microwave measurements characterizes mainly the particles' surface it is supposed that the adsorbate may become conductive by the chemical and physical interactions of polymer and carbon black during the preparation of the composite. Reference is made to the doping of rubber resulting in conductivities of the same order of magnitude.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324345
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoskopische Operation des Bandscheibenvorfalls (1999)
    Springer
    Arthroskopie 12 (1999), S. 74-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3924
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transforaminale endoskopische Bandscheibenoperation ; Bandscheibenvorfall ; Foraminoskopie ; Key words Transforaminal endoscopic spinal disc surgery ; Spinal disc herniation ; Foraminoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Transforaminal endoscopic spinal disc surgery is one of the newer minimal invasive percutaneous procedures for treatment of lumbar disc hernias. Both non-sequestered and sequestered hernias can be treated with this method. From January 1995 to December 1997 we conducted endoscopic discotomies in levels L3 to S1 in 80 patients. The patients were chosen according to strict indications. Initially local anesthesia was administered; as the learning curve grew spinal anesthesia was used. The results show that this method is effective and pathology targeted. Healthy tissue is conserved and the risk of postoperative fibrosis is low.
    Notes: Die endoskopische Bandscheibenoperation durch das Neuroforamen stellt eine der neueren minimalinvasiven, perkutanen Techniken in der operativen Therapie der lumbalen Bandscheibenvorfälle dar. Sowohl nichtsequestrierte als auch sequestrierte Bandscheibenvorfälle sind mit diesem Verfahren therapierbar. Von Januar 1995– Dezember 1997 wurde eine endoskopische Diskotomie an 80 Patienten in den Etagen L3–S1 ausgeführt. Die Patienten wurden anhand von bestimmten Ein- und Ausschlußkriterien sorgfältig ausgesucht. Die Eingriffe erfolgten anfänglich in Lokalanästhesie, mit zunehmender Erfahrung in Spinalanästhesie. Die bisher vorliegenden Ergebnisse sprechen für eine suffiziente, pathologiegezielte Prolapsbehandlung mit weitgehender Erhaltung der Restbandscheibe und geringerer postoperativer Fibrosierung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001420050075
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Größe und das Wachstum der Hornhaut im Kindesalter (1925)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 116 (1925), S. 288-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01853094
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Wachstum von Polymerketten im Kristallgitter des Monomeren (1972)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 250 (1972), S. 1158-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01498899
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of pyridine and 3-hydroxypyridine under aerobic, denitrifying and sulfate-reducing conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 292-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pyridine metabolism ; hydroxypyridines ; anaerobiosis ; denitrifying conditions ; sulfate-reducing conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The transformation of pyridine and several hydroxypyridines was investigated under different physiological conditions. Pyridine and 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxypyridine were metabolized aerobically within 9 days in a mineral salt medium inoculated with 10% sewage sludge. Under anaerobic conditions in the presence of nitrate or sulfate, pyridine and 3-hydroxypyridine were metabolized after a lag period of 2 months, while no transformation of 2- or 4-hydroxypyridine was detected. Experiments with14C-labeled-pyridine showed that under denitrifying as well as under sulfate-reducing conditions pyridine was oxidized to carbon dioxide. Disappearance of nitrate and sulfate under anaerobic conditions was 79% and 85%, respectively, of the amount predicted from the stoichiometric equation for the complete transformation of pyridine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958164
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of trace metal accumulation in teeth using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. S179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 32.30Jc; 42.62Be; 42.62Fi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The technique of laser ablation is receiving increasing attention for applications in dentistry, specifically for the treatment of teeth (e.g. drilling of micro-holes and plaque removal). In the process of ablation a luminous micro-plasma is normally generated which may be exploited for elemental analysis. Here we report on quantitative Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis to study the presence of trace minerals in teeth. A selection of teeth of different age groups has been investigated, ranging from the first teeth of infants, through the second teeth of children, to adults to trace the influence of environmental factors on the accumulation of a number of elements in teeth. We found a close link between elements detected in tooth fillings and toothpastes with those present in teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003399900277
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regularization in ellipsometry (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 02.60.Nm ; 07.60.Fs ; 78.20.−e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The continuous variation of the refractive index with the depth in the vicinity of surfaces can be determined by ellipsometry without destroying the object of measurements. The presented method does not impress any given structure to the profile and is applicable to just the range of layer thicknesses interesting to optics (about λ/4 to λ/2). The theoretical approach to interpret the measured data leads to an integral equation that is numerically inverted by regularization to filter out the destabilizing effects of measurement errors. The regularizing operator and regularization parameter responsible for this “filtering” are founded on physical arguments and experiment, respectively. These results can be transferred to other regularization problems based on quantities related to volume (e.g. density, temperature).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692332
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ellipsometric measurement of magnetooptical nonreciprocal effects (1986)
    Springer
    Applied physics 39 (1986), S. 15-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60.Fs ; 78.20.Ls ; 42.60.-v
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract To detect small rotation rates with a ring laser the two counter-propagating beams must be uncoupled. This lock-off can be realized using nonreciprocal optical effects yielding different optical path lengths for the two waves. Usually magnetooptical effects are employed for nonreciprocity. To measure, instead of calculating from optical constants, the magnitude of this nonreciprocal effects an ellipsometric method is proposed. Lock-off elements using Faraday or Kerr effect (polar and transverse, respectively) are treated. First measurements were made on FeNi films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695587
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