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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further evidence for a cAMP dependent regulation of tyrosine-3-monoxygenase induction in adrenal medulla (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 287 (1975), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): 3′,5′-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ; Adenylate Cyclase ; Tyrosine-3-Mono-Oxygenase ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Choline Acetyltransferase ; Denervated Adrenal Medulla
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Unilateral adrenal denervation caused a gradual decrease of adenylate cyclase activity in rat adrenal medulla. The extent of the increase in adrenal medullary 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content elicited by injections of carbamylcholine declined gradually following adrenal denervation. Three or nine days after denervation carbamylcholine caused rise of cAMP and a delayed increase of tyrosine-3-mono-oxygenase (TH) activity of similar magnitude in intact and denervated adrenal medullae. However, after an interval of 15 days or longer following denervation the increase in TH activity elicited by carbamylcholine was greatly reduced. These results support previous proposals that cAMP is involved as a second messenger in the trans-synaptic induction of TH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00510452
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the mechanism of the decrease in cerebellar cyclic GMP content elicited by opiate receptor agonists (1977)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 296 (1977), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebellum ; cGMP ; Morphine ; Mossy fibers ; Climbing fibers ; Striatum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Morphine, dextromoramide (4 μmol/kg i.p.) and vimonol R2 (17 μmol/kg i.p.) in analgesic doses (28 to 112 μmol/kg i.p.) decreased 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in rat cerebellar cortex; morphine also decreased the cGMP content in deep cerebellar nuclei. Intrastriatal but not intracerebellar injections of morphine (20 μg) decreased cerebellar cGMP content. Naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, but not apomorphine, a dopaminergic receptor agonist, blocked the effect of morphine on cerebellar cGMP. Pretreatment with 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) which destroys the climbing fibers, failed to antagonize the effect of morphine on cerebellar cGMP. These results suggest that activation of opiate receptors in striatum decreases cerebellar cGMP content presumably by reducing activity in the mossy fiber excitatory input to cerebellum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508462
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Staging of thoracic lymphoma by radiological imaging (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1179-1189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Chest ; lymphoma ; Lymphoma ; CT ; Lymphoma ; MRI ; Lymphoma ; radionuclide studies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Thoracic lymphomas, which are very common especially in Hodgkin's disease patients, are characterised by enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes, parenchymal abnormalities, and pleural, pericardial and chest wall involvement. The use of several imaging techniques has been proposed in order to assess the extent of the disease correctly and to plan therapy. The most relevant results in this field, especially those using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gallium scanning, are summarised in this review. Presently CT is widely and successfully used in staging patients, whereas MRI seems to be preferable, as a second-step technique, if pericardial, pleural and chest wall involvement are suspected. The role of gallium scanning is limited in the staging, although it could be relevant in the follow-up of treated patients.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050271
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Association between the increase of cAMP content and the trans-synaptic induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat adrenal medulla (1976)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 295 (1976), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Reserpine ; cAMP ; Protein kinase ; Dexamethasone ; Adrenal medulla and cortex
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary When dexamethasone 0.25 or 2.5 μmole/kg i.p. was injected 2 h before reserpine (16 μmol/kg i.p.) the time course of the increase in cAMP content of rat adrenal medulla was changed. Reserpine alone caused a monophasic increase lasting between 1–2 h; reserpine after dexamethasone caused a biphasic increase: the immediate response, lasting between 15 and 30 min, was followed by a secondary increase beginning 2–3 h after reserpine and lasting for several hours. The overall increase in cAMP content elicited by reserpine during the 8 h following injection remained unchanged or was even increased, depending on the dose of dexamethasone. Pretreatment with dexamethasone, which delayed the increase in cAMP, also delayed the activation and translocation of protein kinase and the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase caused by reserpine in adrenal medulla. The action of reserpine on the cAMP content of adrenal medulla required an intact innervation and did not appear to be related to increased secretion of ACTH from pituitary. In denervated adrenals reserpine failed to increase the cAMP content of the medulla but not that of the cortex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499445
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 996-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Lung ; Neoplasms ; CT ; Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is a histologically distinct form of pulmonary adenocarcinoma representing an estimated 2–10 % of all primary lung cancers. Its varied appearances include focal masses, nodular patterns, and pneumonic and diffuse forms so that bronchioloalveolar carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules and acute or chronic alveolar diseases. In this article we describe the different radiographic manifestations of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with particular emphasis on CT findings and those signs that may help in identifying the lesion as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050504
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Involvement of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the increase of tyrosine hydroxylase activity elicited by cold exposure (1973)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 278 (1973), S. 195-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): cAMP ; Tyrosine Hydroxylase ; Adrenal Medulla ; Cold Exposure ; Catecholamine Turnover
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We studied the relationship between changes of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in adrenal medulla of rats exposed to cold stress. Exposure of rats to 4° C produced a ten-fold increase of the cAMP content of adrenal medulla in about 30 min. This increase persisted for about one hour; the levels of cAMP returned to control value within 120 min in spite of the continued exposure to 4° C. In rats with monolaterally denervated (splanchnicotomized) adrenal, the exposure to 4° C produced only insignificant changes of cAMP concentration. During the exposure to 4° C we also observed an increase (about two times) of catecholamine turnover rate as measured by 3H-dopamine efflux from adrenal glands. This increased efflux persisted for 6 h of exposure to cold suggesting that the efflux of 3H-dopamine can increase without a simultaneous increase of cAMP concentrations. Exposure of rats to 4° C for two hour also increases (about two times) the TH activity as measured 24 h later. Exposure of the animals to 4° C for a time period longer than two hour (4 or 24 h) failed to produce further increases of TH activity. These results support the concept that the increase of cAMP concentrations in adrenal medulla may play a central role in initiating the chain of biochemical events modulating the synthesis of TH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500650
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Association between increase in cyclic AMP and subsequent induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in rat adrenal medulla (1974)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 282 (1974), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic GMP ; Swimming Stress ; Hypothermia ; Tyrosine Hydroxylase ; Adrenal Medulla
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After male rats (100 g body weight) have completed 7 min of swimming at 15°C, their rectal temperature is decreased by 15°C. As expected, the increase of cAMP and the decrease of cGMP concentrations in adrenal medulla are delayed by the time period necessary for the body temperature to return to normal. Thus, taking into consideration the delaying effect of hypothermia, the swimming stress experiments are in agreement with the view that the enhancement of cyclic AMP/cGMP concentration ratios may function as the second messengers for the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in adrenal medulla.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499036
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence for an involvement of GABA in the mediation of the cerebellar cGMP decrease and the anticonvulsant action of diazepam (1975)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 289 (1975), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): cGMP ; Isoniazid ; Cerebellum ; GABA ; Picrotoxin ; Diazepam ; Convulsions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Subcutaneous injections of isoniazid or picrotoxin increase the cerebellar content of 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) without changing the 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP. This increase was dose dependent and the threshold for the cGMP increase was lower than that for convulsions. In cerebellum the increase of cGMP content elicited by isoniazid but not that caused by picrotoxin was paralleled by a decrease of GABA content. Diazepam doses starting from 1.74 μmol/kg intraperitoneally produced a dose dependent decrease of cerebellar cGMP concentration without changing cAMP or GABA content. Smaller doses of diazepam (0.5 μmol/kg i.p.) failed to decrease the basal cerebellar content of cGMP. However, this dose of diazepam antagonized the increase of cGMP produced by isoniazid but not that produced by picrotoxin. Higher doses of diazepam were necessary to block the increase of cerebellar cGMP elicited by picrotoxin. Low doses of diazepam (0.14 μmol/kg) antagonized the convulsions in 50% of the rats injected with 3.3 mmol/kg of isoniazid. The doses of diazepam required to block picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol or strychnine convulsions were 7, 25 and 40 times higher than those required to block isoniazid convulsions, respectively. Desmethyldiazepam, chloridiazepoxide, oxazepam were also several times more potent in antagonizing isoniazid than picrotoxin, pentylenetetrazol, or strychnine convulsions. In contrast, barbiturates were equipotent against all the convulsants studied. These experiments suggest that diazepam may act in the CNS either by altering the disposition of endogenous GABA or by mimicking the action of GABA at specific synaptic receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508411
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Endogenous inhibitors of Na+-independent [3H]GABA binding to crude synaptic membranes (1981)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 6 (1981), S. 551-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The characteristics of the Na+-independent high-affinity binding of [3H]GABA to various types of crude synaptic membranes (CSM) prepared from rat brain cortex were studied. In freshly prepared CSM the content of GABA was so high that the high-affinity [3H]GABA binding could not be determined. In contrast when the frozen-thawed CSM were incubated at 37° for 30 min with or without Triton X-100 or phospholipase C and then washed repeatedly, there was a virtual disappearance of GABA from the supernatant extracts and the binding constants of [3H]GABA to CSM could be determined. Two apparent populations of [3H]GABA binding sites, one with a low- and the other with a high-affinity constant, were detected. The ratio of the number of high- to low-affinity binding sites varies with the method used to prepare the membranes. The lowest value of this ratio was observed with membranes incubated at 37° for 30 min. However, when frozen-thawed CSM were treated with 0.05% Triton X-100 repeatedly, the ratio of the number of high- to low-affinity binding sites increased progressively. This increase in ratio is due to a selective increase in the number of the high-affinity sites without significant changes in the number of the low-affinity sites. The extent of the increase in the number of sites that bind [3H]GABA with high affinity after repeated Triton X-100 treatments was paralleled by a decrease of an endogenous protein which inhibits GABA binding. The reapplication of this endogenous material to membranes repeatedly treated with Triton X-100 reduces the number of high-affinity binding sites for [3H]GABA to values similar to those measured in membranes that were not treated with Triton X-100. The inhibitory preparation extracted from CSM incubated with Triton X-100 was shown to be free of GABA or phospholipids. The gel filtration chromatography reveals the presence of two molecular forms of the inhibitor; of these, the high-molecular-weight material fails to bind GABA, whereas the low-molecular-weight material appears to bind GABA. The high-molecular-weight endogenous inhibitor has been termed GABA modulin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964393
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Action of harmaline and diazepam on the cerebellar content of cyclic GMP and on the activities of two endogenous inhibitors of protein kinase (1979)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 4 (1979), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The rat cerebellum contains a significant amount of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cAMP-dependent and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases, and a large concentration of protein kinase inhibitors. These inhibitors are thermostable proteins which can be separated by gel chromatography into two molecular forms: the type 1 and type 2 inhibitors of protein kinase (14). The type 1 inhibitor blocks the rat cerebellar cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity while the type 2 inhibitor blocks the cGMP-dependent protein kinase, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and the cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases. The activity of the type 2 inhibitor increased or decreased in opposite direction to changes of cerebellar cGMP content generated by injection of 10 mg/kg harmaline or 2.5 mg diazepam. No changes of type 1 inhibitor were observed under these conditions. The drug-induced shift of type 2 inhibitor of protein kinase was not mediated by changes in protein synthesis because it persisted after pretreatment with cycloheximide. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that cGMP modulates phosphorylation in cerebellum by changing the relationship between cGMP-dependent protein kinase and type 2 inhibitor content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964143
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