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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 85-94 
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using Weddell Sea data collected during a cruise with “FS Polarstern” in austral summer 1992/1993, depletions of nutrients and TCO2 in the summer surface layer were calculated. The analogous depletion-like properties for temperature (Heat Storage) and salinity were also computed. The latter properties are useful to describe the physical conditions over the time period pertinent to the depletions. For different areas a strong correlation exists of Heat Storage and nutrient/TCO2 depletions, which is caused by a common factor – the period of light availability. Offshore of the Larsen shelf, an area usually inaccessible due to perennial ice cover, high nutrients/TCO2 depletions are achieved over a short period of time, pointing to a rapidly producing biological system. Primary productivity, calculated from the TCO2 depletion, amounts to about 100 mg C m−2 day−1 for the central Weddell Sea, but 570–1140 mg C m−2 day−1 for the offshore Larsen region. These values agree fairly well with the open-ocean Antarctic and other coastal areas, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Ocean dynamics 40 (1987), S. 141-155 
    ISSN: 1616-7228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand einer Reihe von neun XBT-Schnitten wird die Beständigkeit der Hauptmerkmale des Nordatlantischen Stromes betrachtet. Ein großer Mäander zwischen dem Kontinentalabhang vor Neufundland und der westlichen Flanke des Mittelatlantischen Rückens ist in allen Schnitten zu finden, die dieses Gebiet kreuzen. An der westlichen Flanke des Rückens scheint der Strom der Bodentopographie nach Süden zu folgen, um an der östlichen Flanke nach Norden zurückzuschwenken. Mesoskalige Schwankungen sind dem großskaligen Strom überlagert. Ihre Wellenlänge von etwa 200 km ändert sich nicht signifikant in den verschiedenen Schnitten östlich des Rückens. Die durch Satellit verfolgten Kurse von vier Driftbojen, die über der östlichen Flanke des Rückens ausgelegt wurden, legen nahe, daß die mesoskaligen Fluktuationen, die in diesem Gebiet beobachtet werden, aus Mäandern bestehen, die sich abtrennen und geschlossene Ringe bilden können. Die Trajektorien der Bojen sind offenbar mit den Tiefenlinien korreliert. Obwohl sich die horizontalen Gradienten mit den Jahreszeiten und der hydrographischen Situation ändern, sind die großskaligen Temperaturmerkmale lokal beständig.
    Abstract: Résumé Une série de 9 coupes bathythermiques (XBT) est utilisée pour étudier la persistance dans le régime général du Courant Atlantique Nord. Un grand méandre situé entre le Talus Continental de Terre Neuve et le flanc Ouest de la Dorsale Médio Atlantique est observé sur toutes les coupes intéressant cette zone. Sur le flanc Ouest de la Dorsale, le courant semble au Sud suivre la Topographie et revient au Nord le long du flanc Est de la dorsale. Des fluctations à meso échelle se superposent au régime de courant à grande échelle. A l'Est de la Dorsale, l'échelle de longueur de 200 km ne varie pas significativement. Les traces de 4 bouées dérivantes poursuites par satellites mises à l'eau sur le flanc Est de la Dorsale suggèrent que les fluctuations à meso échelle observées dans cette zone sont constituées de méandres qui peuvent se séparer du flux général et former des anneaux fermés. Les trajectoires des bouées semblent indiquer une corrélation avec la forme des isobathes. Bien que les gradients horizontaux varient en fonction des saisons et de la bathymètrie, le régime des températures à grande échelle est localement persistant.
    Notes: Summary A series of nine XBT sections is used to study the persistence in the general pattern of the North Atlantic Current. A large meander between the Newfoudland Continental Slope and the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic-Ridge is found in all sections crossing this area. On the western flank of the ridge the current seems to follow the topography to the south and shifts back to the north on the eastern flank. Mesoscale fluctuations are superimposed to the large scale current. East of the ridge, their length scales of 200 km do not vary significantly in the different sections. Four satellite tracked drifting buoys, launched on the eastern flank of the ridge, suggest that the mesoscale fluctuations observed in that area consist of meanders which can separate and form closed rings. The trajectories of the buoys seem to correlate with the depth contours. Although the horizontal gradients vary due to different seasons and hydrographic situations, the large scale temperature pattern is locally persistent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: In the early 1980s, Germany started a new era of modern Antarctic research. The Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) was founded and important research platforms such as the German permanent station in Antarctica, today called Neumayer III, and the research icebreaker Polarstern were installed. The research primarily focused on the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In parallel, the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) started a priority program ‘Antarctic Research’ (since 2003 called SPP-1158) to foster and intensify the cooperation between scientists from different German universities and the AWI as well as other institutes involved in polar research. Here, we review the main findings in meteorology and oceanography of the last decade, funded by the priority program. The paper presents field observations and modelling efforts, extending from the stratosphere to the deep ocean. The research spans a large range of temporal and spatial scales, including the interaction of both climate components. In particular, radiative processes, the interaction of the changing ozone layer with large-scale atmospheric circulations, and changes in the sea ice cover are discussed. Climate and weather forecast models provide an insight into the water cycle and the climate change signals associated with synoptic cyclones. Investigations of the atmospheric boundary layer focus on the interaction between atmosphere, sea ice and ocean in the vicinity of polynyas and leads. The chapters dedicated to polar oceanography review the interaction between the ocean and ice shelves with regard to the freshwater input and discuss the changes in water mass characteristics, ventilation and formation rates, crucial for the deepest limb of the global, climate-relevant meridional overturning circulation. They also highlight the associated storage of anthropogenic carbon as well as the cycling of carbon, nutrients and trace metals in the ocean with special emphasis on the Weddell Sea.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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