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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradise Threatened: Land Use and Erosion on St. John, US Virgin Islands (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental management 21 (1997), S. 851-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: KEY WORDS: Erosion; Sediment yield; Roads; Dry tropics; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: 2 /yr, respectively. Geomorphic evidence indicates that plantation agriculture during the 18th and 19th centuries did not cause severe erosion. Since about 1950 there has been rapid growth in roads and development due to increasing tourism and second-home development. Our field investigations identified the approximately 50 km of unpaved roads as the primary source of anthropogenic sediment. Field measurements of the road network in two catchments led to the development of a vector-based GIS model to predict road surface erosion and sediment delivery. We estimate that road erosion has caused at least a fourfold increase in island-wide sediment yields and that current sedimentation rates are unprecedented. Paving the dirt roads and implementing standard sediment control practices can greatly reduce current sediment yields and possible adverse effects on the marine ecosystems surrounding St. John.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900072
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encystment ofChattonella antiqua in laboratory cultures (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 46 (1990), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Cysts ofChattonella antiqua (Raphidophyceae) were obtained in laboratory cultures for the first time. They were formed on the surface of glass coverslips added to both P- and N- depleted mediums. The yield was 50–250 cysts cm−2. Crossing experiments showed the highest cyst production in mixed cultures, although cysts were observed in clonal cultures as well. Cysts had approximately double the DNA content of synchronously growing vegetative cells (G1 phase). The encystment process was also monitored: Under P-depleted conditions, ‘small cells’ were formed that fused to become a ‘triangle’-shaped cell which in turn changed into a cyst. These results strongly suggest that cysts are the products of fusion and are diploid. ‘Small cells’, ‘triangle’-shaped cells, and cysts are considered to be gametes, planozygotes, and hypnozygotes, respectively. Significant mortality was observed in laboratory cysts stored in the cold and dark for five months, although those remaining were capable of germination to reestablish a motile, vegetative population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02124813
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harvesting of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Ralfs ex Born. & Flah. var. flos-aquae (Cyanobacteria) from Klamath Lake for human dietary use (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 12 (2000), S. 585-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Aphanizomenon flos-aquae ; biomass ; blue-green algae ; cyanobacteria ; food ; harvesting ; Klamath Lake ; quality control ; waterbloom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In western cultures, certain cyanobacteria have beenan accepted source of microalgal biomass for food forabout 30 years, in particular Spirulina(Arthrospira) platensis and S. maxima. Beginning in the early 1980s, another species, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was adopted for similaruses. This is harvested from Upper Klamath Lake, thelargest freshwater lake system in Oregon. In 1998 theannual commercial production of Aphanizomenonflos-aquae was about 1 × 106 kg. Since thisspecies is not cultured like Spirulina inoutdoor ponds or raceways, it requires very differentprocedures for harvesting and processing. These arereviewed here and include extensive off-lake screensor on-lake barges, which dewater and concentrate thecells. Other procedures, such as those for removal ofdetritus and mineral materials, and those formonitoring and reducing the amounts of certaincontaminant cyanobacteria, which can producecyanotoxins, have also become important in qualitycontrol and marketing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026506713560
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