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  • Springer  (3,194)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (333)
Document type
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik 13 (1962), S. 613-620 
    ISSN: 1420-9039
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 1218-1220 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 144-148 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.70.-a ; 78.20.-e
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescence at 3 μm and 545 nm in a YAlO3:Er (30 at.%) crystal has been measured as a function of wavelength, intensity and polarization for the excitation in the 800 nm wavelength region. Emission at 545 nm is an indicator of losses for 3 μm emission due to excited-state absorption and upconversion. The experimental results allow to determine the excitation mechanisms, the upconversion coefficient W 2 and the optimum pump wavelengths to generate 3 μm radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 131-134 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.55. Wd ; 42.81. -i ; 42.81.Qb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A neodymium-doped side-pumped double-clad fiber laser operating at 1.06 µm is described. We report here, what is, to our knowledge, the first exclusively repetitive side-pumping scheme with two monomode laser diodes. Side-pumping has been realized by prism-fiber couplers. A pump-light-loss analysis at the pump positions has been performed. An output power of 13.5 mW is obtained with both diode lasers. The highest slope efficiency of 66% with respect to absorbed pump power at 809 nm is achieved when pumping with only one diode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aspirin® ; Coronary Bypass ; Coronary Heart Disease ; Platlets ; Platlet Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASS) (100 mg/d, starting 24 h after operation) on vein graft patency. Sixty of 88 patients having undergone surgery entered the study; in 24 of 31 patients in the placebo group and 22 of 29 patients in the ASS-group angiography was performed 4 months postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, number of diseased vessels or previous myocardial infarctions. Mean number of grafts per patient was 2,2 (placebo) and 1,8 (ASS) for proximal anastomoses (p〈0.10) and 3.4 (placebo) and 2.6 (ASS) for distal anastomoses (p〈0.05). Graft occlusion rate for proximal anastomoses was less in the ASS-group, 10% (4/40), as compared with placebo 32% (17/53) (p〈0.05). Graft occlusion rate for distal anastomoses was also less in the ASS group, 19% (11/57) as compared to 35% (28/81) in the placebo group (p〈0.10). All grafts were patent in 16/22 patients in the ASS group but only in 9/24 in the placebo group (p〈0.05). On designation of patients without postoperative angiograms but cardiovascular events as well as those with at least one graft occluded as “failures”, the incidence of the latter was 9/29 in the ASS group and 20/31 in the placebo group (p〈0.05). Early postoperative bleeding was similar in both groups, no side effects of ASS were observed. In this trial with initiation of low — dose ASS therapy 24 h after operation, antiplatlet therapy reduced the graft occlusion rate significantly.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mukoviszidose ; Zystische Fibrose ; Menschliches Nasalepithel ; Epithelialer Na+-Kanal ; Cl ; -Sekretion ; Key words Cystic fibrosis ; Human nasal epithelium ; Epithelial Na+ channels ; Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ; Cl ; secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most commonly inherited disease in Caucasians and is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding a membrane transport protein. This cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is thought to be an apical Cl– channel activated by intracellular cAMP. Most recent findings suggest that CFTR is more than a pure Cl– channel and might be involved in the regulation of other transport systems. In the present study we show that CFTR as a Cl– channel plays only a minor role in primary cultured human nasal epithelium derived from non-CF and CF patients. These findings are especially of interest for non-CF human nasal epithelia in which CFTR is correctly inserted. In both tissues Cl– secretion is negligible as compared with Na+ absorption. We confirm and expand our previous observations that Na+ absorption in human nasal epithelium is the dominant ion transport process and that Cl– secretion is detectable in both CF and non-CF tissue. Moreover, we show that cAMP and ATP were not able to stimulate any silent Cl– channels in CF or non-CF human nasal epithelial cells. We further give evidence that in human nasal CF and non-CF epithelium Na+ absorption is mediated by epithelial Na+ channels (ENaC) that are either different from those of other epithelia or which exhibit altered regulation. These differences between Na+ channels of human nasal epithelium and ”classical” epithelial Na+ channels include lack of activation by the intracellular second messenger cAMP and the steroid hormone aldosterone. We show further that human nasal Na+ channels are inhibited by Cl–-channel blockers and exhibit a different pharmacology towards common Na+ channel blockers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mukoviszidose [zystische Fibrose (CF)] ist die häufigste Erbkrankheit in der kaukasischen Bevölkerung. Sie wird hervorgerufen durch Mutation eines Gens, welches für ein membranständiges Transportprotein kodiert, den „cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator” (CFTR). Dieser CFTR ist in der apikalen Membran von Epithelzellen lokalisiert und fungiert dort als cAMP-aktivierbarer Cl–-Kanal. Neuere Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß der CFTR mehr als ein normaler Cl–-Kanal ist und wahrscheinlich in die Regulation einer Reihe weiterer Transportsysteme involviert ist. In dieser Studie zeigen wir, daß der CFTR in seiner Rolle als Cl–-Kanal nur eine untergeordnete Rolle in primärkultivierten menschlichen Nasenepithelzellen von CF- und Nicht-CF-Patienten spielt. Dieses Ergebnis ist besonders für das Nasenepithel von Nicht-CF-Patienten erstaunlich, da hier der CFTR korrekt eingebaut wird. In beiden Geweben spielt also eine Cl–-Sekretion verglichen mit der Na+-Absorption eine vergleichsweise geringe Rolle. Wir bestätigen mit dieser Untersuchung unsere früheren Beobachtungen, daß im menschlichen Nasenepithel Na+-Absorption der dominierende Ionentransportprozeß ist und eine Cl–-Sekretion weder in CF- noch in Nicht- CF-Geweben in relevantem Maße vorhanden ist. Zudem zeigen wir, daß weder cAMP noch ATP irgendeine Cl–-Sekretion in CF- oder Nicht-CF-Nasenepithelzellen stimulieren können. Desweiteren ergaben sich Hinweise darauf, daß sich die epithelialen Na+-Kanäle (ENaC) im Nasenepithel, welche für einen Teil der Na+-Absorption zuständig sind, von den epithelialen Na+-Kanälen in anderen Geweben unterscheiden. Diese Unterschiede zwischen den Na+-Kanälen im menschlichen Nasenepithel und den „klassischen” epithelialen Na+-Kanälen bestehen einerseits in ihrer fehlenden Aktivierbarkeit durch den intrazellulären Botenstoff cAMP und das Steroidhormon Aldosteron. Wir zeigen weiterhin, daß menschliche nasale Na+-Kanäle durch Cl–-Kanal-Blocker gehemmt werden können und eine andere Pharmakologie auf gebräuchliche Na+-Kanal-Blocker aufweisen.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-8629
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 36 (1985), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.55.-m ; 78.55.Ds ; 71.55.Fr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photoluminescence is studied in silicon, deformed in a well-defined and reproducible way. Usual deformation conditions (high temperature, low stress) result in sharp spectra of the D1 through D4 lines as recently described in the literature. New lines D5 and D6 emerge for predeformation as above and subsequent low-temperature, high-stress deformation. Another new sharp line, D12, is observed when both the familiar and the novel lines appear simultaneously. Annealing for 1 h atT A≳ 300 °C causes all new lines to disappear and the D1–D4 spectra to reappear. Quantitative annealing and TEM micrographs suggest that D5 is related to straight dislocations and D6 to stacking faults, whereas D1–D4 are due to relaxed dislocations. Photoluminescence under uniaxial stress shows that D1/D2 originate in tetragonal defects with random orientation relative to 〈100〉 directions, whereas D6 stems from triclinic centers, preferentially oriented — as are the D3/D4 centers. We conclude that the D3/D4 and the D5 and D6 defects are closely related, whereas the independent D1/D2 centers might be deformation-produced point defects in the strain region of dislocations.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 43 (1998), S. 177-184 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The aim of the study is to investigate how persons with long term workdisability due to low back pain assess their health status and how the subjective health measurement influence work resumption (n=663). Information on their subjective health status at 42 days after start of work-disability is set in relation to the outcomes “Continued work disability after 84 days” versus “work resumption”. Bi- and multivariate analysis show that information on the subjective health status and the subjective work prognosis differs between both groups already after 42 days. The results show that the subjective health status in connection with the subjective work prognosis is a good predictor for “Non-resumption of work”, but not a sufficently good predictor for “Resumption to work”.
    Abstract: Résumé L'étude examine comment les personnes en incapacité de travail de longue durée à la suite d'une dorsopathie estiment leur état de santé et quelle influence exercent ces estimations subjectives sur la reprise de travail. La question du caractère prédictif de l'état de santé perçu est analysée à l'aide des donnée recueillies chez 663 persones. Les données portant sur l'état de santé perçu au 42ème jour d' arrêt de travail sont mises en rapport avec la variable cible (outcome) «inapte au travail»/ «apte au travail» au bout de 84 jours. On constate au moyen d'analyses unifactorielles et plurifactorielles que les deux groupes («encore inapte au travail après 84 jours» et «reprise du travail») présentaient déjà au 42ème jour de la mise en ârret-maladie des differences portant sur leur prognostic subjectif concernant la reprise du travail et leur état de santé. Les calculs effectués montrent que l'état de santé perçu en relation avec le prognostic subjectif de reprise de travail permet certes de prédire correctement la non-reprise du travail mais ne permet pas de prédire suffisamment bien la reprise du travail.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit untersucht, wie Personen mit Langzeitarbeitsunfähigkeit wegen Dorsopathien ihren Gesundheitszustand einschätzen und welchen Einfluss die subjektiven Einschätzungen auf die Wiederaufnahme der Arbeit haben. Die Frage, welchen prädiktiven Charakter der subjektive Gesundheitsstatus hat, wird anhand der Angaben von 663 Personen nachgegangen. Ihre Angaben zum subjektiven Gesundheitsstatus am 42. Tag nach AU-Beginn werden zum Outcome “Arbeitsunfähig (AU)”/“wieder erwerbstätig” nach 84 Tagen in Bezug gesetzt. Anhand bi- und multivariat durchgeführter Analysen lässt sich feststellen, dass die beiden Gruppen (“weiterhin AU 84 Tage nach AU-Beginn” und “wieder erwerbstätig”) sich bereits am 42. Tag der Krankschreibung hinsichtlich ihrer subjektiven Arbeitsprognose und ihres Gesundheitszustandes unterscheiden. Die durchgeführten Berechnungen zeigen, daß der subjektive Gesundheitsstatus in Verbindung mit der subjektiven Arbeitsprognose zwar als guter Prädiktor für die Nichtwiederaufnahme der Arbeit angesehen werden kann, nicht jedoch als ausreichend guter Prädiktor für die Wiederaufnahme der Arbeit.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 203 (1986), S. 451-461 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Heliothis interspecific matings ; Male sterility ; Sperm mitochondria ; Mitochondrial transcripts ; RNA metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Interspecific matings between Heliothis virescens males and H. subflexa females result in the production of progeny normal in all respects except that the males are sterile. Recurrent backcrossing of fertile females to H. virescens males perpetuates testis dysfunction in these lines. Although the basis of this phenomenon is unknown, characteristic degenerative abnormalities in sperm mitochondria from backcross males suggest that the normal function of this organelle is disrupted. In order to test this notion, mitochondrial gene sequences have been isolated from a cDNA library constructed from H. virescens testis poly (A)+ RNA, aligned on the mitochondrial DNA physical map, and assigned genetic designations based upon their homology with sequenced mouse mitochondrial DNA restriction fragments. Hybridizations of these DNA sequences to RNA molecules from H. virescens and backcross testes revealed two major differences between the two lines: (1) the steadystate levels of mitochondrial transcripts from backcross testes were reduced approximately 3-fold relative to H. virescens; and (2) transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins were not polyadenylated in backcross testes. Neither of these abnormalities appeared in mitochondrial transcripts from other tissues in backcross moths. These findings suggest that abnormal mitochondrial RNA metabolism is either a direct cause, or a manifestation of, the mechanism of sterility in backcross males.
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