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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 63 (1974), S. 1065-1087 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Abstract Fairly constant winds from N to NNE (Fig. 2) prevail at present at the Western Sahara coast. Accordingly, a relatively narrow field of barchan dunes of only 80 km width reaches the coast SE of Cape Blanc (Fig. 1). Very uniform pebble plains form their ground of advance in the study area 60 km wide and 18 km long. Height H, volume V, and distance D from the southern border of the study area were determined for 963 dunes from aerial photographs (Figs. 5 and 6). Data on the dune advance rate were estimated for the particular region byCoursin (1964). Consequently it was possible to calculate a dune sand discharge amounting to 93 000 m3/yr/80 km crossing the southern border of the study area at the time the aerial photographs were taken. Based on the areal distribution pattern of the dunes this sand flow probably might increase threefold within the next 800 years (Fig. 7). Corresponding to the dune sand-discharge QT a saltation sand-discharge (Q and q), 50–100 times larger, of 5,0 and 7–13 Mio m3/yr/80 km, respectively, reaches the Atlantic from the Sahara. The estimates were derived from two independant calculations: the dune advance rate and the wind data. If one compares the wind transported load from the Sahara with that of the mouths of large rivers (e. g. Niger River: 40 Mio. m3/yr) it seems only of minor importance. Because of the relatively coarse grain sizes (Md≈220μm) the wind sand supply is deposited mainly along the strand line. Consequently, remarkably wide sebkha plains are built forward and the shelf becomes unusually narrow. Several independent criteria (e. g. Fig. 7) suggest a fairly young age, close to 500 years of the recent barchan field. A different wind direction, from the NE, and a lowered sea-level might have resulted during the ice-ages in as much as 5 times larger wind load (? 25 Mio m3/yr) arriving at the shelf edge and from there flowing down to the deep sea as turbidity currents. The present wind load has a content of iron oxides of roughly 1.2 per thousand. This value increased to 3.2 per thousand in Pleistocene dune sands.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé Actuellement, des vents assez constants de N à NNE, prédominant le long de la côte occidentale du Sahara, produisent un champ de barkhanes, de 80 km seulement de large, qui atteint la côte de l'Atlantique au SE du Cap Blanc (fig. 1). Des plaines de cailloux forment la base des dunes dans la zone étudiée qui est 60 km de large et 18 km de long. Ici, la hauteur H, le volume V et la distance D à la limite sud de la zone étudiée ont été déterminé pour 963 dunes d'après des photos aériennes (fig. 5 et 6). A l'aide de données sur la vitesse du déplacement des dunes (Coursin, 1964) il a été possible de calculer l'écoulement des sables dunaires (la quantité de sable transporté par les dunes). Il atteint 93.000 m3/an/80 km près de la limite sud de la zone, à l'époque où les photos aériennes ont été prises. D'après la répartition des dunes de cette zone, il est probable que cet écoulement de sable triplera au cours des prochains 800 ans (fig. 7). A l'écoulement des sables de dune (QT) correspond un mouvement des sables par saltation (Q et q). Il est 50–100 fois plus important, soit de 5 soit de 7–13× 106 m3/an/80 km, et atteint l'Atlantique en venant du Sahara. Ces données estimées résultent de deux méthodes de calculs indépendantes (Bagnold, 1941); 1. de la vitesse de déplacement des dunes, 2. des données sur la force du vent. Comparé à l'apport des grands fleuves (p. E. le Niger: 40×106 m3/an), l'apport du au vent est de moindre importance. Le sable dunaire est cependant déposé près de la côte à cause de la taille assez grande des grains (Md ≈220μ). Ainsi de larges sebhkas sont formés et le plateau continental devient exceptionellement étroit. Plusieurs arguments indépendants (fig. 7) permettent de supposer un âge très jeune, 500 ans, pour le champ de barkhanes. Pendant l'époque glaciaire, le vent venait du NE et le niveau marin était plus bas. Ainsi, l'apport sableux par le vent, probablement 5 fois plus important que celui d'aujourd'hui (25×106 m3/an), atteignait le bord du plateau continental et influençait, par des turbidites, la sédimentation dans l'océan profond. Le matériel apporté actuellement par le vent, contient 1,2 ‰ d'oxydes de fer. Dans les sables pleistocènes, cette valeur accroît jusqu'à 3,2 ‰
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Konstante Winde aus N bis NNE lassen aus der Sahara derzeit ein nur 80 km breites Feld Barchandünen SE von Cap Blanc zur Atlantikküste vordringen. Peneplainartige Kiesebenen bilden hier einen gleichmäßigen Untergrund für ein Meßfeld von 60 km Breite und 18 km Tiefe. Darauf wurden aus Luftbildern für 963 Dünen Höhe H, Volumen V und Abstand D von der Südgrenze des Meßfeldes bestimmt (Abb. 5 und 6). Bereits vorhandene Angaben über die Dünenwandergeschwindigkeit (Coursin, 1964) erlaubten aus diesen Daten den Dünen-Sandstrom zu berechnen. Für die Südgrenze des Meßfeldes ergaben sich für den Zeitpunkt der Luftbildaufnahme 93 000 m3/J./80 km. Aufgrund der Verteilung der Dünen auf dem Meßfeld ist zu erwarten, daß binnen 800 Jahren dieser Sandstrom auf das Dreifache anwachsen dürfte (Abb. 7). Dem Dünen-Sandstrom QT entspricht ein rund 50–100mal größerer Sprung-Sandstrom (Q bzw. q) Sahara—Atlantik mit 5,0 bzw. 7–13 Mio. m3/J./80 km. Diese Schätzwerte beruhen auf zwei voneinander unabhängigen Berechnungswegen (Bagnold, 1941): 1. aus der Dünenwandergeschwindigkeit, 2. aus Winddaten. Verglichen mit der Fracht in großen Flußmündungen (z. B. Niger: 40 Mio. m3/J.) ist die Windfracht der Sahara eher unbedeutend. Wegen ihrer relativ groben Korngrößen (Md≈220μ) wird sie vor allem nahe der Strandlinie abgelagert. Sie führt damit zum Vorbau besonders weiter Salzmarschen („Sebkhas“) und zu einer außergewöhnlichen Verengung des Schelfes. Mehrere unabhängige Argumente (u. a. Abb. 7) deuten auf ein sehr jugendliches Alter des Barchanfeldes von knapp 500 Jahren. Während der Eiszeiten dürften andere Windrichtungen (aus NE) und ein niedrigerer Meeresspiegel dazu beigetragen haben, daß ein etwa fünfmal größerer Windsandstrom (? 25 Mio. m3/J.) die Schelfkante des Atlantiks erreichte und durch abgleitende Suspensionsströme die Tiefseesedimentation mit beeinflußte. Die heutige Windfracht führt rund 1,2 ‰ Eisenoxide mit sich. Dieser Betrag steigt bei den Pleistozänsanden auf 3,2 ‰
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 81 (1992), S. II 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 89-107 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Schlagwort(e): Paleo-oceanography ; Abrupt climatic change ; Deep-sea micropaleontology ; Late Quaternary ; North Atlantic ; Atlantic Salinity Conveyor Belt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Abstract Quantitative and semiquantitative proxy data based on more than 200 core-top samples and 100 deep-sea cores lead to important new insights about late Quaternary changes in paleo-oceanography, climate and microfaunal habitats in the north-eastern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, insights resulting from a detailed investigation by the Kiel research project SFB 313/132 summarized in this paper. Planktonic foraminifera species provide reliable tracers of past sea surface temperatures and currents. The genus Beella in particular was found to trace subtropical water masses up to the far north. Benthic foraminifera species served as sensors of bottom currents and local flux rates of organic matter. New orders of time resolution are reached via stable isotope stratigraphy and accelerator mass spectrometry carbon-14 dating, allowing the identification of meltwater events lasting a few hundred years and shorter, a time range where, however, the yet unquantified role of bioturbation presents a growing problem. Based on this high-resolution stratigraphy a number of ‘time slices’ (synoptic time intervals) are defined to reconstruct the incursion of Atlantic water masses, to map paleocurrent patterns within the Nordic Seas and the north-eastern North Atlantic and to test alternative circulation models — for example, for the last glacial maximum (LGM) and various meltwater episodes. These are clearly coeval with Dansgaard-Oeschger events found in Greenland ice cores, with the actual cause of the flickering climate as yet unknown. Likewise, there is ongoing controversy about the extent of past sea-ice cover and about possible changes from the present anti-estuarine to estuarine mode of deep water exchange between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas during the LGM. South of Iceland, however, the history of deep water renewal over the last glacial cycle covering the last 30000 years was largely deciphered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Elsevier
    In:  Marine Micropaleontology, 135 . pp. 45-55.
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-06
    Beschreibung: Highlights • Planktic foraminifera species show an Early Holocene 14C plateau analogous to the atmospheric 14C plateau at 10.2–9.6 cal ka. • Age-calibrated Early Holocene 14C plateau boundaries provide precise age control in 3 sediment cores on a 900 km long transect. • Differences between planktic foraminiferal and atmospheric 14C ages reveal the 14C reservoir age of local surface waters. • Different planktic species document different 14C reservoir ages characteristic of different surface and subsurface waters. To trace spatial variations in Holocene reservoir ages of surface and subsurface waters we studied narrowly spaced 14C records of planktic foraminifera in three high-sedimentation rate cores from the Nordic Seas, the Barents Sea continental margin and eastern Fram Strait. The two northern cores reveal a distinct Early Holocene 14C plateau in dates on the subsurface dweller Neogloboquadrina pachyderma at 9.3–9.1 14C ka. The plateau was tuned to an atmospheric 14C plateau at 9.0–8.7 14C ka that spans 10.2–9.6 calendar ka. These two plateau boundaries provide robust age control points to estimate short-term changes in sedimentation rate and to correlate paleoceanographic signals over 900 km along the West Spitsbergen Current. The difference between planktic and atmospheric 14C plateau ages suggests local 14C reservoir ages of 370–400 yr. Planktic foraminifera species that inhabit different water masses document different reservoir ages. By comparison, the subpolar N. incompta reveals a reservoir age of 150 yr, probably formed in well-mixed Atlantic-sourced waters during winter. The near-surface dweller Turborotalita quinqueloba shows an age of 290 yr in the Fram Strait, but one of 720 yr at the Barents Sea continental margin. The latter age suggests a calcification within old, meltwater-enriched Arctic surface waters admixed by the East Spitsbergen Current. Likewise, we assign an elevated reservoir age of 760 yr on mixed species at a Norwegian Sea site near 71°N to Preboreal meltwaters that spread from northern Norway far west, also documented by the spatial distribution of a coeval δ13C minimum of N. pachyderma.
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: The last deglacial was marked by tremendous changes in ocean temperature and circulation as well as atmospheric CO2 and 14C. We employed the “14C plateau-tuning technique” to a centennial-scale planktic 14C record of core MD08-3180 retrieved S.W. of the Azores Islands at ∼3060 m water depth to establish both a new standard of absolute age control and a record of past 14C reservoir ages of ocean surface waters. Both δ18O minima of G. bulloides and high planktic reservoir ages of ∼1600 to 2170 yr suggest two major melt water incursions that reached from the Labrador Sea up to the subtropics over Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS-1). In parallel, we established a record of (apparent) benthic ventilation ages that add the planktic 14C reservoir ages together with the benthic-planktic 14C age difference at the site and time of deposition, a sum finally adjusted to past changes in atmospheric 14C that occurred since the time of deep-water formation. Near the Azores apparent deep-water ages of the Last Glacial Maximum were as low as 340–740 yr, which suggests a lateral advection of young North Atlantic Deep Waters (NADW) from subpolar regions south of Iceland, in harmony with recent model simulation and in contrast to a widely assumed major shoaling of glacial deep-water formation. During HS-1, local benthic ventilation ages increased up to 2200–2550 yr, thus suggest an incursion of old southern-source deep waters, an unstable regime that was interrupted by brief pulses of NADW incursion near 16, 15.6 cal. ka, and most salient, near 14.9/14.7 ka.
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-08
    Beschreibung: The ultimate, possibly geodynamic control and potential impact of changes in circulation activity and salt discharge of Mediterranean outflow waters (MOW) on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation have formed long-standing objectives in paleoceanography. Late Pliocene changes in the distal advection of MOW were reconstructed on orbital timescales for northeast Atlantic DSDP/ODP sites 548 and 982 off Brittany and on Rockall Plateau, supplemented by a proximal record from Site U1389 west off Gibraltar, and compared to Western Mediterranean surface and deep-water records of Alboran Sea Site 978. From ~3.43 to 3.3 Ma, MOW temperatures and salinities form a prominent rise by 2–4 °C and ~3 psu, induced by a preceding and coeval rise in sea surface and deep-water salinity and increased summer aridity in the Mediterranean Sea. We speculate that these changes triggered an increased MOW flow and were ultimately induced by a persistent 2.5 °C cooling of Indonesian Through-Flow waters. The temperature drop resulted from the northward drift of Australia that crossed a threshold value near 3.6–3.3 Ma and led to a large-scale cooling of the eastern subtropical Indian Ocean and in turn, to a reduction of African monsoon rains. Vice versa, we show that the distinct rise in Mediterranean salt export after ~3.4 Ma induced a unique long-term rise in the formation of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water, that followed with a phase lag of ~100 ky. In summary, we present evidence for an interhemispheric teleconnection of processes in the Indonesian Gateways, the Mediterranean and Labrador Seas, jointly affecting Pliocene climate.
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-09-05
    Beschreibung: Paleoceanographic and stratigraphic methods, based on high-resolution compressional wave (p-wave) velocity measurements, have been applied to the studies of late Quaternary deep-sea carbonates in the western and eastern equatorial Atlantic. The measurements provide sonostratigraphic records in which changes in p-wave velocity parallel the changes from a glacial to an interglacial climate: Maxima in p-wave velocity (greater than 1540 m/s) occur during interglacial oxygen isotope stages 1, 5 and 7. Minima (1490 m/s) occur during glacial oxygen isotope stages 2, 4 and 6. Changes in p-wave velocity parallel past changes in carbonate accumulation and sediment coarse fraction, and allow a detailed core to core correlation. From these results two main patterns emerge: (1) In cores from shallower than 4300 m and from well above the present lysocline, large temporal changes in p-wave velocity parallel the production of planktonic foraminifera and the climatic history recorded in the sediments, and (2) below 4300 m, the position of the foraminiferal lysocline in the western equatorial Atlantic, large downcore p-wave velocity fluctuations gradually disappear due to dissolution of carbonate sediments. Dissolution also causes a distinct decrease in p-wave velocity and acoustic reflectivity in surface sediments across the present foraminiferal lysocline. Thus, past changes in the position of the foraminiferal lysocline or calcite compensation depth that caused distinct changes in reflectivity of sediments should lead to distinct reflectors within sediment columns. Their distribution can be utilized to map paleowater masses with different degrees of carbonate saturation.
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Springer
    In:  (In Press / Accepted) International Journal of Earth Sciences .
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-30
    Beschreibung: Summary of Ilse Seibold's vita Ilse Seibold, née Usbeck, was born May 8, 1925 in Breslau, Silesia, and went to school in Halle/Saale during WW2. She started her studies of geology and paleontology at the University of Halle and at the Humboldt University in Berlin, and later at the University of Tübingen, where she received her doctorate as micropaleontologist in 1951 with Otto Schindewolf as her supervisor. She remained active as productive scientist over many decades. In 1952, she married Dr. Eugen Seibold, who in 1958 became professor at Kiel University, founded one of Europe's most important institutes for marine geology, and later became president of the German Science Foundation (DFG), and subsequently of the European Science Foundation (ESF). Being a scientist herself Ilse Seibold soon evolved to a deeply reflective insider of geological sciences. She followed her husband during his scientific career from his appointments in Tübingen, Bonn, Karlsruhe, Kiel, to Bonn and Strasbourg/Freiburg i.Br. She accompanied Eugen on his sabbatical leave at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA. She participated in countless international scientific meetings. Together with Eugen she published many papers that document her independence and autonomy as scientist. She gained deep insights into the origins of the geosciences and their historical evolution, up to the ideas of fine arts. We are happy that she documented in her publications a broad range of her scientific and distinguished-humane impressions.
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-22
    Beschreibung: The vertical density gradients in the Nordic Seas are crucial for the preconditioning of the surface water to thermohaline sinking in winter. These gradients can be reconstructed from paired oxygen isotope data in tests of different species of planktonic foraminifera, the isotopic signatures of which represent different calcification depths in the water column. Comparison of δ18O values from foraminiferal tests in plankton hauls, sediment traps, and nearby core top samples with the calculated δ18Ocalcite profile of the water column revealed species-specific δ18O vital effects and the role of bioturbational admixture of subfossil specimens into the surface sediment. On the basis of core top samples obtained along a west–east transect across various hydrographic regions of the Nordic Seas, δ18O values of Turborotalita quinqueloba document apparent calcification depths within the pycnocline at 25–75 m water depth. The isotopic signatures of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s) reflect water masses near and well below the pycnocline between 70 and 250 m off Norway, where the Atlantic inflow leads to thermal stratification. Here, temperatures in the calcification depth of N. pachyderma (s) differ from sea surface temperature by approximately −2.5°C. In contrast, N. pachyderma (s) calcifies very close to the sea surface (20–50 m) in the Arctic domain of the western Nordic Seas. However, further west N. pachyderma (s) prefers somewhat deeper, more saline water at 70–130 m well below the halocline that confines the low saline East Greenland Current. This implies that the δ18O values of N. pachyderma (s) do not fully reflect the freshwater proportion in surface water and that any reconstruction of past meltwater plumes based on δ18O is too conservative, because it overestimates sea surface salinity. Minimum δ18O differences (〈0.2‰) between N. pachyderma (s) and T. quinqueloba may serve as proxy for sea regions with dominant haline and absent thermal stratification, whereas thermal stratification leads to δ18O differences of 〉0.4 to 〉1.5‰.
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