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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 63 (1974), S. 1065-1087 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Fairly constant winds from N to NNE (Fig. 2) prevail at present at the Western Sahara coast. Accordingly, a relatively narrow field of barchan dunes of only 80 km width reaches the coast SE of Cape Blanc (Fig. 1). Very uniform pebble plains form their ground of advance in the study area 60 km wide and 18 km long. Height H, volume V, and distance D from the southern border of the study area were determined for 963 dunes from aerial photographs (Figs. 5 and 6). Data on the dune advance rate were estimated for the particular region byCoursin (1964). Consequently it was possible to calculate a dune sand discharge amounting to 93 000 m3/yr/80 km crossing the southern border of the study area at the time the aerial photographs were taken. Based on the areal distribution pattern of the dunes this sand flow probably might increase threefold within the next 800 years (Fig. 7). Corresponding to the dune sand-discharge QT a saltation sand-discharge (Q and q), 50–100 times larger, of 5,0 and 7–13 Mio m3/yr/80 km, respectively, reaches the Atlantic from the Sahara. The estimates were derived from two independant calculations: the dune advance rate and the wind data. If one compares the wind transported load from the Sahara with that of the mouths of large rivers (e. g. Niger River: 40 Mio. m3/yr) it seems only of minor importance. Because of the relatively coarse grain sizes (Md≈220μm) the wind sand supply is deposited mainly along the strand line. Consequently, remarkably wide sebkha plains are built forward and the shelf becomes unusually narrow. Several independent criteria (e. g. Fig. 7) suggest a fairly young age, close to 500 years of the recent barchan field. A different wind direction, from the NE, and a lowered sea-level might have resulted during the ice-ages in as much as 5 times larger wind load (? 25 Mio m3/yr) arriving at the shelf edge and from there flowing down to the deep sea as turbidity currents. The present wind load has a content of iron oxides of roughly 1.2 per thousand. This value increased to 3.2 per thousand in Pleistocene dune sands.
    Abstract: Résumé Actuellement, des vents assez constants de N à NNE, prédominant le long de la côte occidentale du Sahara, produisent un champ de barkhanes, de 80 km seulement de large, qui atteint la côte de l'Atlantique au SE du Cap Blanc (fig. 1). Des plaines de cailloux forment la base des dunes dans la zone étudiée qui est 60 km de large et 18 km de long. Ici, la hauteur H, le volume V et la distance D à la limite sud de la zone étudiée ont été déterminé pour 963 dunes d'après des photos aériennes (fig. 5 et 6). A l'aide de données sur la vitesse du déplacement des dunes (Coursin, 1964) il a été possible de calculer l'écoulement des sables dunaires (la quantité de sable transporté par les dunes). Il atteint 93.000 m3/an/80 km près de la limite sud de la zone, à l'époque où les photos aériennes ont été prises. D'après la répartition des dunes de cette zone, il est probable que cet écoulement de sable triplera au cours des prochains 800 ans (fig. 7). A l'écoulement des sables de dune (QT) correspond un mouvement des sables par saltation (Q et q). Il est 50–100 fois plus important, soit de 5 soit de 7–13× 106 m3/an/80 km, et atteint l'Atlantique en venant du Sahara. Ces données estimées résultent de deux méthodes de calculs indépendantes (Bagnold, 1941); 1. de la vitesse de déplacement des dunes, 2. des données sur la force du vent. Comparé à l'apport des grands fleuves (p. E. le Niger: 40×106 m3/an), l'apport du au vent est de moindre importance. Le sable dunaire est cependant déposé près de la côte à cause de la taille assez grande des grains (Md ≈220μ). Ainsi de larges sebhkas sont formés et le plateau continental devient exceptionellement étroit. Plusieurs arguments indépendants (fig. 7) permettent de supposer un âge très jeune, 500 ans, pour le champ de barkhanes. Pendant l'époque glaciaire, le vent venait du NE et le niveau marin était plus bas. Ainsi, l'apport sableux par le vent, probablement 5 fois plus important que celui d'aujourd'hui (25×106 m3/an), atteignait le bord du plateau continental et influençait, par des turbidites, la sédimentation dans l'océan profond. Le matériel apporté actuellement par le vent, contient 1,2 ‰ d'oxydes de fer. Dans les sables pleistocènes, cette valeur accroît jusqu'à 3,2 ‰
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Konstante Winde aus N bis NNE lassen aus der Sahara derzeit ein nur 80 km breites Feld Barchandünen SE von Cap Blanc zur Atlantikküste vordringen. Peneplainartige Kiesebenen bilden hier einen gleichmäßigen Untergrund für ein Meßfeld von 60 km Breite und 18 km Tiefe. Darauf wurden aus Luftbildern für 963 Dünen Höhe H, Volumen V und Abstand D von der Südgrenze des Meßfeldes bestimmt (Abb. 5 und 6). Bereits vorhandene Angaben über die Dünenwandergeschwindigkeit (Coursin, 1964) erlaubten aus diesen Daten den Dünen-Sandstrom zu berechnen. Für die Südgrenze des Meßfeldes ergaben sich für den Zeitpunkt der Luftbildaufnahme 93 000 m3/J./80 km. Aufgrund der Verteilung der Dünen auf dem Meßfeld ist zu erwarten, daß binnen 800 Jahren dieser Sandstrom auf das Dreifache anwachsen dürfte (Abb. 7). Dem Dünen-Sandstrom QT entspricht ein rund 50–100mal größerer Sprung-Sandstrom (Q bzw. q) Sahara—Atlantik mit 5,0 bzw. 7–13 Mio. m3/J./80 km. Diese Schätzwerte beruhen auf zwei voneinander unabhängigen Berechnungswegen (Bagnold, 1941): 1. aus der Dünenwandergeschwindigkeit, 2. aus Winddaten. Verglichen mit der Fracht in großen Flußmündungen (z. B. Niger: 40 Mio. m3/J.) ist die Windfracht der Sahara eher unbedeutend. Wegen ihrer relativ groben Korngrößen (Md≈220μ) wird sie vor allem nahe der Strandlinie abgelagert. Sie führt damit zum Vorbau besonders weiter Salzmarschen („Sebkhas“) und zu einer außergewöhnlichen Verengung des Schelfes. Mehrere unabhängige Argumente (u. a. Abb. 7) deuten auf ein sehr jugendliches Alter des Barchanfeldes von knapp 500 Jahren. Während der Eiszeiten dürften andere Windrichtungen (aus NE) und ein niedrigerer Meeresspiegel dazu beigetragen haben, daß ein etwa fünfmal größerer Windsandstrom (? 25 Mio. m3/J.) die Schelfkante des Atlantiks erreichte und durch abgleitende Suspensionsströme die Tiefseesedimentation mit beeinflußte. Die heutige Windfracht führt rund 1,2 ‰ Eisenoxide mit sich. Dieser Betrag steigt bei den Pleistozänsanden auf 3,2 ‰
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 81 (1992), S. II 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 89-107 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Paleo-oceanography ; Abrupt climatic change ; Deep-sea micropaleontology ; Late Quaternary ; North Atlantic ; Atlantic Salinity Conveyor Belt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative and semiquantitative proxy data based on more than 200 core-top samples and 100 deep-sea cores lead to important new insights about late Quaternary changes in paleo-oceanography, climate and microfaunal habitats in the north-eastern North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, insights resulting from a detailed investigation by the Kiel research project SFB 313/132 summarized in this paper. Planktonic foraminifera species provide reliable tracers of past sea surface temperatures and currents. The genus Beella in particular was found to trace subtropical water masses up to the far north. Benthic foraminifera species served as sensors of bottom currents and local flux rates of organic matter. New orders of time resolution are reached via stable isotope stratigraphy and accelerator mass spectrometry carbon-14 dating, allowing the identification of meltwater events lasting a few hundred years and shorter, a time range where, however, the yet unquantified role of bioturbation presents a growing problem. Based on this high-resolution stratigraphy a number of ‘time slices’ (synoptic time intervals) are defined to reconstruct the incursion of Atlantic water masses, to map paleocurrent patterns within the Nordic Seas and the north-eastern North Atlantic and to test alternative circulation models — for example, for the last glacial maximum (LGM) and various meltwater episodes. These are clearly coeval with Dansgaard-Oeschger events found in Greenland ice cores, with the actual cause of the flickering climate as yet unknown. Likewise, there is ongoing controversy about the extent of past sea-ice cover and about possible changes from the present anti-estuarine to estuarine mode of deep water exchange between the North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas during the LGM. South of Iceland, however, the history of deep water renewal over the last glacial cycle covering the last 30000 years was largely deciphered.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: The ultimate, possibly geodynamic control and potential impact of changes in circulation activity and salt discharge of Mediterranean outflow waters (MOW) on Atlantic meridional overturning circulation have formed long-standing objectives in paleoceanography. Late Pliocene changes in the distal advection of MOW were reconstructed on orbital timescales for northeast Atlantic DSDP/ODP sites 548 and 982 off Brittany and on Rockall Plateau, supplemented by a proximal record from Site U1389 west off Gibraltar, and compared to Western Mediterranean surface and deep-water records of Alboran Sea Site 978. From ~3.43 to 3.3 Ma, MOW temperatures and salinities form a prominent rise by 2–4 °C and ~3 psu, induced by a preceding and coeval rise in sea surface and deep-water salinity and increased summer aridity in the Mediterranean Sea. We speculate that these changes triggered an increased MOW flow and were ultimately induced by a persistent 2.5 °C cooling of Indonesian Through-Flow waters. The temperature drop resulted from the northward drift of Australia that crossed a threshold value near 3.6–3.3 Ma and led to a large-scale cooling of the eastern subtropical Indian Ocean and in turn, to a reduction of African monsoon rains. Vice versa, we show that the distinct rise in Mediterranean salt export after ~3.4 Ma induced a unique long-term rise in the formation of Upper North Atlantic Deep Water, that followed with a phase lag of ~100 ky. In summary, we present evidence for an interhemispheric teleconnection of processes in the Indonesian Gateways, the Mediterranean and Labrador Seas, jointly affecting Pliocene climate.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Climate of the Past, 9 (6). pp. 2595-2614.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: Ice core records demonstrate a glacial–interglacial atmospheric CO2 increase of ~ 100 ppm, while 14C calibration efforts document a strong decrease in atmospheric 14C concentration during this period. A calculated transfer of ~ 530 Gt of 14C-depleted carbon is required to produce the deglacial coeval rise of carbon in the atmosphere and terrestrial biosphere. This amount is usually ascribed to oceanic carbon release, although the actual mechanisms remained elusive, since an adequately old and carbon-enriched deep-ocean reservoir seemed unlikely. Here we present a new, though still fragmentary, ocean-wide Δ14C data set showing that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS-1) the maximum 14C age difference between ocean deep waters and the atmosphere exceeded the modern values by up to 1500 14C yr, in the extreme reaching 5100 14C yr. Below 2000 m depth the 14C ventilation age of modern ocean waters is directly linked to the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). We propose as a working hypothesis that the modern regression of DIC vs. Δ14C also applies for LGM times, which implies that a mean LGM aging of ~ 600 14C yr corresponded to a global rise of ~ 85–115 μmol DIC kg−1 in the deep ocean. Thus, the prolonged residence time of ocean deep waters may indeed have made it possible to absorb an additional ~ 730–980 Gt DIC, one third of which possibly originated from intermediate waters. We also infer that LGM deep-water O2 dropped to suboxic values of 〈 10 μmol kg−1 in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, possibly also in the subpolar North Pacific. The deglacial transfer of the extra-aged, deep-ocean carbon to the atmosphere via the dynamic ocean–atmosphere carbon exchange would be sufficient to account for two trends observed, (1) for the increase in atmospheric CO2 and (2) for the 190‰ drop in atmospheric Δ14C during the so-called HS-1 "Mystery Interval", when atmospheric 14C production rates were largely constant
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Springer
    In:  (In Press / Accepted) International Journal of Earth Sciences .
    Publication Date: 2021-07-30
    Description: Summary of Ilse Seibold's vita Ilse Seibold, née Usbeck, was born May 8, 1925 in Breslau, Silesia, and went to school in Halle/Saale during WW2. She started her studies of geology and paleontology at the University of Halle and at the Humboldt University in Berlin, and later at the University of Tübingen, where she received her doctorate as micropaleontologist in 1951 with Otto Schindewolf as her supervisor. She remained active as productive scientist over many decades. In 1952, she married Dr. Eugen Seibold, who in 1958 became professor at Kiel University, founded one of Europe's most important institutes for marine geology, and later became president of the German Science Foundation (DFG), and subsequently of the European Science Foundation (ESF). Being a scientist herself Ilse Seibold soon evolved to a deeply reflective insider of geological sciences. She followed her husband during his scientific career from his appointments in Tübingen, Bonn, Karlsruhe, Kiel, to Bonn and Strasbourg/Freiburg i.Br. She accompanied Eugen on his sabbatical leave at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA. She participated in countless international scientific meetings. Together with Eugen she published many papers that document her independence and autonomy as scientist. She gained deep insights into the origins of the geosciences and their historical evolution, up to the ideas of fine arts. We are happy that she documented in her publications a broad range of her scientific and distinguished-humane impressions.
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Unknown
    Copernicus Publications (EGU)
    In:  Climate of the Past, 8 (1). pp. 79-87.
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 982 provided a key sediment section at Rockall Plateau for reconstructing northeast Atlantic paleoceanography and monitoring benthic δ18O stratigraphy over the late Pliocene to Quaternary onset of major Northern Hemisphere glaciation. A renewed hole-specific inspection of magnetostratigraphic reversals and the addition of epibenthic δ18O records for short Pliocene sections in holes 982A, B, and C, crossing core breaks in the δ18O record published for Hole 982B, now imply a major revision of composite core depths. After tuning to the orbitally tuned reference record LR04, the new composite δ18O record results in a hiatus, where the Kaena magnetic subchron might have been lost, and in a significant age reduction for all proxy records by 130 to 20 ky over the time span 3.2–2.7 million years ago (Ma). Our study demonstrates the general significance of reliable composite-depth scales and δ18O stratigraphies in ODP sediment records for generating ocean-wide correlations in paleoceanography. The new concept of age control makes the late Pliocene trends in SST (sea surface temperature) and atmospheric pCO2 at Site 982 more consistent with various paleoclimate trends published from elsewhere in the North Atlantic.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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