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  • Springer  (4)
  • 1965-1969  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ökologische Untersuchungen zur Nitrifikation in Nord-und Ostsee (1967)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 15 (1967), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Seit November 1964 werden in regelmäßiger Folge Bestimmungen des Ammoniak-, Nitrit- und Nitratgehaltes bei verschiedenen Stationen der Kieler Bucht vorgenommen. Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Jahresgang mit ausgeprägten Nitrit- und Nitratmaxima in der Zeit von Anfang Februar bis Anfang März. 2. Der kräftige Nitratanstieg während des Winters ist — ebenso wie der schwächere sommerliche NO 3 − -Anstieg — auf die Oxydation von Ammoniak über Nitrit zu Nitrat zurückzuführen. Diese wird im wesentlichen durch Bakterien bewirkt. 3. Dementsprechend konnten im ganzen Bereich der Kieler Bucht und im Seegebiet um Helgoland — sowohl im Wasser als auch in den Sedimenten — chemoautotrophe Nitrit- und Nitratbakterien nachgewiesen werden, die unter den dort gegebenen Salinitätsverhältnissen auch zur Oxydation von Ammoniak beziehungsweise Nitrit in der Lage sind.
    Notes: Abstract Ammonia, nitrite and nitrate were regularly estimated at several stations in the Kieler Bucht (western Baltic Sea) since November 1964. There are considerable seasonal changes in the contents of these 3 nitrogen compounds with impressive maxima of nitrite and nitrate in February or at the beginning of March. The great increase of nitrite and nitrate during the winter and also a smaller increase in summer are mainly caused by oxidation of ammonia, first to nitrite and then to nitrate, by nitrifying bacteria. In consequence chemoautotrophic nitrite- and nitratebacteria could be found in the water as well as in sediments all over the Kieler Bucht and also in the North Sea around the isle of Helgoland. These nitrifying bacteria are able to oxidize ammonia or nitrite in salinity conditions typical for the western Baltic Sea and the North Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01618627
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Bedeutung des Elbe-Ästuars für die Abwasserbelastung der südlichen Nordsee in bakteriologischer Sicht (1968)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 17 (1968), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Der Elbe und ihren Nebenflüssen werden an zahlreichen Orten städtische und industrielle Abwässer zugeführt und damit auch große Mengen von Bakterien und Nährstoffen. Von diesen gelangt ein Teil schließlich in die Nordsee und beeinflußt dort das Lebensgeschehen. 2. Der Bakteriengehalt des Elbewassers spiegelt sich in dem der Nordsee westlich von Helgoland wider. Die Zusammensetzung der Bakterienflora ist hier allerdings eine ganz andere. Denn die von der Elbe mitgeführten Süßwasser- und Abwasserbakterien werden großenteils im Mündungsgebiet zunächst durch Brackwasserbakterien und schließlich durch halophile Meeresbakterien ersetzt. 3. Die Änderung der Bakterienpopulationen in den halinen Zonen des Ästuars wird von der Wassertemperatur beeinflußt; sie erfolgt um so schneller je höher die Temperatur ist. 4. Durch die Umstellung der Bakterienflora erfolgte die Selbstreinigung von abwasserbelastetem Brack- und Meerwasser langsamer als die von Süßwasser. 5. Da bei niedrigen Wassertemperaturen auch die Aktivität der meisten Bakterien abnimmt, kann es während des Winters zu einer Anreicherung von an sich abbaufähigen Schmutzstoffen in den Küstengewässern kommen.
    Notes: Abstract The Elbe river and its affluents are polluted by wastes and sewages. Consequently, nutrient concentrations as well as bacterial numbers are relatively high, and the bacteria contamination of the Elbe estuary is influencing the bacteria distribution of the North Sea near Helgoland. The composition of the microflora is changing in the saline zones of the Elbe estuary; freshwater representatives and sewage forms are replaced by halophilic marine bacteria. These changes in the bacterial population are influenced by water temperature — increasing temperatures cause an acceleration. The change of the bacterial flora is also responsible for the retardation of the rate of self-purification in polluted brackish and seawater. The decrease of bacterial activity at low temperatures may cause an increase in the concentration of decomposible pollutants in coastal waters during the winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611245
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of budding bacteria (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 62 (1968), S. 289-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water samples from various sources contained budding bacteria such as: Hyphomicrobium, Pedomicrobium, Ancalomicrobium, Rhodomicrobium, Planctomyces and Rhodopseudomonas. Most of these attach to surfaces, a fact which may have caused many to be overlooked. Introduction of glass slides into the stored water sample resulted in the attachment of cells and hence facilitated their observation. A study of the distribution of genera demonstrated their ubiquitous presence; most representatives tolerated in their habitats various degrees of salinity or concentrations of organic nutrients, different depths, and the climate of various geographical locations. They were observed during all seasons. A remarkable tolerance of nitrite possibly accounts for the growth of hyphomicrobia in cultures of nitrifying bacteria. Procedures for the enrichment of budding forms consisted of (a) storing water samples in the laboratory to increase their relative numbers, (b) omitting the addition of carbon sources, or adding these only in low concentrations (as vapor), and (c) offering glass slides for attachment. Budding purple bacteria requiring light and anaerobiosis needed acetate or ethanol as a suitable H-donor. Forty-four pure cultures were identified as: Hyphomicrobium (31), Pedomicrobium (12), or Rhodomicrobium (1); others may represent new genera. A detailed description and taxonomic study is in preparation. Reasons for and consequences of attachment to surfaces are discussed. Exploitation of a higher nutrient concentration in the attached state could be of ecological significance. Rosette, pellicle or curtain formation may offer similar advantages. The presence of budding bacteria in microbial slimes could be explained by a higher concentration of nutrients in or on the slimes. The question whether these cultures are “truly aquatic” is discussed and answered in the affirmative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425635
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Rolle der Fimbrien bei der eigenartigen Sternbildung von Agrobacterium luteum (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 63 (1968), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die bemerkenswerte Sternbildung von Agrobacterium luteum Stamm A61 (Moll et al., 1967; Ahrens, 1968) ist auf polare Fimbrien zurückzuführen, die um die Sternaggregate ausgebreitet sind. Es wird angenommen, daß sich Schwärmzellen an den Fimbrien verfangen und durch Kontraktion rasch zum Stern gezogen werden. Nach elektronenoptischen Präparaten sind die Fimbrien bis zu 10,5 μ lang und können die beobachtete Sternbildung gut erklären. Agrobacterium luteum Stamm B14 besitzt ebenfalls lange polare Fimbrien. Beide Stämme tragen peritriche Geißeln, deren Struktur sich deutlich von den dünnen und unregelmäßigen Fimbrien unterscheidet.
    Notes: Summary The remarkable way of star formation in Agrobacterium luteum strain A61 (Moll et al., 1967; Ahrens, 1968) was found to be due to polar fimbriae which are spread around the star-shaped aggregates. It is assumed that swarmers adhere to the fimbriae and, by contraction, are swiftly pulled towards the star. As seen in electron microscopic preparations, the fimbriae are up to 10,5 μ long and may well explain the star formation observed. Agrobacterium luteum strain B 14 also possesses long polar fimbriae. Both strains have peritrichous flagella, the structure of which being clearly distinct from the delicate and irregular fimbriae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412119
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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