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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 443-490
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 443-490
    Abstract: We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance ( p 〈 .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion ( p 〈 .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely high-powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small ( 〈 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2515245918810225
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904847-3
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  • 2
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    The 2023 US 50-State National Seismic Hazard Model: Overview and implications
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Earthquake Spectra
    Details
    In: Earthquake Spectra, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The US National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) was updated in 2023 for all 50 states using new science on seismicity, fault ruptures, ground motions, and probabilistic techniques to produce a standard of practice for public policy and other engineering applications (defined for return periods greater than ∼475 or less than ∼10,000 years). Changes in 2023 time-independent seismic hazard (both increases and decreases compared to previous NSHMs) are substantial because the new model considers more data and updated earthquake rupture forecasts and ground-motion components. In developing the 2023 model, we tried to apply best available or applicable science based on advice of co-authors, more than 50 reviewers, and hundreds of hazard scientists and end-users, who attended public workshops and provided technical inputs. The hazard assessment incorporates new catalogs, declustering algorithms, gridded seismicity models, magnitude-scaling equations, fault-based structural and deformation models, multi-fault earthquake rupture forecast models, semi-empirical and simulation-based ground-motion models, and site amplification models conditioned on shear-wave velocities of the upper 30 m of soil and deeper sedimentary basin structures. Seismic hazard calculations yield hazard curves at hundreds of thousands of sites, ground-motion maps, uniform-hazard response spectra, and disaggregations developed for pseudo-spectral accelerations at 21 oscillator periods and two peak parameters, Modified Mercalli Intensity, and 8 site classes required by building codes and other public policy applications. Tests show the new model is consistent with past ShakeMap intensity observations. Sensitivity and uncertainty assessments ensure resulting ground motions are compatible with known hazard information and highlight the range and causes of variability in ground motions. We produce several impact products including building seismic design criteria, intensity maps, planning scenarios, and engineering risk assessments showing the potential physical and social impacts. These applications provide a basis for assessing, planning, and mitigating the effects of future earthquakes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8755-2930 , 1944-8201
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/87552930231215428
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2183411-8
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Assessing Theoretical Conclusions With Blinded Inference to Investigate a Potential Inference Crisis
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2019-12), p. 335-349
    Details
    In: Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, SAGE Publications, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2019-12), p. 335-349
    Abstract: Scientific advances across a range of disciplines hinge on the ability to make inferences about unobservable theoretical entities on the basis of empirical data patterns. Accurate inferences rely on both discovering valid, replicable data patterns and accurately interpreting those patterns in terms of their implications for theoretical constructs. The replication crisis in science has led to widespread efforts to improve the reliability of research findings, but comparatively little attention has been devoted to the validity of inferences based on those findings. Using an example from cognitive psychology, we demonstrate a blinded-inference paradigm for assessing the quality of theoretical inferences from data. Our results reveal substantial variability in experts’ judgments on the very same data, hinting at a possible inference crisis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2515-2459 , 2515-2467
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2515245919869583
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2904847-3
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  • 4
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    Recruitment of trial participants through electronic medical record patient portal messaging: A pilot study
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Clinical Trials Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2020-02), p. 30-38
    Details
    In: Clinical Trials, SAGE Publications, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2020-02), p. 30-38
    Abstract: Cost-efficient methods are essential for successful participant recruitment in clinical trials. Patient portal messages are an emerging means of recruiting potentially eligible patients into trials. We assessed the response rate and complaint rate from direct-to-patient, targeted recruitment through patient portals of an electronic medical record for a clinical trial, and compared response rates by differences in message content. Methods: The Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY) trial is a National Institutes of Health–sponsored, community-based study of vitamin D supplementation for fall prevention in older adults conducted at Johns Hopkins. Potential participants were identified using the Epic electronic medical record at the Johns Hopkins Health System based on age (≥70 years), ZIP code (30-mile radius of study site), and prior activation of a patient portal account. We prepared a shorter message and a longer message. Both had basic information about study participation, but the longer message also contained information about the significance of the study and a personal invitation from the STURDY principal investigator. The Hopkins Institutional Review Board did not require prior consent from the patient or their providers. We calculated the response rate and tracked the number of complaints and requests for removal from future messages. We also determined response rate according to message content. Results: Of the 5.5 million individuals receiving care at the Johns Hopkins Health System, a sample of 6896 met our inclusion criteria and were sent one patient portal recruitment message between 6 April 2017 and 3 August 2017. Assessment of enrollment by this method ended on 1 December 2017. There were 116 patients who expressed interest in the study (response rate: 1.7%). Twelve (0.2%) recipients were randomized. There were two complaints (0.03%) and one request to unsubscribe from future recruitment messages (0.01%). Response rate was higher with the longer message than the shorter message (2.1% vs 1.2%; p = 0.005). Conclusion: Patient portal messages inviting seniors to participate in a randomized controlled trial resulted in a response rate similar to commercial email marketing and resulted in very few complaints or opt-out requests. Furthermore, a longer message with more content enhanced response rate. Recruitment through patient portals might be an effective strategy to enroll trial participants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1740-7745 , 1740-7753
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1740774519873657
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2159773-X
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Elementary and Middle School Teachers’ Self-Reported Use of Positive Behavioral Supports for Children With ADHD: A National Survey
    SAGE Publications ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2017-12), p. 246-256
    Details
    In: Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2017-12), p. 246-256
    Abstract: This study examined elementary and middle school teachers’ self-reported use of behavioral supports for students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from a national sample of teachers. This information is important given increased attention and emphasis on universal and targeted strategies within problem-solving models in schools. Participants were teachers surveyed from 26 states across North America about their use of behavioral supports for their students with ADHD. Results are grouped by primary (K–2), intermediate (3–5), and middle (6–8) school levels. Results from this survey demonstrate that teachers report using significantly more universal and targeted strategies in the primary and intermediate school levels than teachers in the middle school level, revealing a reduction of behavioral supports for students with ADHD as they move into the middle school years. These findings have have implications for targeting school-based interventions for students with ADHD as they transition into middle school.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1063-4266 , 1538-4799
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1063426616681980
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070071-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
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    Vascular Ring Diagnosis and Management : Notable Trends Over 25 Years
    SAGE Publications ; 2016
    In:  World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2016-11), p. 717-720
    Details
    In: World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2016-11), p. 717-720
    Abstract: Vascular rings (VRs) are recognized as uncommon but not rare cardiovascular malformations. Methods: We analyzed data from all patients born in Southern Nevada, who underwent diagnosis and management of VR from 1990 to 2015, Results: From 1990 to 2015, a total of 92 patients were diagnosed prenatally and postnatally. Of the 92 patients, 73 (79%) had right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery (RAA-ALS) with a left ductus arteriosus or ligamentum, 17 (19%) had a double aortic arch (DAA), and 2 (2%) had a pulmonary artery sling. Of the 92 patients, 75 had an isolated VR and 17 VR had significant additional congenital heart disease (CHD). Of the 75 patients with an isolated VR, 52 underwent surgical repair, and the most common surgical diagnosis was DAA in 6 (66%) of 9 for the period 1990 to 2005 versus less common in 9 (21%) of 43 during the period 2006 to 2015, P 〈 .05. The isolated VR repair age significantly negatively correlated with increasing time from 1990 to 2015, R = −0.7 ( P 〈 .0001). Of the 75 isolated VR, 23 remain asymptomatic. The 17 VR with CHD were treated during infant palliation or intracardiac repair. Of the total 92 VR, 60 were born after a 2004 community introduction of the three-vessel fetal echocardiography view, from then the prenatal-detection rate has significantly increased—2004 to 2006, 0 (0%) of 9; 2007 to 2009, 1 (9%) of 11; 2010 to 2012, 11 (55%) of 20; and 2013 to 1015, 14 (70%) of 20 ( P 〈 .0001). Conclusion: Over 25 years in Southern Nevada, VR prenatal diagnosis has increased, isolated VR age at surgery has decreased, and the percentage of those with RAA-ALS has increased.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-1351 , 2150-136X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2150135116661279
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2550261-X
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  • 7
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    Stage-1 Hybrid Palliation for High-Risk 2-Ventricle Patients with Ductal-Dependent Systemic Circulation in the Era of High Prenatal Detection
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2021-11), p. 754-759
    Details
    In: World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2021-11), p. 754-759
    Abstract: We reviewed our center's prenatal detection and surgical experience with high-risk, 2-ventricle patients, with complex congenital heart disease that underwent stage-1 hybrid palliation. Methods We retrospectively identified those born between March 2008 and March 2021 with 2-ventricle hearts, complex congenital cardiovascular malformations, and ductal-dependent systemic circulation that underwent stage-1 hybrid palliation consisting of surgical bilateral pulmonary artery banding and interventional catheterization placed ductus arteriosus stents. Results We identified 30 patients. Of the 30, 19 (63%) were male. For the 30, median gestational age was 35 weeks (29-39 weeks), and median birth weight was 2.2 kg (0.6-4.5 kg). Of the 30, 1 was transferred from an adjacent state, and 29 were born in Nevada. Of the 29 born in Nevada, overall statewide prenatal detection was 18 of 29 (62%); however, for 2008 to 2011 the prenatal detection rate was 3 of 10 (30%) and 15 of 19 (79%) for 2012 to 2021, P = .03. For the last 5 years, prenatal detection for Nevada-born patients was 8 of 8 (100%). Two full-term newborns, without a prenatal diagnosis, presented postnatally in extremis. For the 30 patients, there were 0 stage-1 hybrid palliation mortalities, 1 subsequent repair mortality, and 3 late nonsurgical deaths. Conclusions Stage-1 hybrid palliation may result in excellent surgical outcomes for high-risk, 2-ventricle patients. Additionally, high rates of population-wide prenatal detection are possible for high-risk congenital heart disease, allowing prenatal planning and possibly reducing postnatal extremis presentations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-1351 , 2150-136X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21501351211044417
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2550261-X
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Hepatic Fibrosis Risk Factors in Extracardiac-Fontan Patients: Observations From a Single Center
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-05), p. 345-349
    Details
    In: World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-05), p. 345-349
    Abstract: Objective: We reviewed our experience with transvenous liver biopsy-derived hepatic fibrosis scores and possible associated risk factors in those postextracardiac Fontan patients. Methods: We identified extracardiac-Fontan patients with postoperative durations 〈 20 years who underwent cardiac catheterizations with transvenous hepatic biopsies between April 2012 and July 2022. If a patient underwent two liver biopsies, we averaged the two total fibrosis scores and concurrent time, pressure, and oxygen saturation data. We grouped patients by the following factors: (1) sex, (2) venovenous collaterals, and (3) type of functionally univentricular heart. We identified potential hepatic fibrosis risk factors as the following: female, presence of venovenous collaterals, and a functional univentricle of right-ventricular type. For statistical analysis, we used Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric testing. Results: We identified 127 patients who underwent 165 transvenous biopsies, with 38 patients undergoing 2 biopsies. We found that females with two additional risk factors had the highest median total fibrosis scores, 4 (1-8); males with 〈 2 risk factors had the lowest median total fibrosis scores, 2 (0-5); and females with 〈 2 additional risk factors and males with two risk factors were in the middle, median total fibrosis score 3 (0-6), P =.002; and there were no statistical differences for the other demographic or hemodynamic variables. Conclusions: For extracardiac-Fontan patients with similar demographic and hemodynamic variables, identifiable risk factors are associated with the degree of hepatic fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-1351 , 2150-136X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21501351231154216
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2550261-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Fontan-Associated Anatomical Variants and Hepatic Fibrosis
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 168-172
    Details
    In: World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 168-172
    Abstract: We hypothesized that a relationship between post-Fontan hepatic fibrosis and anatomical variants might exist. Methods: Attempting to limit confounding variables, we analyzed data from living, stable, post-extracardiac Fontan patients who underwent cardiac catheterization and transvenous hepatic biopsy procedures between March 2012 and June 2020. Results: We identified 120 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of the 120, 35 (29%) had pulmonary artery stents. For the 35 with pulmonary artery stents, the average total fibrosis score was 3.2 ± 1.9 and the fibrosis progression rate was 0.36 ± 0.33, and for those with no pulmonary artery stents, the total fibrosis score was 2.6 ± 1.8 and the fibrosis progression rate was 0.27 ± 0.33 ( P = .13 and P = .11, respectively). Of the 120, 65 had functional univentricles of right ventricular type. Of these 65, 27 had pulmonary artery stents. For the 27 with pulmonary artery stents, the average total fibrosis score was 3.4 ± 1.8 and the average fibrosis progression rate was 0.39 ± 0.30, and for the 38 without pulmonary artery stents, the average fibrosis score was 2.3 ± 1.5 and the average fibrosis progression rate was 0.23 ± 0.21 ( P = .01 for comparison of both values). Conclusions: This study’s findings suggest that a post-extracardiac Fontan with a functional univentricle of right ventricular type plus a pulmonary artery stent may have more advanced liver pathology than those without a pulmonary artery stent at similar Fontan duration years and ages at liver biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-1351 , 2150-136X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/2150135120969388
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2550261-X
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  • 10
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    Decreasing Mortality for STAT 4 and 5 Neonatal Heart Surgeries Concurrent With Improving Prenatal Detection: The Nevada Experience
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 361-365
    Details
    In: World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2022-05), p. 361-365
    Abstract: Objective: Our objective was to investigate whether a relationship existed between our center’s STAT 4 and 5 category surgical mortality and general-population prenatal detection rates in Nevada. Methods: We identified patients who underwent STAT 4 and 5 neonatal index cardiovascular surgeries at our center between October 2012 and September 2021. Additionally, we calculated prenatal detection rates for each of the 9 retrospective study years. We used descriptive statistics and nonparametric testing, including the Spearman Rho correlation ( R) and the Mann-Whitney U-tests, with a significant P-value set at 〈 .05. Results: We identified 356 patients. We noted a statistically significant increasing trend in prenatal detection percentages (rho = 0.79, P = .01), concurrent with a statistically significant decreasing trend in surgical mortality (rho = −0.82, P = .007). Conclusions: Despite encouraging results, we could not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between concurrent decreased surgical mortality and increased prenatal detection rates for patients undergoing STAT 4 and 5 surgical procedures at our center.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-1351 , 2150-136X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/21501351221087700
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2550261-X
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