Description: Element composition of the authigenic sediment fraction of site M45/5_86 from the Northeast Atlantic extracted by weekly reductive leaching. Element concentrations were measured on an iCapQ at Heidelberg University, Germany

Description: Radiocarbon dates of mixed planktic foraminifera of sediment core M45/5_ 86 measured at the LARA laboratory of the University of Bern, Switzerland.

Description: Radiocarbon dates of mixed planktic foraminifera of sediment core M45/5_ 90 measured at the LARA laboratory of the University of Bern, Switzerland.

Description: Here we present 230Th/U, 231Pa/U as well as 226Ra/230Th isotope ratios from five fossil reef corals of Last Interglacial origin from the Gulf of Aqaba, Northern Red Sea. The results show clear evidence for open-system behaviour with strongly elevated δ234U values and U concentrations indicating post-depositional U addition. The combined application of all isotope systems enables us to better constrain the nature and timing of the open-system processes than only based on the 230Th/U data. Quantitative modelling of the diagenetic processes allowed us to reproduce the trends in the isotope ratios. Two of the five corals were probably affected by two separate phases of U addition with different δ234U values. The trends observed for two other corals can be explained by U addition followed by U loss. The fifth coral shows signs of both U gain and loss at the same time in the more recent past. The timing of the diagenetic processes is remarkably similar for the five corals and can be constrained to approx. 1 and 6 thousand years (ka) and 100 and 102 ka after coral growth, respectively. Based on the modelling results, we suggest that conventional 231Pa/230Th ages provide the best estimate for the true age of four of the five corals, which range from 109.1 to 114.1 ka. This implies a late Last Interglacial time of deposition. For the fifth coral, the most reliable age estimate is the conventional 230Th/U age of one of the subsamples (117.3 ka), based on a concordia diagram for all subsamples. The timing of the modelled open-system processes suggests that the early event of U addition was associated with interaction of the corals with 234U-enriched seawater or saline groundwater. The later open-system event can be described as U redistribution within the coral reef, since some corals apparently lost U while others gained U. The timing of the second event is broadly consistent with the Bølling-Allerød interstadial, which was probably characterised by enhanced wetness in this typically hyper-arid region.

Description: Element composition of the authigenic sediment fraction of site M45/5_90 from the Northeast Atlantic extracted by weekly reductive leaching. Element concentrations were measured on an iCapQ at Heidelberg University, Germany.

Description: Stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen isotope (δ18O) were performed on the benthic foraminiferal species Uvigerina spp. The foraminiferal specimens were selected from piston core M78/1-235-1, which was recovered from Tobago Basin (11°36.53'N 60°57.86'W) from 852 m water depth during R/V Meteor Cruise 78/1. Sampling and analytical studies were carried out from 412.5 to 800 cm core depth at 2-4 cm spatial resolution. This dataset extends the existing benthic proxy records (Poggemann et al., 2017; doi:10.1029/2018PA003376) further back in time, now focusing on the glacial time period and the latest fully developed D/O events (~22.7-37 ka BP). The isotope analyses were performed in 2017 and 2019 on a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 mass spectrometer with an automated Kiel IV Carbonate Preparation Device. The proxy data provide stratigraphical information on the Tobago Basin core M78/1-235-1.

Description: Stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen isotope (δ18O) and Mg/Ca-measurements were performed on the planktonic subsurface-dwelling foraminiferal species Globorotalia truncatulinoides. The foraminiferal specimens were selected from piston core M78/1-235-1, which was recovered from Tobago Basin (11°36.53'N 60°57.86'W) from 852 m water depth during R/V Meteor Cruise 78/1. Sampling and analytical studies were carried out from 630 to 800 cm core depth at 1-2 cm spatial resolution. This dataset extends the existing subsurface proxy records (Reißig et al., 2019; doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.897083) further back in time, now focusing on the time period of the latest fully developed D/O events (~30-37 ka BP). The isotope analyses were performed in 2019 on a Thermo Scientific MAT 253 mass spectrometer with an automated Kiel IV Carbonate Preparation Device. Trace metal analyses were performed on a VARIAN 720-ES Axial ICP-OES, a simultaneous, axial-viewing Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometer coupled to a VARIAN SPS3 sample preparation system. The proxy data provide information on the Tobago Basin subsurface hydrography in relation to Western Boundary Current and North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre interdynamics.

Description: We reconstruct the geometry and strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during Heinrich Stadial 2 and three Greenland interstadials of the 20-50 ka period based on the comparison of new and published sedimentary 231Pa/230Th data with simulated sedimentary 231Pa/230Th. We show that the deep Atlantic circulation during these interstadials was very different from that of the Holocene. Northern-sourced waters likely circulated above 2500 m depth, with a flow rate lower than that of the present day North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Southern-sourced deep waters most probably flowed northwards below 4000 m depth into the North Atlantic basin, and then southwards as a return flow between 2500 and 4000 m depth. The flow rate of this southern-sourced deep water was likely larger than that of the modern Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Our results further show that during Heinrich Stadial 2, the deep Atlantic was probably directly affected by a southern-sourced water mass below 2500 m depth, while a slow southward flowing water mass originating from the North Atlantic likely influenced depths between 1500 and 2500 m down to the equator.

Description: In this dataset we present new high resolution Pb isotope data alongside elemental concentration and ARM (anhysteretic remanant magnetization) data for four core sites in the arctic Mackenzie Delta area as well as the Amundsen Gulf. Cores were recovered with a piston corer during USCGC Healy cruise HLY1302. Cores are characterized by high sedimentation rates of up to 1 m/ka and reach back until 15 ka and therefore the late Heinrich Stadial 1. We also provide radiocarbon ages for sediment cores JPC-19 and JPC-9. With these high resolution records of the deglacial period we are capable to trace meltwater drainage of the decaying Laurentide Ice Sheet with a more or less pronounced Lake Agassiz source. The isotopic compositions were measured with a Neptune Plus at GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. Also at the GEOMAR, the elemental composition has been measured with an Agilent 7500 cx ICP-MS-Quadrupole. Radiocarbon ages were measured at the LARA laboratory at the University of Bern, Switzerland, with an MICADAS AMS. Dates given here are uncalibrated 14C ages.

Description: In this dataset we present high resolution elemental concentrations of major elements from cores in the Mackenzie Delta area and the Amundsen Gulf. Here we present the authigenic as well as the detrital elemental composition. Both components can be used for an environmental reconstruction.