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  • 1
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    Sediment Trapping by Dams Creates Methane Emission Hot Spots (2013)
    American Chemistry Society
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology, 47 (15). pp. 8130-8137.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-24
    Description: Inland waters transport and transform substantial amounts of carbon and account for 18% of global methane emissions. Large reservoirs with higher areal methane release rates than natural waters contribute significantly to freshwater emissions. However, there are millions of small dams worldwide that receive and trap high loads of organic carbon and can therefore potentially emit significant amounts of methane to the atmosphere. We evaluated the effect of damming on methane emissions in a central European impounded river. Direct comparison of riverine and reservoir reaches, where sedimentation in the latter is increased due to trapping by dams, revealed that the reservoir reaches are the major source of methane emissions (0.23 mmol CH4 m–2 d–1 vs 19.7 mmol CH4 m–2 d–1, respectively) and that areal emission rates far exceed previous estimates for temperate reservoirs or rivers. We show that sediment accumulation correlates with methane production and subsequent ebullitive release rates and may therefore be an excellent proxy for estimating methane emissions from small reservoirs. Our results suggest that sedimentation-driven methane emissions from dammed river hot spot sites can potentially increase global freshwater emissions by up to 7%
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1021/es4003907
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Optimization of a Membrane-Based NDIR Sensor for Dissolved Carbon Dioxide (2010)
    OceanObs'09
    In:  In: Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society Conference. , ed. by Hall, J., Harrison, D. E. and Stammer, D. ESA Publication, WPP-306 . OceanObs'09, Venice, Italy, pp. 1-4.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: The autonomous measurement of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) is of great and still increasing importance for addressing many scientific as well as socio-economic questions. Although there is a need for reliable, fast and easy-to-use instrumentation to measure the partial pressure of dissolved CO2 (pCO2) in situ, only few autonomous underwater sensors are available. Here we present the measuring principle as well as the latest development state of a commercial sensor (HydroC™/CO2, CONTROS Systems & Solutions GmbH, Kiel, Germany), which is optimized in a collaboration between the IFM-GEOMAR and the manufacturer. In situ tests and laboratory experiments are essential parts of the comprehensive optimization process, which aims at the successful autonomous long-term deployment on e.g. surface buoys, underwater observatories and floats.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5270/OceanObs09
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 3
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    Sensors and Systems for in situ Observations of Marine Carbon Dioxide System Variables (2010)
    OceanObs'09
    In:  In: Proceedings of OceanObs’09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society. , ed. by Hall, J., Harrison, D. E. and Stammer, D. ESA Publication, WPP-306 . OceanObs'09, Venice, Italy, p. 8.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Autonomous chemical sensors are required to document the marine carbon dioxide system's evolving response to anthropogenic CO2 inputs, as well as impacts on short- and long-term carbon cycling. Observations will be required over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and measurements will likely need to be maintained for decades. Measurable CO2 system variables currently include total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (AT), CO2 fugacity (fCO2), and pH, with comprehensive characterization requiring measurement of at least two variables. These four parameters are amenable to in situ analysis, but sustained deployment remains a challenge. Available methods encompass a broad range of analytical techniques, including potentiometry, spectrophotometry, conductimetry, and mass spectrometry. Instrument capabilities (precision, accuracy, endurance, reliability, etc.) are diverse and will evolve substantially over the time that the marine CO2 system undergoes dramatic changes. Different suites of measurements/parameters will be appropriate for different sampling platforms and measurement objectives.
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
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