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  • 1
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    Sensors, Vol. 16, Pages 1293: Through-Wall Multiple Targets Vital Signs Tracking Based on VMD Algorithm (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-16
    Description: Targets located at the same distance are easily neglected in most through-wall multiple targets detecting applications which use the single-input single-output (SISO) ultra-wideband (UWB) radar system. In this paper, a novel multiple targets vital signs tracking algorithm for through-wall detection using SISO UWB radar has been proposed. Taking advantage of the high-resolution decomposition of the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) based algorithm, the respiration signals of different targets can be decomposed into different sub-signals, and then, we can track the time-varying respiration signals accurately when human targets located in the same distance. Intensive evaluation has been conducted to show the effectiveness of our scheme with a 0.15 m thick concrete brick wall. Constant, piecewise-constant and time-varying vital signs could be separated and tracked successfully with the proposed VMD based algorithm for two targets, even up to three targets. For the multiple targets’ vital signs tracking issues like urban search and rescue missions, our algorithm has superior capability in most detection applications.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    Sensors, Vol. 16, Pages 1228: Real-Time Identification of Smoldering and Flaming Combustion Phases in Forest Using a Wireless Sensor Network-Based Multi-Sensor System and Artificial Neural Network (2016)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Sensors
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-05
    Description: Diverse sensing techniques have been developed and combined with machine learning method for forest fire detection, but none of them referred to identifying smoldering and flaming combustion phases. This study attempts to real-time identify different combustion phases using a developed wireless sensor network (WSN)-based multi-sensor system and artificial neural network (ANN). Sensors (CO, CO2, smoke, air temperature and relative humidity) were integrated into one node of WSN. An experiment was conducted using burning materials from residual of forest to test responses of each node under no, smoldering-dominated and flaming-dominated combustion conditions. The results showed that the five sensors have reasonable responses to artificial forest fire. To reduce cost of the nodes, smoke, CO2 and temperature sensors were chiefly selected through correlation analysis. For achieving higher identification rate, an ANN model was built and trained with inputs of four sensor groups: smoke; smoke and CO2; smoke and temperature; smoke, CO2 and temperature. The model test results showed that multi-sensor input yielded higher predicting accuracy (≥82.5%) than single-sensor input (50.9%–92.5%). Based on these, it is possible to reduce the cost with a relatively high fire identification rate and potential application of the system can be tested in future under real forest condition.
    Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
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    Sustainability, Vol. 6, Pages 4355-4368: A New Jatropha curcas Variety (JO S2) with Improved Seed Productivity (2014)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-17
    Description: One key reason for the failure of Jatropha plantation is the use of non-improved planting materials. We present in this paper a Jatropha variety (JO S2) through selective breeding with much better seed productivity than wild accessions as proven by field trials in Singapore and India. In a single farm trial in Singapore for two years, a comparison was conducted with accessions from China, India, Indonesia and Africa. It was found that all traits studied like seed yield, seed kernel content, seed oil content, fatty acid composition, phosphorus content and PE content differed significantly among and within the wild accessions. Overall, JO S2 was the best performer with the highest seed yield, high oil content and low phosphorus content. On two sites in Tamil Nadu, Southern India, this Jatropha variety produced up to 2.95 ton/ha of dry seeds in the first year and up to 4.25 ton/ha of dry seeds in the second year, much better than the local variety control. We attribute its higher seed productivity to early flowering, better self-branching, more flower/fruiting bunches, more fruits per bunch and importantly, better uniformity among plants. This exemplifies that breeding has improved Jatropha seed productivity which will lead to better economics for Jatropha plantation.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1222: Control Strategy for Vehicle Inductive Wireless Charging Based on Load Adaptive and Frequency Adjustment (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Energies
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-11
    Description: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1222: Control Strategy for Vehicle Inductive Wireless Charging Based on Load Adaptive and Frequency Adjustment Energies doi: 10.3390/en11051222 Authors: Shichun Yang Xiaoyu Yan Hong He Peng Yang Zhaoxia Peng Haigang Cui Wireless charging system for electric vehicles is a hot research issue in the world today. Since the existing research on wireless charging is mostly forward-looking aimed at low-power appliances like household appliances, while electric vehicles need a high-power, high-efficiency, and strong coupling wireless charging system. In this paper, we have specifically designed a 6.6 KW wireless charging system for electric vehicles and have proposed a control strategy suitable for electric vehicles according to its power charging characteristics and existing common wired charging protocol. Firstly, the influence of the equivalent load and frequency bifurcation on a wireless charging system is analyzed in this paper. Secondly, an adaptive load control strategy matching the characteristics of the battery, and the charging pile is put forward to meet the constant current and constant voltage charging requirements to improve the system efficiency. In addition, the frequency adjustment control strategy is designed to realize the real-time dynamic optimization of the entire system. It utilizes the improved methods of rapid judgment, variable step length matching and frequency splitting recognition, which are not adopted in early related researches. Finally, the results of 6.6 kW test show that the control strategy works perfectly since system response time can be reduced to less than 1 s, and the overall efficiency of the wireless charging system and the grid power supply module can reach up to 91%.
    Electronic ISSN: 1996-1073
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 993: Study of Factors Influencing the Bioaccessibility of Triazolone in Cherry Tomatoes Using a Static SHIME Model (2018)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-16
    Description: IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 993: Study of Factors Influencing the Bioaccessibility of Triazolone in Cherry Tomatoes Using a Static SHIME Model International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050993 Authors: Yu-Ying Liu Jin-Jing Xiao Yun-Yao Fu Min Liao Hai-Qun Cao Yan-Hong Shi Estimating the influence of bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables on dietary exposure is a challenge for human health risk assessment. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of pesticide residues in cherry tomatoes and contributing factors (digestion time, pH, solid/liquid ratio, and dietary nutrition) using an in vitro test simulating the human gastrointestinal tract. pH had the largest effect on triazolone precipitation in the simulated gastric intestinal juice, which had a significant impact on the bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of triazolone in the intestinal stage was slightly higher than that in the stomach stage, owing to bile salts and pancreatic enzymes present in the intestinal juice. The bioaccessibility of triazolone did not change significantly with digestion time. In the gastric stage, there was a logarithmic relationship between the bioaccessibility and solid/liquid ratio (R2 = 0.9941). The addition of oil significantly changed the bioaccessibility in the gastrointestinal stage. Protein and dietary fiber only affected bioaccessibility in the stomach stage. Dietary nutrition can reduce the release of pesticides from fruits and vegetables into the stomach, sharply reducing the bioaccessibility, and the dietary exposure of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables can be properly evaluated.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1157: Factors Affecting Transfer of Pyrethroid Residues from Herbal Teas to Infusion and Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Pesticides (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-01
    Description: IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1157: Factors Affecting Transfer of Pyrethroid Residues from Herbal Teas to Infusion and Influence of Physicochemical Properties of Pesticides International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101157 Authors: Jin-Jing Xiao Yang Li Qing-Kui Fang Yan-Hong Shi Min Liao Xiang-Wei Wu Ri-Mao Hua Hai-Qun Cao The transfer of pesticide residues from herbal teas to their infusion is a subject of particular interest. In this study, a multi-residue analytical method for the determination of pyrethroids (fenpropathrin, beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and fenvalerate) in honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, wolfberry, and licorice and their infusion samples was validated. The transfer of pyrethroid residues from tea to infusion was investigated at different water temperatures, tea/water ratios, and infusion intervals/times. The results show that low amounts (0–6.70%) of pyrethroids were transferred under the different tea brewing conditions examined, indicating that the infusion process reduced the pyrethroid content in the extracted liquid by over 90%. Similar results were obtained for the different tea varieties, and pesticides with high water solubility and low octanol–water partition coefficients (log Kow) exhibited high transfer rates. Moreover, the estimated values of the exposure risk to the pyrethroids were in the range of 0.0022–0.33, indicating that the daily intake of the four pyrethroid residues from herbal tea can be regarded as safe. The present results can support the identification of suitable tea brewing conditions for significantly reducing the pesticide residue levels in the infusion.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1033: Migration and Accumulation of Octachlorodipropyl Ether in Soil-Tea Systems in Young and Old Tea Gardens (2017)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-09
    Description: IJERPH, Vol. 14, Pages 1033: Migration and Accumulation of Octachlorodipropyl Ether in Soil-Tea Systems in Young and Old Tea Gardens International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091033 Authors: Min Liao Yan-Hong Shi Hai-Qun Cao Qing-Kui Fang Jin-Jing Xiao Ri-Mao Hua The migration and accumulation of octachlorodipropyl ether (OCDPE) in soil-tea systems were investigated using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) method in young and old tea gardens. When the residual concentration of OCDPE was 100 g a.i. hm−2 in soils, the peak concentrations of OCDPE in fresh leaves of young and old tea plants were 0.365 mg/kg and 0.144 mg/kg, taking 45 days and 55 days, respectively. Equations for the accumulation curves of OCDPE in fresh leaves of young and old tea plants were Ct = 0.0227e0.0566t (R2 = 0.9154) and Ct = 0.0298e−0.0306t (R2 = 0.7156), and were Ct = 3.8435e0.055t (R2 = 0.9698) and Ct = 1.5627e−0.048t (R2 = 0.9634) for dissipation curves, with a half-life of 14.4 days and 12.6 days, respectively. These results have practical guiding significance for controlling tea food safety.
    Print ISSN: 1661-7827
    Electronic ISSN: 1660-4601
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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