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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Delirium Risk Score in Elderly Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and/or Cervical Fracture
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-20), p. 2387-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-20), p. 2387-
    Abstract: The number of elderly patients with cervical trauma is increasing. Such patients are considered to be at high risk for delirium, which is an acute neuropsychological disorder that reduces the patient’s capacity to interact with their environment due to impairments in cognition. This study aimed to establish a risk score that predicts delirium in elderly patients with cervical SCI and/or cervical fracture regardless of treatment type. This retrospective cohort study included 1512 patients aged ≥65 years with cervical SCI and/or cervical fracture. The risk factors for delirium according to treatment type (surgical or conservative) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. A delirium risk score was established as the simple arithmetic sum of points assigned to variables that were significant in the multivariate analyses. Based on the statistical results, the delirium risk score was defined using six factors: old age (≥80 years), hypoalbuminemia, cervical fracture, major organ injury, dependence on pre-injury mobility, and comorbid diabetes. The score’s area under the curve for the prediction of delirium was 0.66 (p 〈 0.001). Although the current scoring system must be validated with an independent dataset, the system remains beneficial because it can be used after screening examinations upon hospitalization and before deciding the treatment strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062387
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    The Effects of High-Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation in a Severe Stroke Patient
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Clinics and Practice Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2012-12-18), p. e89-
    Details
    In: Clinics and Practice, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2012-12-18), p. e89-
    Abstract: The case report describes the effects of 5 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) in a patient with severe stroke. The patient was a 69-year-old male who was affected by a left middle cerebral artery infarction. The patient had no movement in his right hand. To assess the effects, cerebral blood flow and motor function were measured before and after treatment. This treatment delivered rTMS over the affected M1 with TES at the paretic wrist extensor muscles for 10 days. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the entire brain was measured by positronemission tomography. To evaluate the motor function, the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) was used. After treatment, the rCBF was increased (except for the stimulated region), and the FMA score was slightly improved. These results suggest the potential therapeutic use of rTMS combined with TES for recovery in severe stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2039-7283
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4081/cp.2012.e89
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605724-4
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  • 3
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    Time-Resolved Nanobeam X-ray Diffraction of a Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystal under an Alternating Electric Field
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Crystals Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-20), p. 1419-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-20), p. 1419-
    Abstract: Lead-containing relaxor ferroelectrics show enormous piezoelectric capabilities relating to their heterogeneous structures. Time-resolved nanobeam X-ray diffraction reveals the time and position dependences of the local lattice strain on a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal mechanically vibrating and alternately switching, as well as its polarization under an alternating electric field. The complicated time and position dependences of the Bragg intensity distributions under an alternating electric field demonstrate that nanodomains with the various lattice constants and orientations exhibiting different electric field responses exist in the measured local area, as the translation symmetry breaks to the microscale. The dynamic motion of nanodomains in the heterogeneous structure, with widely distributed local lattice strain, enables enormous piezoelectric lattice strain and fatigue-free ferroelectric polarization switching.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111419
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 4
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    The Recent Development of the Surgical Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-02-25), p. 2023-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-02-25), p. 2023-
    Abstract: The optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should be selected based on tumor conditions, liver functional reserve, and performance status. Surgical treatment, such as liver resection and liver transplantation, is the most favorable treatment method; however, its indication criteria differ according to each country’s guidelines. In Western countries, liver resection is indicated only for early-stage HCC patients with Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging classification (BCLC) 0/A. While in Asian countries, liver resection is one of the treatment options for advanced HCC, such as BCLC B/C. Recently, the treatment of HCC is about to enter a drastic transitional period. It started with the widespread use of minimally invasive surgery for HCC, followed by a high rate of hepatitis C virus eradication with the advent of direct acting antivirals and developing a multidisciplinary treatment for highly advanced HCC. As a result, the importance of liver resection for HCC is increasing, and it is time to reconsider the criteria for selecting treatment methods for HCC patients. This article outlines current topics in the surgical treatment of HCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11052023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Febuxostat, a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Decreased Macrophage Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Hypoxia
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-11-03), p. 470-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2020-11-03), p. 470-
    Abstract: Macrophages in the atheroma region produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and decrease plaque stability. Tissue oxygen tension decreases in the arterial wall of the atherosclerotic region. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a critical role in the transcriptional activation of hypoxia inducible genes. However, the precise roles of HIF-1α independent pathways in hypoxic responses are largely unknown. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme that utilizes molecular oxygen and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that ROS derived from XO increases MMP-3, -10, and -13 expression in murine macrophages. We found that the transcript levels of macrophage MMP-3, -10, and -13 were increased in hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia induced MMP expression in HIF-1α deficient macrophages. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or febuxostat, an XO inhibitor, suppressed MMP expression in murine macrophages. Febuxostat decreased the incidence of plaque rupture in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Our results indicate that febuxostat stabilized atherosclerotic plaque via suppressing the activities of macrophage MMP-9 and -13. Febuxostat administration is a potential therapeutic option in the management of atherosclerotic patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110470
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Outcomes of Window Therapy with Carboplatin and Ifosfamide for Pediatric Osteosarcoma: A Case Series
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Children Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2023-04-17), p. 736-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2023-04-17), p. 736-
    Abstract: For the treatment of osteosarcoma, cisplatin (CDDP) can be substituted by carboplatin (CBDCA) to reduce toxicity. We report a single institution experience of CBDCA-based regimen. Two to three cycles of CBDCA + ifosfamide (IFO) therapy (window therapy) were administered as neoadjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma. Depending on the response of window therapy, the subsequent protocols were determined; for good responders, surgery is performed, and postoperative therapies with CBDCA + IFO, adriamycin (ADM) and high-dose methotrexate (MTX) were administered; for stable disease, the postoperative regimens were advanced before surgery, and the remaining amount of postoperative chemotherapy is deduced; for progressive disease, CBDCA-based regimen is changed to CDDP-based regimen. From 2009 to 2019, seven patients were treated with this protocol. During the window therapy, two patients (28.6%) were assessed as good responders and completed the regimen as planned. Four patients (57.1%) had stable disease, and the chemotherapy schedules were modified. One patient (14.2%) with progressive disease was shifted to the CDDP-based regimen. At final follow-up, four patients showed no evidence of disease and three patients died of the disease. Since the efficacy during window therapy was limited, a CBDCA-based regimen in the neoadjuvant setting was considered insufficient for performing adequate surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children10040736
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Macrophage Activation Markers Predict Liver-Related Complications in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-29), p. 9814-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-29), p. 9814-
    Abstract: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) has a wide variation in clinical presentation and course. There is no significant correlation between these symptoms and the disease stage, although patients with more advanced stages generally have more symptoms. It is important to develop biomarkers in order to identify patients with an increased risk of complications and end-stage liver disease. This study investigated surrogate markers for risk estimation of PBC-related complications, including a study population of 77 patients with PBC who underwent liver biopsy and were measured for serum levels of macrophage activation markers, soluble CD163 (sCD163), soluble mannose receptor (sMR), and zonulin. Patients with PBC were divided into symptomatic (Group S, n = 20) and asymptomatic (Group A, n = 57) groups. The correlations of histological stages based on both Scheuer and Nakanuma classifications with the three serum markers were investigated. The Nakanuma classification involves grading for liver fibrosis and bile duct loss. The three biomarkers were assessed for their diagnostic ability to identify patients with PBC having high risk of developing complications. The predictive factors of these complications were examined as well. Group S had significantly higher serum sMR (p = 0.011) and sCD163 (p = 0.048) levels versus Group A. A composite index of sMR and sCD163 measurements had significantly better prediction performance than sCD163 alone (p = 0.012), although not when compared to sMR alone (p = 0.129). Serum sMR was an independent factor for developing complications on both univariate (Odds ratio (OR) = 30.20, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 3.410–267.0, p = 0.00220), and multivariate (OR = 33.70, 95% CI: 3.6600–311.0, p = 0.0019) analyses. Patients with PBC having sMR of ≥56.6 had a higher incidence of clinical complications versus those with a sMR of 〈 56.6. Serum sMR predicts the development of complications in patients with PBC. sMR plus sCD163 showed better predictive power than either marker alone, although the addition of sCD163 did not improve the predictive power of sMR. Future prospective studies are required in order to validate the findings of the present study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179814
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Comparisons of the Prevalence, Severity, and Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea between Japanese Female Athletes and Non-Athletes in Universities
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-21), p. 52-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-21), p. 52-
    Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the difference in the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of dysmenorrhea between Japanese female athletes and non-athletes in universities. The participants were 18 to 30 years old with no history of a previous pregnancy and/or childbirth. After application of the exclusion criteria, the cohort comprised 605 athletes and 295 non-athletes. An anonymous questionnaire, which included self-reported information on age, height, weight, age at menarche, menstrual cycle days, menstrual duration, dysmenorrhea severity, sleeping hours, dietary habits, exercise habits, training hours, and competition level was administered. Compared with athletes, non-athletes had a higher prevalence of dysmenorrhea (85.6% in athletes, 90.5% in non-athletes, p 〈 0.05); non-athletes also demonstrated increased severity (none/mild 27.8%, moderate 19.3%, and severe 52.9% in athletes; none/mild 21.2%, moderate 17.2%, and severe 61.6% in non-athletes; p 〈 0.05). Factors related to severe dysmenorrhea in athletes included long training hours, early menarche, and prolonged menstrual periods. In non-athletes, short menstrual cycle days and extended menstrual periods were related to severe dysmenorrhea. The prevalence and severity of dysmenorrhea were higher among non-athletes than among athletes; different factors were related to severe dysmenorrhea in these two groups. Thus, different strategies are necessary to manage dysmenorrhea for athletes and non-athletes in universities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010052
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Establishment of Novel High-Standard Chemiluminescent Assay for NTPase in Two Protozoans and Its High-Throughput Screening
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2020-03-13), p. 161-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2020-03-13), p. 161-
    Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a major protozoan parasite and infects human and many other warm-blooded animals. The infection leads to Toxoplasmosis, a serious issue in AIDS patients, organ transplant recipients and pregnant women. Neospora caninum, another type of protozoa, is closely related to Toxoplasma gondii. Infections of the protozoa in animals also causes serious diseases such as Encephalomyelitis and Myositis-Polyradiculitis in dogs or abortion in cows. Both Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum have similar nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases (NTPase), NcNTPase and TgNTPase-I in Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii, respectively. These possibly play important roles in propagation and survival. Thus, we targeted the enzymes for drug discovery and tried to establish a novel high-standard assay by a combination of original biochemical enzyme assay and fluorescent assay to determine ADP content. We then validated whether or not it can be applied to high-throughput screening (HTS). Then, it fulfilled criterion to carry out HTS in both of the enzymes. In order to identify small molecules having inhibitory effects on the protozoan enzyme, we also performed HTS using two synthetic compound libraries and an extract library derived from marine bacteria and then, identified 19 compounds and 6 extracts. Nagasaki University collected many extracts from over 18,000 marine bacteria found in local Omura bay, and continues to compile an extensive collection of synthetic compounds from numerous drug libraries established by Japanese chemists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md18030161
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Fluctuations in Intestinal Microbiota Following Ingestion of Natto Powder Containing Bacillus subtilis var. natto SONOMONO Spores: Considerations Using a Large-Scale Intestinal Microflora Database
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 3839-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2022-09-16), p. 3839-
    Abstract: Improving the intestinal microbiota using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has attracted attention as a method of disease prevention and treatment. This is the first study to discuss the effects of food intake on the intestinal microbiota using a large Japanese intestinal microbiota database. Here, as a case study, we determined changes in the intestinal microbiota caused by ingestion of a processed natto food containing B. subtilisvar. natto SONOMONO spores, SONOMONO NATTO POWDER CAPSULESTM, by analyzing 16S rRNA sequence data generated using next-generation sequencing techniques. The results showed that the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Blautia as well as the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium were increased in males and females in the ingesting group, respectively. Additionally, the effects of SONOMONO NATTO POWDER CAPSULESTM intake on Bifidobacterium and Blautia abundance depended on the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium at baseline. Finally, analysis of a large Japanese intestinal microbiota database suggested that the bacterial genera that fluctuated with the ingestion of SONOMONO NATTO POWDER CAPSULESTM may be associated with lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14183839
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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