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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Nopalea cochenillifera Biomass as Bioadsorbent in Water Purification
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2021-07-22), p. 2012-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2021-07-22), p. 2012-
    Kurzfassung: Contaminated water consumption is one of the greatest risks to human health, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Water is a universal right, but millions of people worldwide consume untreated surface water. The objective in this study is to evaluate water purification with Nopalea cochenillifera var. Miúda biomass. Fragments (1, 2, and 3 g) of N. cochenillifera were added to the aqueous solution containing red-yellow Chromic and Podzolic Luvisol simulating turbid water sources in Northeastern Brazil. The total, non-structural (i.e., reducing and non-reducing sugars, alcohol insoluble solids), and structural (i.e., pectin) carbohydrates, adsorption kinetics, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, zeta potential, and total coliforms presence were evaluated. Findings show that the Nopalea cochenillifera biomass adsorbed the suspended particles in the aqueous solution, making it more translucent due to the complex and heterogeneous adsorbents’ ion exchange matrix, but the biomass addition did not eliminate total coliforms from the aqueous solution. We concluded that the Nopalea cochenillifera biomass water treatment reduces suspended dissolved particles and turbidity, but it needs to be associated with other treatments to eliminate total coliforms and ensure water safety for human consumption.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13152012
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2521238-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Optimization of a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Different Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves Using a Response Surface Methodology
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-03), p. 1482-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-03), p. 1482-
    Kurzfassung: Pistacia lentiscus leaves are used in several applications, thanks to their polyphenolic abundance. Thiswork aimed to characterize the polyphenols and to optimize the extraction conditions to shorten the time, decrease the consumption of solvent, and to maximize the yield of different classes of phenolics, which have diverse industrial applications. The variables were optimized by applying a Box–Behnken design. Galloyl and myricetin derivatives were the most abundant compounds, and two new tetragalloyl derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. According to the models, the maximum yields of polyphenols (51.3 ± 1.8 mg g−1 DW) and tannins (40.2 ± 1.4 mg g−1 DW) were obtained using 0.12 L g−1 of 40% ethanol at 50 °C. The highest content of flavonoids (10.2 ± 0.8 mg g−1 DW) was obtained using 0.13 L g−1 of 50% ethanol at 50 °C, while 0.1 L g−1 of 30% ethanol at 30 °C resulted in higher amounts of myricitrin (2.6 ± 0.19 mg g−1 DW). Our optimized extraction decreased the ethanolic fraction by 25% and halved the time compared to other methods. These conditions can be applied differently to obtain P. lentiscus extracts richer in tannins or flavonoids, which might be employed for various purposes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9111482
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2704341-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Phenolic Compounds from Leaves and Flowers of Hibiscus roseus: Potential Skin Cosmetic Applications of an Under-Investigated Species
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-10), p. 522-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-10), p. 522-
    Kurzfassung: The use of plant extracts in skin-care cosmetics is a modern trend due to their richness in polyphenols that act as anti-aging molecules. Hibiscus roseus is a perennial species naturalized in Italy, with beautiful soft pink flowers; its phenolic composition and biological activities have not been studied yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the phenolics and to evaluate the antioxidant, sun protection factor (SPF), and anti-collagenase activities of the ethanolic extracts of H. roseus leaves (HL) and flowers (HF). p-Coumaric, chlorogenic, and trans-ferulic acids derivatives as well as quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids were the main phenolic compounds detected. Catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, tiliroside, oenin, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were detected only in HF, while phloridzin was exclusive from HL, which also showed greater amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HF was richer in flavonoids and total phenolics, also exhibiting greater antioxidant capacity. The SPF and anti-collagenase activity of both extracts were similar and comparable to those of synthetic standards. The overall results demonstrate that H. roseus extracts are promising sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that could be potentially applied as anti-aging agents in skin-care cosmetics.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10030522
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2704341-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Occupational Risks in Hospitals, Quality of Life, and Quality of Work Life: A Systematic Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-10-30), p. 11434-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-10-30), p. 11434-
    Kurzfassung: This study systematically reviewed the relationship between occupational risks and quality of life (QoL) and quality of work life (QWL) in hospitals. A systematic review was performed according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide, and the protocol was submitted on the PROSPERO website (CRD 2019127865). The last search was performed in June 2021 by two independent reviewers in the main databases, a gray literature database, and a manual search (LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Ovid). As eligibility criteria, we included observational studies, with adult hospital workers, with no restrictions on date and language, any type of instrument to assess QoL and QWL, any definition of QoL and QWL, and studies that presented the relationship between exposure and outcome. Newcastle–Ottawa was used to assess the methodological quality and RTI-Item Bank to assess the risk of bias. Given the impossibility of performing a meta-analysis, a qualitative synthesis was used to present the results. Thus, 11 studies met the criteria and were included in the review, with 6923 individuals aged 18 to 64 years. The studies were mainly carried out with health professionals (81.81%), women (63.60%), and in Asian countries (63.63%). All studies used different instruments and ways to categorize the QoL and QWL, and occupational risks. Only one study assessed occupational noise and another the ergonomic risk. All of them presented a relationship between occupational risk and quality of work life. They pointed to the need for measures to improve the lives of these professionals in the work environment. Therefore, studies show a relationship between occupational risks (noise, ergonomics, and stress) and workers’ perception of low or moderate quality of work life. However, more homogeneous studies are necessary for instruments, conceptualization, and categorization of quality of work life.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111434
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2175195-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Characterisation and Quenching Correction for an Al2O3:C Optical Fibre Real Time System in Therapeutic Proton, Helium, and Carbon-Charged Beams
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 9178-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 23 ( 2022-11-25), p. 9178-
    Kurzfassung: Real time radioluminescence fibre-based detectors were investigated for application in proton, helium, and carbon therapy dosimetry. The Al2O3:C probes are made of one single crystal (1 mm) and two droplets of micro powder in two sizes (38 μm and 4 μm) mixed with a water-equivalent binder. The fibres were irradiated behind different thicknesses of solid slabs, and the Bragg curves presented a quenching effect attributed to the nonlinear response of the radioluminescence (RL) signal as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). Experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to acquire a quenching correction method, adapted from Birks’ formulation, to restore the linear dose–response for particle therapy beams. The method for quenching correction was applied and yielded the best results for the ‘4 μm’ optical fibre probe, with an agreement at the Bragg peak of 1.4% (160 MeV), and 1.5% (230 MeV) for proton-charged particles; 2.4% (150 MeV/u) for helium-charged particles and of 4.8% (290 MeV/u) and 2.9% (400 MeV/u) for the carbon-charged particles. The most substantial deviations for the ‘4 μm’ optical fibre probe were found at the falloff regions, with ~3% (protons), ~5% (helium) and 6% (carbon).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22239178
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
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    Long-Term Lead Exposure Since Adolescence Causes Proteomic and Morphological Alterations in the Cerebellum Associated with Motor Deficits in Adult Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2020-05-18), p. 3571-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2020-05-18), p. 3571-
    Kurzfassung: Lead (Pb) is an environmental contaminant that presents a high risk for human health. We aimed to investigate the possible alterations triggered by the exposure to Pb acetate for a long period in motor performance and the possible relationship with biochemical, proteomic and morphological alterations in the cerebellum of rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 55 days, at 50 mg/Kg of Pb acetate, and the control animals received distilled water. Open field (OF) and rotarod tests; biochemistry parameters (MDA and nitrite); staining/immunostaining of Purkinje cells (PC), mature neurons (MN), myelin sheath (MS) and synaptic vesicles (SYN) and proteomic profile were analyzed. Pb deposition on the cerebellum area and this study drove to exploratory and locomotion deficits and a decrease in the number of PC, MN, SYN and MS staining/immunostaining. The levels of MDA and nitrite remained unchanged. The proteomic profile showed alterations in proteins responsible for neurotransmitters release, as well as receptor function and second messengers signaling, and also proteins involved in the process of apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that the long-term exposure to low Pb dose promoted locomotion and histological tracings, associated with alterations in the process of cell signaling, as well as death by apoptosis.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103571
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Assessing Student’s Achievement Gaps between Ethnic Groups in Brazil
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Intelligence Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2019-02-20), p. 7-
    Details
    In: Journal of Intelligence, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2019-02-20), p. 7-
    Kurzfassung: Achievement gaps refer to the difference in the performance on assessments of students belonging to different social groups. Achievement gaps between ethnic groups have been observed in countries with heterogeneous populations. In this paper, achievement gaps between ethnic populations in Brazil were analyzed by studying the performance of a large cohort of senior high-school students in a standardized national exam. Ethnic groups were stratified by Brazilian states and socio-economic variables to homogeneize the groups, and the analyses focused on the disciplines of mathematics and writing that involve different cognitive functions. A Welch’s t-test analysis was performed and key socio-economic variables that may explain the gaps were studied. The results show that gaps between ethnic groups of students living in low-income households were either statistically insignificant or small (2– 6 % ) if statistically significant. Larger gaps however were observed for students coming from high-income families in some contexts. Although parental education was associated with higher performance, it may either increase, decrease or maintain the gaps between White and Black, and between White and Pardo students. Our results support that socio-economic variables, linked to historical developments, have an impact on student’s performance irrespective of ethnic background, resulting on little to no influence on group performance when students are exposed to similar cultural and economic contexts.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-3200
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence7010007
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2721035-2
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Investigation of the Familial Risk of Rheumatic Heart Disease with Systematic Echocardiographic Screening: Data from the PROVAR+ Family Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-24), p. 139-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-24), p. 139-
    Kurzfassung: We aimed to use echocardiographic (echo) screening to evaluate the risk of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) among the relatives of patients with advanced RHD, who were enrolled in the University Hospital’s outpatient clinics from February 2020 to September 2021. Consenting first-degree relatives were invited for echo screening using handheld devices (GE VSCAN) by non-physicians, with remote interpretation. Matched controls (spouses, neighbors) living in the same household were enrolled in a 1:5 fashion. A standard echo (GE Vivid-IQ) was scheduled if abnormalities were observed. In 16 months, 226 relatives and 47 controls of 121 patients were screened, including 129 children, 77 siblings and 20 parents. The mean age was 40 ± 17 years, 67% of the patients were women, and 239 (88%) lived with the index case for 〉 10 years. Echo findings suggestive of RHD were confirmed in zero controls and 14 (7.5%) relatives (p = 0.05): 11 patients had mild/moderate mitral regurgitation, and four were associated with mitral stenosis and abnormal morphology. Two patients had mild aortic regurgitation and abnormal morphology, which were associated with mild aortic and mitral stenosis, and two patients with advanced RHD had bioprostheses in the mitral (2) and aortic (1) positions. In conclusion, first-degree relatives of individuals with clinical RHD are at greater risk of having RHD, on top of socioeconomic conditions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020139
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2695572-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Online-Ressource
    Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Leaf Phenolics of Three Medicinal Mediterranean Wild Species: What Is the Best Harvesting Moment to Obtain the Richest and the Most Antioxidant Extracts?
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2020-02-20), p. 956-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2020-02-20), p. 956-
    Kurzfassung: Mediterranean plants biosynthesize high amounts of polyphenols, which are important health-promoting compounds. Leaf polyphenolic composition changes according to environmental conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to know the temporal variation in their production. This study aimed to: i) evaluate the monthly and daily changes in polyphenols of Phyllirea latifolia, Cistus incanus, and Pistacia lentiscus to identify their best harvesting moment, ii) verify the possible correlations between phenolic production and temperature and irradiation, iii) evaluate their antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (OH)scavenging assays. The extracts of leaves harvested at 8:00, 13:00 and 18:00, in May, July, and October for two years were analysed by HPLC-DAD. Both “month” and “time of the day” affected the polyphenolic content in all species. July at 13:00 was the best harvesting moment for all polyphenolic classes of P. latifolia and only for some classes of C. incanus and P. lentiscus. Environmental parameters positively correlated with the polyphenols of C. incanus and P. latifolia, while the antioxidant capacity only varied in this last species, reaching the highest value in July. Results of the study allow to determine the balsamic time for each species. Moreover, the relationship between polyphenols and environmental data can be useful for the cultivation of these plants under controlled conditions.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040956
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2008644-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Real-Scale Integral Valorization of Waste Orange Peel via Hydrodynamic Cavitation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Processes Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2019-09-02), p. 581-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2019-09-02), p. 581-
    Kurzfassung: Waste orange peel represents a heavy burden for the orange juice industry, estimated in several million tons per year worldwide; nevertheless, this by-product is endowed with valuable bioactive compounds, such as pectin, polyphenols, and terpenes. The potential value of the waste orange peel has stimulated the search for extraction processes, alternative or complementary to landfilling or to the integral energy conversion. This study introduces controlled hydrodynamic cavitation as a new route to the integral valorization of this by-product, based on simple equipment, speed, effectiveness and efficiency, scalability, and compliance with green extraction principles. Waste orange peel, in batches of several kg, was processed in more than 100 L of water, without any other raw materials, in a device comprising a Venturi-shaped cavitation reactor. The extractions of pectin (with a remarkably low degree of esterification), polyphenols (flavanones and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives), and terpenes (mainly d-limonene) were effective and efficient (high yields within a few min of process time). The biomethane generation potential of the process residues was determined. The achieved results proved the viability of the proposed route to the integral valorization of waste orange peel, though wide margins exist for further improvements.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr7090581
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2720994-5
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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