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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antimicrobial Activities of Sponge-Derived Microorganisms from Coastal Waters of Central Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-08-08), p. 594-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-08-08), p. 594-
    Abstract: Bacteria associated with invertebrates are considered as good sources for biologically active compounds. Sponge-derived bacteria were screened for antimicrobial activities, the presence of the cluster genes of polyketide synthases (PKSs) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and through a colony picking method. Crude extracts of broth cultures were tested for microbial inhibition. Eleven out of 25 isolated strains showed inhibition of at least one of eight tested indicator microorganisms. Antimicrobial activities were observed in the strains coded HM5, HM6, and HM9 with the presence of NRPS and PKSII genes, whereas the isolate HM21 held both NRPS and PKSII and inhibited only the growth of Bacillus subtilis by the well diffusion method and only inhibited Serratia marcescens by the colony picking method. Two isolates, HM5 and HM6, belonged to the species of Bacillus. Interestingly, the isolate HM9 was nearest to Streptomyces mexicanusT NBRC100915 (GenBank accession number AB249966) with 94% sequence similarity. This potent strain HM9 could possibly be considered as a new species and a good source for bioactive compound discovery. Some isolates showed NRPS/PKS genes but did not exhibit antimicrobial activity. Thus, we suggested that both molecular and traditional methods should be conducted for the screening of antimicrobial producers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse8080594
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Fish Species and Toxins Implicated in a Snapper Food Poisoning Event in Sabah, Malaysia, 2017
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxins Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 657-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 657-
    Abstract: In the coastal countries of Southeast Asia, fish is a staple diet and certain fish species are food delicacies to local populations or commercially important to individual communities. Although there have been several suspected cases of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in Southeast Asian countries, few have been confirmed by ciguatoxins identification, resulting in limited information for the correct diagnosis of this food-borne disease. In the present study, ciguatoxin-1B (CTX-1B) in red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) implicated in a CFP case in Sabah, Malaysia, in December 2017 was determined by single-quadrupole selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Continuous consumption of the toxic fish likely resulted in CFP, even when the toxin concentration in the fish consumed was low. The identification of the fish species was performed using the molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene marker, with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lutjanus. This is the first report identifying the causative toxin in fish-implicated CFP in Malaysia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090657
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sero-Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in High-Risk Populations in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2021-06-11), p. 6353-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2021-06-11), p. 6353-
    Abstract: As a response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Vietnam enforced strict quarantine, contact tracing and physical distancing policies resulting in one of the lowest numbers of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity among high-risk populations in Vietnam. A prevalence survey was undertaken within four communities in Vietnam, where at least two COVID-19 cases had been confirmed. Participants were classified according to the location of exposure: household contacts, close contacts, community members, and healthcare workers (HCWs) responsible for treating COVID-19 cases. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified using a commercial assay. A total of 3049 community members and 149 health care workers consented to the study. Among 13 individuals who were seropositive (0.4%), five household contacts (5/27, 18.5%), one close contact (1/53, 1.9%), and seven community members (7/2954, 0.2%) had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. All HCWs were negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Participants were tested a median of 15.1 (interquartile range from 14.9 to 15.2) weeks after exposure. Our study found a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in high-risk communities and healthcare workers in communities in Vietnam with known COVID-19 cases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Evaluation of Programmatic Community-Based Chest X-ray Screening for Tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-12-10), p. 185-
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2020-12-10), p. 185-
    Abstract: Across Asia, a large proportion of people with tuberculosis (TB) do not report symptoms, have mild symptoms or only experience symptoms for a short duration. These individuals may not seek care at health facilities or may be missed by symptom screening, resulting in sustained TB transmission in the community. We evaluated the yields of TB from 114 days of community-based, mobile chest X-ray (CXR) screening. The yields at each step of the TB screening cascade were tabulated and we compared cohorts of participants who reported having a prolonged cough and those reporting no cough or one of short duration. We estimated the marginal yields of TB using different diagnostic algorithms and calculated the relative diagnostic costs and cost per case for each algorithm. A total of 34,529 participants were screened by CXR, detecting 256 people with Xpert-positive TB. Only 50% of those diagnosed with TB were detected among participants reporting a prolonged cough. The study’s screening algorithm detected almost 4 times as much TB as the National TB Program’s standard diagnostic algorithm. Community-based, mobile chest X-ray screening can be a high yielding strategy which is able to identify people with TB who would likely otherwise have been missed by existing health services.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2414-6366
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040185
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934690-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can a Short Food Supply Chain Create Sustainable Benefits for Small Farmers in Developing Countries? An Exploratory Study of Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 2443-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2021-02-24), p. 2443-
    Abstract: A number of studies have indicated that short food supply chains could create economic, social, and environmental benefits, but most of those chains were implemented in developed countries. This research aims to find out the characteristics of short food supply chains and their benefits to small farmers in Vietnam, which is a developing country, based on the survey results from 338 small farmers in the third quarter of 2020, with the support of Stata 14 software. The results showed that the short food supply chains in the survey sample in Vietnam were characterized by two main actors: small farmers and distributors. Farmers could sell products flexibly at the local market. There was some initial evidence to prove that these chains helped to stabilize the input, output price, and revenue; formulated sustainable income; and increased the satisfaction and confidence of farmers. They eliminated gender discrimination in rural areas and improved livelihood for ethnic minorities. These chains also enhanced the mindset on green, organic, and clean production of farmers, which in turn created environmental benefits. COVID-19 has posed a negative impact on the income of farmers and made them change their production and sales method. Therefore, the research could suggest some policies to sustainably develop the short food supply chains in Vietnam in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13052443
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of Calcite Mud from Paper Factories in Phosphorus Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2020-07-24), p. 5982-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2020-07-24), p. 5982-
    Abstract: To use calcite mud waste generated from the paper production process, calcite mud was treated by calcination and then applied as a sorbent agent to remove phosphorus from an aqueous solution. The pre-treatment muds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of calcite mud with different calcination temperatures on phosphorus removal were investigated. Different sorbent dosages, contact times, and initial phosphorus concentration conditions were also studied to understand the phosphorus removal mechanism. The results show that phosphorus removal efficiency was increased by increasing the calcination temperature of the mud. The phosphorus removal efficiency over 10 min increased by 35%, 82%, 98%, and 100% with 4.5, 6.75, 9.0, and 11.25 mg, respectively, of calcite mud calcined at 1000 °C. However, the efficiency decreased as initial phosphorus concentration increased. To study the phosphorus removal trend, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were used. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were also used to further investigate the phosphorus adsorption mechanism characteristics of the calcite mud.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su12155982
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Study on Extraction Process and Analysis of Components in Essential Oils of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Seeds Harvested in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Processes Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2019-01-22), p. 56-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2019-01-22), p. 56-
    Abstract: Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a tropical crop with extensive medicinal potential in ethnomedicine and nutraceutical applications. The essential oil of black pepper finds wide applications in inhabitation of respiratory infections and soothing of muscular pains due to its warming and energizing property. The pungent bioactive piperine is responsible for this function, and therefore, efficient technology is required for an optimal extraction process of this compound. In the present article, we have developed a procedure for extracting black pepper essential oil from Vietnam, optimizing conditions that affect the extraction process. The effect of process parameters, namely material size, preservation method, the concentration of sodium chloride, the concentration of soak time, the ratio of material to water, temperature extraction, time extraction on the extraction yield, and relative efficiency were investigated. Results demonstrated that 20 g of black pepper milled with a mesh size of 160 obtained 0.48 g of essential oil (2.4%) at a raw material to water ratio of 1/21 (g/mL) at 150 °C in a time of 5.2 h. GC-MS (Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) spectra showed that 3-carene (29.21%), D-limonene (20.94%), caryophyllene (15.05%), and β-pinene (9.77%) were present as major components. These results suggested that the essential oil extracted from Vietnamese black pepper is applicable in the manufacturing processes of insecticides and air deodorizers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr7020056
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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