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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Expression and Clinical Utility of Transcription Factors Involved in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition during Thyroid Cancer Progression
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 18 ( 2021-09-09), p. 4076-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 18 ( 2021-09-09), p. 4076-
    Abstract: The transcription factors involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT-TFs) silence the genes expressed in epithelial cells (e.g., E-cadherin) while inducing those typical of mesenchymal cells (e.g., vimentin). The core set of EMT-TFs comprises Zeb1, Zeb2, Snail1, Snail2, and Twist1. To date, information concerning their expression profile and clinical utility during thyroid cancer (TC) progression is still incomplete. We evaluated the EMT-TF, E-cadherin, and vimentin mRNA levels in 95 papillary TC (PTC) and 12 anaplastic TC (ATC) tissues and correlated them with patients’ clinicopathological parameters. Afterwards, we corroborated our findings by analyzing the data provided by a case study of the TGCA network. Compared with normal tissues, the expression of E-cadherin was found reduced in PTC and more strongly in ATC, while the vimentin expression did not vary. Among the EMT-TFs analyzed, Twist1 seems to exert a prominent role in EMT, being significantly associated with a number of PTC high-risk clinicopathological features and upregulated in ATC. Nonetheless, in the multivariate analysis, none of the EMT-TFs displayed a prognostic value. These data suggest that TC progression is characterized by an incomplete EMT and that Twist1 may represent a valuable therapeutic target warranting further investigation for the treatment of more aggressive thyroid cancers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    Synergistic Effect of Static Compliance and D-dimers to Predict Outcome of Patients with COVID-19-ARDS: A Prospective Multicenter Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 1228-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 1228-
    Abstract: The synergic combination of D-dimer (as proxy of thrombotic/vascular injury) and static compliance (as proxy of parenchymal injury) in predicting mortality in COVID-19-ARDS has not been systematically evaluated. The objective is to determine whether the combination of elevated D-dimer and low static compliance can predict mortality in patients with COVID-19-ARDS. A “training sample” (March–June 2020) and a “testing sample” (September 2020–January 2021) of adult patients invasively ventilated for COVID-19-ARDS were collected in nine hospitals. D-dimer and compliance in the first 24 h were recorded. Study outcome was all-cause mortality at 28-days. Cut-offs for D-dimer and compliance were identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Mutually exclusive groups were selected using classification tree analysis with chi-square automatic interaction detection. Time to death in the resulting groups was estimated with Cox regression adjusted for SOFA, sex, age, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and sample (training/testing). “Training” and “testing” samples amounted to 347 and 296 patients, respectively. Three groups were identified: D-dimer ≤ 1880 ng/mL (LD); D-dimer 〉 1880 ng/mL and compliance 〉 41 mL/cmH2O (LD-HC); D-dimer 〉 1880 ng/mL and compliance ≤ 41 mL/cmH2O (HD-LC). 28-days mortality progressively increased in the three groups (from 24% to 35% and 57% (training) and from 27% to 39% and 60% (testing), respectively; p 〈 0.01). Adjusted mortality was significantly higher in HD-LC group compared with LD (HR = 0.479, p 〈 0.001) and HD-HC (HR = 0.542, p 〈 0.01); no difference was found between LD and HD-HC. In conclusion, combination of high D-dimer and low static compliance identifies a clinical phenotype with high mortality in COVID-19-ARDS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091228
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
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    The Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in Differentiating Testicular Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2021-09-27), p. 8990-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2021-09-27), p. 8990-
    Abstract: Ultrasound (US) still represents the mainstay of scrotal imaging. However, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively novel, but increasingly utilized diagnostic modality. In consequence, we performed a systematic review (SR) and pooled meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic performance of CEUS in the evaluation of testicular masses (TM). A SR up to June 2021 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The diagnostic performance of CEUS was evaluated basing on two different endpoints: neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic and malignant vs. benign TM. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) from eligible studies were pooled and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were constructed for each endpoint. Overall, six qualified studies were deemed suitable for this meta-analysis. Diagnostic performance of CEUS showed an accuracy of 0.96 in detecting neoplastic masses (sensitivity of 0.89, PPV of 0.85, specificity of 0.62, and NPV of 0.69) and an accuracy of 0.96 in detecting malignant masses (sensitivity of 0.86, PPV of 0.73, specificity of 0.87, and NPV of 0.91). Taken together, CEUS may represent a promising minimally invasive diagnostic tool for characterization of TM, since it allows clinicians to identify neoplastic lesions and exclude malignant tumor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11198990
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Clinicopathological and Molecular Parameters on Disease Recurrence of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patient: A Retrospective Observational Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-04), p. 3637-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-12-04), p. 3637-
    Abstract: The American Joint Committee on Cancer has revised the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. We examined the impact of this new classification (TNM-8) on patient stratification and estimated the prognostic value of clinicopathological features for the disease-free interval (DFI) in a cohort of 1148 PTC patients. Kaplan–Meier analyses showed that all clinicopathological parameters analyzed, except age and multifocality, were associated significantly with DFI. Cox regression identified tall cell PTC variant and stage as independent risk factors for DFI. When the stage was replaced with age, tumor size, and lymph node (LN) metastases in the set of covariates, the lateral LN metastases stood out as the strongest independent predictor of DFI, followed by tall cell variant and age. A noteworthy result emerging from these analyzes is that regression models had lower Akaike and Bayesian information criterions if variables were categorized based on the TNM-7. In addition, we examined data from a different PTC patient cohort, acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, to verify whether the DFI prediction could be enhanced by further clinicopathological and molecular parameters. However, none of these was found to be a significant predictor of DFI in the Cox model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123637
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Phenomenological Effects of CPT and Lorentz Invariance Violation in Particle and Astroparticle Physics
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Symmetry Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-03), p. 1821-
    Details
    In: Symmetry, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-03), p. 1821-
    Abstract: It is well known that a fundamental theorem of Quantum Field Theory (QFT) set in flat spacetime ensures the CPT invariance of the theory. This symmetry is strictly connected to the Lorentz covariance, and consequently to the fundamental structure of spacetime. Therefore it may be interesting to investigate the possibility of departure from this fundamental symmetry, since it can furnish a window to observe possible effects of a more fundamental quantum gravity theory in a “lower energy limit”. Moreover, in the past, the inquiry of symmetry violations provided a starting point for new physics discoveries. A useful physical framework for this kind of search is provided by astroparticle physics, thanks to the high energy involved and to the long path travelled by particles accelerated by an astrophysical object and then revealed on Earth. Astrophysical messengers are therefore very important probes for investigating this sector, involving high energy photons, charged particles, and neutrinos of cosmic origin. In addition, one can also study artificial neutrino beams, investigated at accelerator experiments. Here we discuss the state of art for all these topics and some interesting new proposals, both from a theoretical and phenomenological point of view.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-8994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sym12111821
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518382-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Merkel Cell Polyomavirus DNA Detection in Respiratory Samples: Study of a Cohort of Patients Affected by Cystic Fibrosis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-06-21), p. 571-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-06-21), p. 571-
    Abstract: Background: The role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) as a respiratory pathogen is controversial, and it is still unclear in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to define the MCPyV prevalence and epidemiology in CF patients in order to gain new insights into the association between MCPyV infection and respiratory diseases. Methods: A one-year study was conducted testing oropharyngeal aspirate samples from 249 and 124 CF and non-CF patients, respectively. Detection of MCPyV was carried out by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, a sequence alignment to examine viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and a phylogenetic analysis were performed. Results: MCPyV DNA was detected in 65 out of 249 samples analyzed CF (26%), a percentage that was higher than that recorded in non-CF patients (0.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in MCPyV prevalence according to gender, while there was a correlation between MCPyV detection and age. Interestingly, an association between the presence of MCPyV and the concurrent isolation of Staphylococcus aureus was found. Sequence analysis of MCPyV VP1 and phylogenetic analysis revealed a 99% homology with the published sequences of these viruses in GenBank. Conclusions: Detection of MCPyV in CF patient specimens pointed out a possible interaction between the virus and CF. Further studies are necessary to fully understand the involvement of MCPyV in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v11060571
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Small Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-25), p. 2310-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-25), p. 2310-
    Abstract: Ultrasound (US) is a highly sensitive imaging tool in the detection of renal masses. However, the detection rate of small renal masses (SRMs) ( 〈 4 cm) is still limited. In this scenario, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively novel, but increasingly utilized, diagnostic modality which aims to increase the overall diagnostic ability in the identification of SRMs. In consequence, we performed a systematic review (SR) and pooled meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic performance of CEUS in the evaluation of SRMs confirmed by pathology. A SR up to April 2022 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The diagnostic performance of CEUS was evaluated basing on malignant vs. benign SMRs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) from eligible studies were pooled, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were constructed for each endpoint. Overall, five qualified studies were deemed suitable for this meta-analysis. Finally, diagnostic performance of CEUS showed an accuracy of 0.93 in detecting malignant masses (sensitivity of 0.94, PPV of 0.95, specificity of 0.78, and NPV of 0.73). Taken together, CEUS may represent a promising minimally invasive diagnostic tool for characterization of SMRs, since it allows clinicians to identify malignant lesions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102310
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Early and Late Efficacy on Wound Healing of Silver Nanoparticle Gel in Males after Circumcision
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-11), p. 1822-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2020-06-11), p. 1822-
    Abstract: We evaluate the early and late safety and efficacy of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) in wound healing after circumcision. This multicenter prospective comparative non-randomized observational study compares wound dressing with AgNPs (group A) vs. gentamicin cream (group B). Follow-up included objective evaluation at 10 and 30 days by the Southampton Scoring System (SSS) and Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES). We enrolled 392 males: 194 in group A, and 198 in group B. At 10 days follow-up, in group A, the SSS scale was grade 1 in 49.5% and grade 2 in the remaining; meanwhile, in group B, grade 1 was in 58%, grade 2 in 34.3%, and grade 4 in 7.6%. At 30 days follow-up, grade 1 healing was 97.4% and 98.4% in group A and B, respectively. At 10 days follow-up, the mean SBSES score was 3.58 and 3.69 in group A and B, respectively; while at 30 days follow-up, 4.81 and 4.76 in group A and B, respectively. Only in group B did 7.6% of males have antibiotic therapy due to pus discharge. No patients needed surgical wound revision. AgNPs led to a late but safer healing, they were non-inferior to the antibiotic cream wound dressing efficacy, and they avoided pus discharge and the need for oral antibiotics due to their polymer material.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061822
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    Present and Future Contributions of Reactor Experiments to Mass Ordering and Neutrino Oscillation Studies
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Universe Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2020-04-08), p. 52-
    Details
    In: Universe, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2020-04-08), p. 52-
    Abstract: After a long a glorious history, marked by the first direct proofs of neutrino existence and of the mixing between the first and third neutrino generations, the reactor antineutrino experiments are still well alive and will continue to give important contributions to the development of elementary particle physics and astrophysics. In parallel to the SBL (short baseline) experiments, that will be dedicated mainly to the search for sterile neutrinos, a new kind of experiments will start playing an important role: reactor experiments with a “medium” value, around 50 km, of the baseline, somehow in the middle between the SBL and the LBL (long baselines), like KamLAND, which in the recent past gave essential contributions to the developments of neutrino physics. These new medium baseline reactor experiments can be very important, mainly for the study of neutrino mass ordering. The first example of this kind, the liquid scintillator JUNO experiment, characterized by a very high mass and an unprecedented energy resolution, will soon start data collecting in China. Its main aspects are discussed here, together with its potentialities for what concerns the mass ordering investigation and also the other issues that can be studied with this detector, spanning from the accurate oscillation parameter determination to the study of solar neutrinos, geoneutrinos, atmospheric neutrinos and neutrinos emitted by supernovas and to the search for signals of potential Lorentz invariance violation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1997
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/universe6040052
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813994-X
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  • 10
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    Insights on the Association between Thyroid Diseases and Colorectal Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 2234-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 2234-
    Abstract: Benign and malignant thyroid diseases (TDs) have been associated with the occurrence of extrathyroidal malignancies (EMs), including colorectal cancers (CRCs). Such associations have generated a major interest, as their characterization may provide useful clues regarding diseases’ etiology and/or progression, with the possible identification of shared congenital and environmental elements. On the other hand, elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanism(s) could lead to an improved and tailored clinical management of these patients and stimulate an increased surveillance of TD patients at higher threat of developing EMs. Here, we will examine the epidemiological, clinical, and molecular findings connecting TD and CRC, with the aim to identify possible molecular mechanism(s) responsible for such diseases’ relationship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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