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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Improving Indicators of Hydrological Alteration in Regulated and Complex Water Resources Systems: A Case Study in the Duero River Basin
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Water Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-27), p. 2676-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2021-09-27), p. 2676-
    Kurzfassung: Assessing the health of hydrological systems is vital for the conservation of river ecosystems. The indicators of hydrologic alteration are among the most widely used parameters. They have been traditionally assessed at the scale of river reaches. However, the use of such indicators at the basin scale is relevant for water resource management since there is an urgent need to meet environmental objectives to mitigate the effects of present and future climatic conditions. This work proposes a methodology to estimate the indicators of hydrological alteration at the basin scale in regulated systems based on simulations with a water allocation model. The methodology is illustrated through a case study in the Iberian Peninsula (the Duero River basin), where different minimum flow scenarios were defined, assessing their effects on both the hydrological alteration and the demand guarantees. The results indicate that it is possible to improve the hydrological status of some subsystems of the basin without affecting the water demand supplies. Thus, the methodology presented in this work will help decision makers to optimize water management while improving the hydrological status of the river basins.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w13192676
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2521238-2
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  • 2
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    Physicochemical Evaluation of Cushuro (Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault) in the Region of Moquegua for Food Purposes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 1939-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-05-10), p. 1939-
    Kurzfassung: The cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. contains considerable amounts of protein, iron, and calcium that could mitigate the problems of anemia and malnutrition in humans. However, the nutritional value of the edible species Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault, which grows in the Moquegua region, is unknown. Descriptive research was developed, and samples were obtained from the community of Aruntaya, located in the region of Moquegua. Water samples were taken at two different points (spring and reservoir), and samples of the cyanobacteria were taken in the reservoir. The design used was completely randomized, with three repetitions. Sixteen characteristics associated with the water collected at two points were evaluated, and from the nutritional point of view, seven characteristics were evaluated in the collected algae. The physicochemical characteristics were determined using methods established in the Codex Alimentarius. For the morphological characterization at the macroscopic level, it was observed that the seaweed collected was spherical in shape, grayish-green in color, soft to the touch, and palatable. After carrying out the physicochemical and morphological characterization of the collected samples, it was verified that all were of N. sphaericum. When comparing the sixteen characteristics related to water at the two collection sites, highly significant differences (p 〈 0.01) were observed for most of the variables evaluated. The average data of the characteristics of the algae showed protein values of 28.18 ± 0.33%, carbohydrates of 62.07 ± 0.69%, fat of 0.71 ± 0.02%, fiber of 0.91 ± 0.02%, ash of 7.68 ± 0.10%, and moisture of 0.22 ± 0.01%. Likewise, calcium reported an average value of 377.80 ± 1.43 mg/100 g and iron of 4.76 ± 0.08 mg/100 g. High correlations (positive and negative) were obtained by evaluating seven characteristics associated with the reservoir water where the algae grew in relation to eight nutritional characteristics of the algae. In relation to the nutritional value, the amounts of protein, iron, and calcium exceed the main foods of daily intake. Therefore, it could be considered a nutritious food to combat anemia and malnutrition.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12101939
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
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  • 3
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    Stiff-Eye Syndrome—Anti-GAD Ataxia Presenting with Isolated Ophthalmoplegia: A Case Report
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-14), p. 932-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-07-14), p. 932-
    Kurzfassung: Anti-GAD ataxia is one of the most common forms of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias. Many neurological syndromes have been reported in association with anti-GAD. Ophthalmoparesis has been described in stiff person syndrome. We report a case of anti-GAD ataxia presenting initially with isolated ophthalmoplegia and showing complete resolution after immunotherapy. A 26-year-old male patient presented with ophthalmoparesis characterized by tonic upwards deviation of the right eye. In the following month, he developed progressive ataxia with anti-GAD titers of 1972 UI/mL. After treatment with methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin, there was complete resolution of symptoms and anti-GAD titers decreased. This is the first report of isolated ophthalmoparesis due to tonic eye deviation associated with anti-GAD antibodies without stiff-person syndrome. Tonic eye deviation has been reported in SPS, possibly secondary to continuous discharge in gaze holding neurons in the brainstem (similar to what occurs in spinal motor neurons). With growing evidence for ocular abnormalitites in SPS, anti-GAD associated neurological syndromes should be included in the differential diagnosis of isolated ophthalmoplegia.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070932
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2651993-8
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  • 4
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    Projected Hydroclimate Changes on Hispaniola Island through the 21st Century in CMIP6 Models
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 6-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 6-
    Kurzfassung: Climate change might increase the frequency and severity of longer-lasting drought in the Caribbean, including in Hispaniola Island. Nevertheless, the hydroclimate changes projected by the state-of-the-art earth system models across the island remain unknown. Here, we assess 21st-century changes in hydroclimate over Hispaniola Island using precipitation, temperature, and surface soil moisture data from the 6th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The resulting analysis indicates, as with the previous 5th Phase of CMIP (CMIP5) models, that Hispaniola Island might see a significant drying through the 21st century. The aridity appears to be robust in most of the island following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 5–8.6, which assumes the “worst case” greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. We find a significant reduction in both annual mean precipitation and surface soil moisture (soil’s upper 10 cm), although it appears to be more pronounced for precipitation (up to 26% and 11% for precipitation and surface soil moisture, respectively). Even though we provide insights into future hydroclimate changes on Hispaniola Island, CMIP6’s intrinsic uncertainties and native horizontal resolution precludes us to better assess these changes at local scales. As such, we consider future dynamical downscaling efforts that might help us to better inform policy-makers and stakeholders in terms of drought risk.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos12010006
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Successful Integration of Clinical Pharmacists in an OPAT Program: A Real-Life Multidisciplinary Circuit
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-08-19), p. 1124-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-08-19), p. 1124-
    Kurzfassung: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) programs encompass a range of healthcare processes aiming to treat infections at home, with the preferential use of the intravenous route. Although several barriers arise during the implementation of OPAT circuits, recent cumulative data have supported the effectiveness of these programs, demonstrating their application in a safe and cost-effective manner. Given that OPAT is evolving towards treating patients with higher complexity, a multidisciplinary team including physicians, pharmacists, and nursing staff should lead the program. The professionals involved require previous experience in infectious diseases treatment as well as in outpatient healthcare and self-administration. As we describe here, clinical pharmacists exert a key role in OPAT multidisciplinary teams. Their intervention is essential to optimize antimicrobial prescriptions through their participation in stewardship programs as well as to closely follow patients from a pharmacotherapeutic perspective. Moreover, pharmacists provide specialized counseling on antimicrobial treatment technical compounding. In fact, OPAT elaboration in sterile environments and pharmacy department clean rooms increases OPAT stability and safety, enhancing the quality of the program. In summary, building multidisciplinary teams with the involvement of clinical pharmacists improves the management of home-treated infections, promoting a safe self-administration and increasing OPAT patients’ quality of life.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081124
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Launching the VASCO Citizen Science Project
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Universe Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-10-27), p. 561-
    Details
    In: Universe, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-10-27), p. 561-
    Kurzfassung: The Vanishing & Appearing Sources during a Century of Observations (VASCO) project investigates astronomical surveys spanning a time interval of 70 years, searching for unusual and exotic transients. We present herein the VASCO Citizen Science Project, which can identify unusual candidates driven by three different approaches: hypothesis, exploratory, and machine learning, which is particularly useful for SETI searches. To address the big data challenge, VASCO combines three methods: the Virtual Observatory, user-aided machine learning, and visual inspection through citizen science. Here we demonstrate the citizen science project and its improved candidate selection process, and we give a progress report. We also present the VASCO citizen science network led by amateur astronomy associations mainly located in Algeria, Cameroon, and Nigeria. At the moment of writing, the citizen science project has carefully examined 15,593 candidate image pairs in the data (ca. 10% of the candidates), and has so far identified 798 objects classified as “vanished”. The most interesting candidates will be followed up with optical and infrared imaging, together with the observations by the most potent radio telescopes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2218-1997
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/universe8110561
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2813994-X
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  • 7
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    Environmental Impacts of Energy Saving Actions in an Academic Building
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-02-14), p. 989-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-02-14), p. 989-
    Kurzfassung: Global warming and climate change effects have been of such impact that several countries around the world are enforcing public policies to mitigate them. Mexico has shown a strong commitment to the environment and rational use of energy, as signed on the General Law for Climate Change (GLCC) and stating, in its second article, the goal of a 30% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020. To add to this goal, the Hermosillo Institute of Technology is implementing a pilot energy saving program that mixes retrofitting of academic buildings and the implementation of automatic controls for lighting and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC). The retrofitting is performed by replacing fluorescent T8 tubes with high efficiency LED T8 tubes in a new arrangement. To increase the energy saving obtained by the retrofitting, a building automation and control system (BACS) has been developed and installed. The BACS is implemented using two different networks, the first one communicates a central control unit with the building control node using a private Ethernet network. Inside the building, the control actions are transmitted using a ZigBee network. The energy savings have been estimated as 4864 kWh/year, representing a 36.42% saving, the environmental and health effects are calculated using emission parameters of the nearest power plant to our site, and the procedure presented in Harvard’s Six Cities Study by Dockery. Results show a total CO2eq equivalent to 0.000409% of the national goal. The economic impacts of the carbon social cost and health benefits are $745.26 USD/year and $4017.71 USD/year while the direct billing savings are $3700.56 USD/year, and these results are based on only one building of the campus.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11040989
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Modifies the Changes Induced in Non-Nervous Organs and Tissues by Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Models
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-14), p. 2448-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-10-14), p. 2448-
    Kurzfassung: This study reveals the existence of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) in non-nervous organs and tissues in multiple sclerosis (MS) by means of a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. This model reproduces a similar situation to MS, as well as its relationship with intestinal microbiota starting from the changes in bacterial lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS) in the outer wall of the gram-negative bacteria. Finally, the administration of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), hydroxytirosol (HT), and oleic acid (OA) exert beneficial effects. Twenty-five Dark Agouti two-month-old male rats, weighing around 190 g, were distributed into the following groups: Control, EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis group), EAE + EVOO, EAE + HT, and EAE + OA. The glutathione redox system with the EAE was measured in heart, kidney, liver, and small and large intestines. The LPS and the correlation with oxidative stress in the small and large intestines were also investigated. The results showed that (1) the oxidative damage in the EAE model affects non-nervous organs and tissues; (2) The LPS is related to inflammatory phenomena and oxidative stress in the intestinal tissue and in other organs; (3) The administration of EVOO, HT, and OA reduces the LPS levels at the same time as minimizing the oxidative damage; (4) EVOO, HT, and OA improve the disease’s clinical score; and (5) on balance, EVOO offers a better neuroprotective effect.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu11102448
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    Chagas Disease Megaesophagus Patients Carrying Variant MRPS18B P260A Display Nitro-Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Response to IFN-γ Stimulus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-07), p. 2215-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-07), p. 2215-
    Kurzfassung: Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects 8 million people, and around 1/3 develop chronic cardiac (CCC) or digestive disease (megaesophagus/megacolon), while the majority remain asymptomatic, in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease (ASY). Most CCC cases in families with multiple Chagas disease patients carry damaging mutations in mitochondrial genes. We searched for exonic mutations associated to chagasic megaesophagus (CME) in genes essential to mitochondrial processes. We performed whole exome sequencing of 13 CME and 45 ASY patients. We found the damaging variant MRPS18B 688C 〉 G P230A, in five out of the 13 CME patients (one of them being homozygous; 38.4%), while the variant appeared in one out of 45 ASY patients (2.2%). We analyzed the interferon (IFN)-γ-induced nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial function of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. We found the CME carriers of the mutation displayed increased levels of nitrite and nitrated proteins; in addition, the homozygous (G/G) CME patient also showed increased mitochondrial superoxide and reduced levels of ATP production. The results suggest that pathogenic mitochondrial mutations may contribute to cytokine-induced nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesize that, in mutation carriers, IFN-γ produced in the esophageal myenteric plexus might cause nitro-oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons, contributing to megaesophagus.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092215
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2720867-9
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  • 10
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    Short-Term Axial Length Changes in Myopic Eyes Induced by Defocus Spectacles for Myopia Control
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Photonics Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2023-06-08), p. 668-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2023-06-08), p. 668-
    Kurzfassung: Background. This study tested short-term axial length changes with Lenstar using a simple peripheral plus-add spectacle design. Methods. The subjects for this study were current users of monofocal glasses or contact lenses, aged 18–25 years, with myopic spherical refractions ranging from −1.00 to −5.00 diopters in both eyes. This study tested subjects while using a pair of special defocus spectacles that possess a central zone with the distance myopic correction and a peripheral zone with +3.50 added diopters. The procedure consisted of reading an online book with black letters on white background on a desktop computer, in two periods—one with the usual spectacles and the second with special defocus spectacles. Before and after these periods, 10 axial length measurements of the right eye were made with Lenstar and averaged up to three decimal points. Results. Seventeen subjects (thirteen female and four male; mean age 22.3 ± 5.5 years) participated in this study. The mean spherical equivalent of their right eye was −2.31 ± 1.06 diopters. There was a significant difference of +8.1 microns which increased the axial length from baseline when reading the usual prescription levels during the first 40 min period. When subjects read in the same situation with the defocus spectacles, the axial length significantly returned to baseline measurements, which were shortened by −10.6 microns. Conclusions. The decrease in axial length with these spectacles might indicate an effect on axial elongation signals from the choroid. These spectacles could be tested for myopia control purposes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics10060668
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2770002-1
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