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  • MDPI AG  (8)
  • Zhang, Jiayin  (8)
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  • MDPI AG  (8)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effects of Carbon, Nitrogen, Ambient pH and Light on Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, Sorbicillinoid Biosynthesis and Related Gene Expression in Ustilaginoidea virens
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2023-03-23), p. 390-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2023-03-23), p. 390-
    Kurzfassung: Sorbicillinoids are a class of hexaketide metabolites produced by Ustilaginoidea virens (teleomorph: Villosiclava virens), an important fungal pathogen that causes a devastating rice disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of environmental factors, including carbon and nitrogen sources, ambient pH and light exposure, on mycelial growth, sporulation, as well as the accumulation of sorbicillinoids, and the expression of related genes involved in sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. It was found that the environmental factors had great influences on mycelial growth and sporulation of U. virens. Fructose and glucose, complex nitrogen sources, acidic conditions and light exposure were favorable for sorbicillinoid production. The relative transcript levels of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis genes were up-regulated when U. virens was separately treated with those environmental factors that favored sorbicillinoid production, indicating that sorbicillinoid biosynthesis was mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by different environmental factors. Two pathway-specific transcription factor genes, UvSorR1 and UvSorR2, were found to participate in the regulation of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis. These results will provide useful information to better understand the regulation mechanisms of sorbicillinoid biosynthesis, and be conducive to develop effective means for controlling sorbicillinoid production in U. virens.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9040390
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2784229-0
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Organic or Inorganic Amendments Influence Microbial Community in Rhizosphere and Decreases the Incidence of Tomato Bacterial Wilt
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-30), p. 3029-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-30), p. 3029-
    Kurzfassung: There are many kinds of soil amendments that consist of different materials. The soil amendment is usually of benefit to plant health. However, the effects of the soil amendments on plant disease have rarely been compared and the involved mechanisms are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the influences of five contrasting soil amendments (i.e., potassium silicate (PS), calcium silicate (CS), biochar (BC), calcium silicate humic acid (SCHA), and bio-organic fertilizer (BOF)) on tomato bacterial wilt. In addition, we dissected the mechanism with high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that BC, SCHA, and BOF significantly reduced the incidence and delayed the disease, while BOF significantly reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt disease in the whole tomato growing period. In the early stage of the disease, BC, SCHA, and BOF significantly reduced the soil pH compared to CK. However, the contents of soil NH4+-N and NO3−-N were significantly increased. Some beneficial bacteria genera (Burkholderia, Mortierella, and Trichoderma) had a certain correlation with the incidence. Burkholderia and Mortierella were negatively associated with morbidity, but Trichoderma was positively associated with morbidity. Particularly, the Spearman correlation and the least partial squares path analysis indicated that Trichoderma was significantly positively correlated with the disease incidence, the soil physicochemical properties, and the numbers of soil pathogens (NSP) were significantly positively correlated with the number of root pathogens (NRP) and the physicochemical properties of plants were negatively correlated with the disease incidence. Moreover, BOF had better inhibitory effect on the occurrence of tomato bacterial wilt. Our results have implications for the better integrated management of tomato bacterial wilt.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12123029
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Dynamic Recrystallization Simulation for X12 Alloy Steel by CA Method Based on Modified L-J Dislocation Density Model
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Metals Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-30), p. 1291-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-30), p. 1291-
    Kurzfassung: Hot compressive behaviors of X12 alloy steel were investigated using a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanical simulator in a temperature range from 1050 to 1250 °C and with a range of strain rates from 0.05 to 5 s−1 and a maximum true strain of 0.7. Stress–strain curves were obtained under various deformation conditions. A modified Laasraoui–Jonas (L-J) dislocation density model of X12 alloy steel was established for the given ranges of strain rate and temperature. On the basis of this dislocation density model, a cellular automaton (CA) model was constructed and used to simulate microstructure evolution during the hot compression process. Microstructure and grain size of X12 were predicted for different deformation conditions. The simulated grain size was compared with the actual grain size measured with metallographic photos. An average relative error of grain size was determined to be 6%, indicating that the modified L-J dislocation density model can accurately predict dynamic recrystallization behaviors of X12 alloy steel in hot forging processes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met9121291
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2662252-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Sustainability Lens on the Paradox of Chinese Learners: Four Studies on Chinese Students’ Learning Concepts under Li’s “Virtue–Mind” Framework
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-12), p. 3334-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-12), p. 3334-
    Kurzfassung: The paradox of Chinese learners refers to a contrast between poor learning approaches and high achievement in China, which reveals a lack of sustainability in Chinese education. In addressing this paradox, Jin Li stood out by studying culture-based learning concepts and providing a comprehensive theoretical framework of the Eastern virtue model versus the Western mind model. However, this framework has not been thoroughly tested in the age of global cultural exchange, and the best learning model for learners has not been determined. This paper used both qualitative (replicating Li’s word association test) and quantitative methods to retest and enrich Li’s theory in present-day China, using four empirical studies. Studies 1 and 2 revealed the influence of global cultural exchange in narrowing the gap between the two models, with appropriate modifications made to Li’s theory. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated that both of the two models were conducive to students’ academic achievement and creativity, greatly enriching Li’s theory. The implications of achieving a dynamic balance between the virtue model and the mind model to improve the sustainability of Chinese student development are discussed, which contributes to achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14063334
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2518383-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Volatile Organic Compounds from Rice Rhizosphere Bacteria Inhibit Growth of the Pathogen Rhizoctonia solani
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-19), p. 368-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2021-04-19), p. 368-
    Kurzfassung: Rice sheath blight, a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, seriously threatens rice production. Some of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microbes are inhibitory to the growth of the plant pathogen, and hence may have the potential as environmentally friendly antifungal substances. However, information on the inhibitory effect of VOCs released by rice rhizosphere bacteria on R. solani is scarce. In this study, bacteria from the rice rhizosphere capable of inhibiting the growth of R. solani via releasing VOCs were screened using a double Petri dish assay. Headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to identify and quantify the VOCs. The contributions of VOCs to the inhibition of the growth of R. solani were estimated by constructing a random forest model, and were verified using pure compounds. Nine strains (i.e., Pseudomonas sp. No. 3, Enterobacter sp. No. 26, Enterobacter sp. No. 34, Pseudomonas sp. No. 35, Ralstonia sp. No. 50, Bacillus sp. No. 62, Arthrobacter sp. No. 146, Brevibacillus sp. No. 2–18, and Paenisporosarcina sp. No. 2–60) showed various inhibition on R. solani growth via VOCs. The inhibitory effect ranged from 7.84% to 100%, with Ralstonia sp. No. 50 completely inhibiting the growth of R. solani. Five VOCs (i.e., benzoic acid ethyl ester, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one) identified by random forest model were confirmed to be toxic to R. solani when applied as a pure chemical compound. In particular, benzoic acid ethyl ester, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol were lethal to R. solani. In summary, the rice rhizosphere bacteria (Ralstonia sp. No. 50) and VOCs (benzoic acid ethyl ester, 3-methyl-butanoic acid, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) showed potential to be used as new resources for biological control of rice sheath blight.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture11040368
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2651678-0
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Recent Advances in Search of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Fungi Triggered by Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-01-28), p. 172-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2023-01-28), p. 172-
    Kurzfassung: Genomic analysis has demonstrated that many fungi possess essential gene clusters for the production of previously unobserved secondary metabolites; however, these genes are normally reduced or silenced under most conditions. These cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters have become treasures of new bioactive secondary metabolites. The induction of these biosynthetic gene clusters under stress or special conditions can improve the titers of known compounds or the production of novel compounds. Among the inducing strategies, chemical-epigenetic regulation is considered a powerful approach, and it uses small-molecule epigenetic modifiers, which mainly act as the inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase, and histone acetyltransferase, to promote changes in the structure of DNA, histones, and proteasomes and to further activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites. These epigenetic modifiers mainly include 5-azacytidine, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, suberoyl bishydroxamic acid, sodium butyrate, and nicotinamide. This review gives an overview on the method of chemical epigenetic modifiers to trigger silent or low-expressed biosynthetic pathways to yield bioactive natural products through external cues of fungi, mainly based on the research progress in the period from 2007 to 2022. The production of about 540 fungal secondary metabolites was found to be induced or enhanced by chemical epigenetic modifiers. Some of them exhibited significant biological activities such as cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9020172
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2784229-0
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Vps4a Regulates Autophagic Flux to Prevent Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-28), p. 10800-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-28), p. 10800-
    Kurzfassung: Autophagy has stabilizing functions for cardiomyocytes. Recent studies indicate that an impairment in the autophagy pathway can seriously affect morphology and function, potentially leading to heart failure. However, the role and the underlying mechanism of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) family protein, in particular the AAA-ATPase vacuolar protein sorting 4a (Vps4a), in regulating myocardial autophagy remains unclear. In the present study, cardiomyocyte-specific Vps4a knockout mice were generated by crossing Vps4aflox/flox (Vps4afl/fl) with Myh6-cre transgenic mice. As a result, we observed a partially dilated left ventricular (LV) chamber, a significant increase in heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), and heart weight to tibial length ratio (HW/TL), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and early lethality starting at 3 months of age. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and Western blot (WB) revealed autophagosome accumulation in cardiomyocytes. A transcriptome-based analysis and autophagic flux tracking by AAV-RFP-GFP-LC3 showed that the autophagic flux was blocked in Vps4a knockout cardiomyocytes. In addition, we provided in vitro evidence demonstrating that Vps4a and LC3 were partially co-localized in cardiomyocytes, and the knockdown of Vps4a led to the accumulation of autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes. Similarly, the transfection of cardiomyocytes with adenovirus (Adv) mCherry-GFP-LC3 further indicated that the autophagic flux was blocked in cells with deficient levels of Vps4a. Finally, an electron microscope (EM) showed that the compromised sealing of autophagosome blocked the autophagic flux in Vps4a-depleted cardiomyocytes. These findings revealed that Vps4a contributed to the sealing of autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we demonstrated that Vps4a deletion could block the autophagic flux, leading to the accumulation of degradation substances and compromised cardiac function. Overall, this study provides insights into a new theoretical basis for which autophagy may represent a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310800
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Biomass and Phosphorus Accumulation and Partitioning of Geranium and Coleus in Response to Phosphorus Availability and Growth Phase
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-28), p. 813-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-28), p. 813-
    Kurzfassung: This study was conducted to examine plant biomass and phosphorus (P) accumulation and partitioning in response P availability and to determine the optimal P concentration during growth phases of two plant species with contrasting growth characteristics: geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) “Bullseye Scarlet”, a flowering plant, and coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd) “Chocolate Mint”, a foliage plant. Plants were grown in inert media (1:1 mixture of perlite and vermiculite) with complete nutrient solutions containing a range of P concentrations considered low (3 and 5 mg/L), intermediate (10 and 15 mg/L), and high (20 and 30 mg/L). Higher P rates logarithmically increased shoot and root dry mass of geranium and coleus plants regardless of the growth phase, but linearly enhanced flower dry mass of reproductive geranium plants resulting from the accelerated flower development. During the vegetative phase, the intermediate-P increased the shoot biomass production of geranium plants, but high-P was more effective for coleus plants. During the reproductive phase, however, the intermediate-P increased shoot biomass production of both geranium and coleus plants to the level achieved by high-P. The change from vegetative to reproductive phase increased the relative biomass to flowers, roots, and shoots of reproductive geranium plants and roots and shoots of reproductive coleus plants in decreasing orders, resulting in an increased root-to-shoot ratio. The P content of all plant parts showed a logarithmical increase with higher P rates for reproductive geranium plants but a linear increase for reproductive coleus plants. During the reproductive phase, a higher proportion of acquired P was allocated to flowers of low-P geranium plants than the roots of high-P coleus. Our results demonstrate that geranium plants require intermediate-P throughout the growth phases, while coleus plants require high-P during the vegetative phase and intermediate-P during the reproductive phase. P-use efficiency (PUE) ranged from 5 to 15% in high-P, which was improved with intermediate-P by 36 to 70%. To further improve PUE, the application method also needs to be taken into consideration such that the fertigation volume is reduced during the vegetative phase and increased before the reproductive phase.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120813
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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