Anmerkung: 9780128130827_WEB01 -- Front Cover -- Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences -- Copyright -- Permission Acknowledgement -- Upper Ocean Processes -- Penetrating Shortwave Radiation -- References -- Shelf Sea and Shelf Slope Fronts -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Submesoscale Processes -- References -- Surface Films -- References -- Upper Ocean Heat and Freshwater Budgets -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Web Pages -- Upper Ocean Mean Horizontal Structure -- Further Reading -- Upper Ocean Mixing -- Further Reading -- Upper Ocean Structure: Ekman Transport and Pumping -- Further Reading -- Upper Ocean Structure: Responses to Strong Atmospheric Forcing Events -- References -- Further Reading -- Upper Ocean Vertical Structure -- Further Reading -- Wave-Driven Upper Ocean Processes -- References -- Further Reading -- Wind- and Buoyancy-Forced Upper Ocean -- References -- Further Reading -- Elemental Distribution -- Elemental Distribution: Overview -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Anthropogenic Trace Elements in the Ocean -- Further Reading -- Artificial Radionuclides -- References -- Further Reading -- Conservative Elements -- References -- Further Reading -- Metalloids and Oxyanions -- Further Reading -- Oxygen -- References -- Further Reading -- Platinum Group Elements and Their Isotopes in the Ocean -- References -- Rare Earth Elements and Their Isotopes in the Ocean -- References -- Further Reading -- Refractory Metals -- Further Reading -- Trace Metal Nutrients -- Further Reading -- Transition Metals and Heavy Metal Speciation -- References -- Further Reading -- Ocean Process Tracers -- CFCs and SF6 as Tracers of Ocean Processes -- References -- Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Measurements -- Further Reading -- Radiocarbon-Based Insights into the Biogeochemical Cycles of Marine Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon. , References -- Cosmogenic Isotopes -- Further Reading -- Nitrogen Isotopes in the Ocean -- Further Reading -- Noble Gases and the Cryosphere -- References -- Further Reading -- Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Related Discharges -- Further Reading -- Modeling of Ocean Carbon System -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Open Ocean Distribution and Applications of Natural and Bomb-Produced Delta14C -- Conclusions -- Reference -- Further Reading -- Oxygen Isotopes in the Ocean -- References -- Further Reading -- Redox-Sensitive Metals -- Further Reading -- The Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition of the Oceans -- References -- Further Reading -- Tracer Release Experiments -- Further Reading -- Tracers of Ocean Productivity -- Further Reading -- Tritium-Helium Dating -- Further Reading -- Uranium-Thorium Decay Series in the Oceans: Overview -- References -- Further Reading -- Uranium-Thorium Radionuclides in Ocean Profiles -- Further Reading -- Volcanic Helium -- References -- Further Reading -- Nutrient Cycling -- Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Cycle -- References -- Further Reading -- Nitrogen Cycle -- References -- Ocean Carbon Cycle -- References -- Ocean Iron Fertilization -- References -- Further Reading -- Phosphorus Cycle -- Further Reading -- Redfield Ratio -- References -- The Global Marine Silica Budget: Sources and Sinks -- References -- Further Reading -- Primary Production -- Approaches to Measuring Marine Primary Production -- Further Reading -- Aquatic Flow Cytometry -- References -- Relevant Websites -- Bacterioplankton -- Further Reading -- Bioluminescence -- Further Reading -- Cephalopods -- Further Reading -- Continuous Plankton Recorders -- Further Reading -- Copepods -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Dynamics of Bacteria and Phytoplankton in the Surface Ocean -- References -- Further Reading -- Krill -- Further Reading. , Marine Algal Genomics and Evolution -- Further Reading -- Marine Cyanobacteria: Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus -- Further Reading -- Marine Plankton Communities -- Further Reading -- Nekton -- Further Reading -- Pelagic Biogeography -- References -- Further Reading -- Phytoplankton Size Structure -- Further Reading -- Phytoplankton, Calcareous Nanoplankton-The Coccolithophores -- Further Reading -- Plankton -- Further Reading -- Plankton Viruses -- Further Reading -- Plankton: Gelatinous Zooplankton -- Further Reading -- Primary Production Distribution -- References -- Further Reading -- Primary Production Processes -- Further Reading -- Protozoa, Planktic Foraminifera -- References -- Protozoa, Radiolarians -- Further Reading -- Small-Scale Physical Processes and Plankton Biology -- Further Reading -- Ecosystems and Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics (food webs) -- ArtificialReefs -- Further Readings -- Coastal Ocean Acidification: Carbonate Chemistry and Ecosystem Effects -- References -- Cold-Water Coral Reefs -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Website -- Corals and Human Disturbance -- Further Reading -- Diversity of Marine Species -- Further Reading -- Food Webs -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Large Marine Ecosystems -- References -- Mesocosms: Enclosed Experimental Ecosystems in Ocean Science -- Further Reading -- Microbial Loops -- Further Reading -- Network Analysis of Food Webs -- Further Reading -- Ocean Gyre Ecosystems -- Further Reading -- Omics Techniques in Marine Microbiology -- Further Reading -- Patch Dynamics -- Further Reading -- Polar Ecosystems -- Further Reading -- Population Genetics of Marine Organisms -- Further Reading -- Upwelling Ecosystems -- Further Reading -- Back Cover -- Front Cover -- Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences -- Copyright -- Permission Acknowledgement -- Birds -- Alcidae -- Further Reading. , Gulls -- Further Reading -- Laridae, Sternidae, and Rynchopidae -- References -- Further Reading -- Phalaropes -- Further Reading -- Procellariiformes -- Further Reading -- Seabird Conservation -- Further Reading -- Seabird Foraging Ecology -- Further Reading -- Seabird Migration -- Further Reading -- Seabird Population Dynamics -- Further Reading -- Seabird Reproductive Ecology -- Further Reading -- Seabird Responses to Climate Change -- References -- Further Reading -- Seabirds and Fisheries Interactions -- Further Reading -- Seabirds as Indicators of Ocean Pollution -- Further Reading -- Sphenisciformes -- Further Reading -- The Pelecaniform Birds -- References -- Further Reading -- Fish Biology -- Fish: General Review -- Further Reading -- Antarctic Fishes -- Further Reading -- Coral Reef Fishes -- Further Reading -- Deep-Sea Fishes -- Further Reading -- Eels -- References -- Fish Ecophysiology -- Further Reading -- Fish Feeding and Foraging -- Further Reading -- Relevant Website -- Fish Larvae -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Fish Locomotion -- References -- Relevant Website -- Fish Migration, Horizontal -- References -- Further Reading -- Fish Migration, Vertical -- Further Reading -- Fish Predation and Mortality -- Further Reading -- Fish Reproduction -- Further Reading -- Fish Vision -- Further Reading -- Fish: Demersal Fish (Life Histories, Behavior, Adaptations) -- Further Reading -- Fish: Hearing, Lateral Lines (Mechanisms, Role in Behavior, Adaptations to Life Underwater) -- References -- Intertidal Fishes -- Further Reading -- Mesopelagic Fish -- References -- Further Reading -- Pelagic Fishes -- References -- Further Reading -- Salmonids -- Further Reading -- Fisheries and Mariculture -- Fisheries Overview -- References -- Further Reading -- Challenges for Future Salmonid Farming -- Further Reading. , Coral Reef and Other Tropical Fisheries -- Further Reading -- Crustacean Fisheries -- References -- Further Reading -- Dynamics of Exploited Marine Fish Populations -- References -- Further Reading -- Ecosystem Effects of Fishing -- Further Reading -- Fisheries Economics -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Fisheries: Pacific Salmon Fisheries -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Fisheries: Multispecies Dynamics -- Further Reading -- Fishery Management, Human Dimension -- Further Reading -- Fishery Manipulation Through Stock Enhancement or Restoration -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Fishing Methods and Fishing Fleets -- Further Reading -- Luxury Seafood Trade: Extinction vs. Lavishness -- Further Reading -- Mariculture Overview -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Mariculture, Economic, and Social Impacts -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Marine Fishery Resources, Global State of -- Further Reading -- Mediterranean Mariculture -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Website -- Molluskan Fisheries -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Ocean Ranching -- Further Reading -- Open Ocean Fisheries for Deep-Water Species -- References -- Further Reading -- Open Ocean Fisheries for Large Pelagic Species -- References -- Further Reading -- Oysters: Shellfish Farming -- References -- Further Reading -- Relevant Websites -- Seaweeds and their Mariculture -- Further Reading -- Relevant Website -- Small Pelagic Species Fisheries -- Future Research -- References -- Further Reading -- Southern Ocean Fisheries -- Further Reading -- Marine Mammals -- Baleen Whales -- References -- Further Reading -- Bioacoustics -- References -- Further Reading -- Dolphins and Porpoises -- Further Reading -- Marine Mammal Diving Physiology -- Further Reading -- Marine Mammal Evolution and Taxonomy. , Further Reading.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- U-Th Series Nuclides in Aquatic Systems -- Copyright page -- Dedication to Karl K. Turekian -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- 1. Overview -- 2. Organization of the Volume -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. U- and Th-Series Nuclides in the Atmosphere: Supply, Exchange, Scavenging, and Applications to Aquatic Processes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sources of U- and Th-Series Nuclides to the Atmosphere -- 3. Atmospheric Distributions -- 4. Aerosol Scavenging Residence Times Using 222Rn and its Daughters -- 5. Applications of Rn Daughters of Atmospheric Origin to Study Aquatic Processes -- 6. Processes across Aquatic Interfaces -- 7. Perspectives and Future Directions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3. U-Series Geochemistry in Weathering Profiles, River Waters and Lakes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Radionuclide Fractionation in Surface Environments -- 3. Radioactive Disequilibria in Weathering Profiles and Soils -- 4. U Series in Rivers -- 5. Review of Models for U-Series Fractionation in Surficial Environments -- 6. U-Series Disequilibria in Lakes -- 7. Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Investigating Groundwater Processes Using U- and Th-Series Nuclides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Element Behavior in Groundwaters -- 3. Modeling Nuclide Transport in Aquifers -- 4. Obtaining Solutions to the Model Equations -- 5. Radon and Recoil Rates -- 6. Ra Isotopes -- 7. Th Isotopes -- 8. U Isotopes -- 9. 210Pb -- 10. Summary and Future Studies -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Uranium- and Thorium-Series Nuclides as Tracers of Submarine Groundwater Discharge -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How U-Th Isotopes are Used to Quantify Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) -- 3. Radium -- 4. Radon -- 5. Uranium -- 6. Synthesis of Existing Studies. , 7. Towards a Global Estimate of SGD -- 8. Perspectives and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6. U- and Th-Series Nuclides in Estuarine Environments -- 1. Introduction: Estuarine Processes -- 2. Uranium -- 3. Thorium -- 4. Radium -- 5. Radon -- 6. Lead-210 and Polonium-210 -- 7. Future Studies -- References -- Chapter 7. U- and Th-Series Nuclides as Tracers of Particle Dynamics, Scavenging and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Oceans -- 1. Abundance and Distribution of U-Th Nuclides in the Sea -- 2. Introduction to Particle Cycling and Scavenging in the Ocean -- 3. The Scavenging Process as Understood from Thorium Isotopes -- 4. Scavenging and Th Speciation -- 5. 226Ra-210Pb-210Po -- 6. The Role of Particle Composition -- 7. Boundary Scavenging -- 8. Calibration of Vertical Particle Fluxes -- 9. Summary and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 8. The Bioaccumulation of U- and Th-Series Radionuclides in Marine Organisms -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Radionuclides of Interest and their Bioavailability -- 3. Models of Uptake and Trophic Transfer -- 4. Biodetritus and Vertical Transport -- 5. Potential Impacts of Natural Radioactivity -- 6. Synthesis and Conclusions -- 7. Future Outlook and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9. Ocean Circulation/Mixing Studies with Decay-Series Isotopes -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Transport Equations -- 3. Basic Ocean Mixing/Circulation Models -- 4. Radium Isotopes for Tracing Oceanic Mixing/Circulation -- 5. Radon-222 as a Vertical Mixing Tracer in the Deep Sea -- 6. Actinium-227 as a Diapycnal Mixing Tracer in the Deep Sea -- 7. Tracing Ocean Circulation Using Particle-Reactive Radionuclides -- 8. Closing Remarks and Future Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10. Uranium- and Thorium-Series Radionuclides in Marine Groundwaters -- 1. Introduction. , 2. U- and Th-Series Radionuclides in High-Temperature Marine Groundwaters: Hydrothermal Fluids -- 3. U- and Th-Series Radionuclides in Low-Temperature Marine Groundwaters: Sediment Pore Water -- 4. Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11. Sediment Signatures of U- and Th-Series Nuclides and their Application as Paleoceanographic Tracers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Long-Lived U-Series Nuclides in Sediments -- 3. Short-Lived U-Series Nuclides in Sediments: Application to Sediment Mixing and Accumulation -- 4. Authigenic Uranium as a Tracer of Sediment Redox State -- 5. Use of 230Th as a Constant Flux Proxy -- 6. 231Pa/230Th: Proxy for Particle Flux and Productivity -- 7. 231Pa/230Th: Proxy of Ocean Circulation -- 8. Modeling Studies -- 9. Manganese Crusts and Nodules -- 10. Summary and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix A. Charts of the 238U, 235U, 232Th, and 241Am Decay Series with Principal Modes of Decay, their Intensities and Energies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sources of Data -- References -- Appendix B. Systematics of Radioactive Decay -- 1. Overview of Decay Equations -- 2. Examples of Applications -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.