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  • 1
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    Inventory Model with Partial Backordering When Backordered Customers Delay Purchase after Stockout-Restoration (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-11
    Description: Many inventory models with partial backordering assume that the backordered demand must be filled instantly after stockout restoration. In practice, however, the backordered customers may successively revisit the store because of the purchase delay behavior, producing a limited backorder demand rate and resulting in an extra inventory holding cost. Hence, in this paper we formulate the inventory model with partial backordering considering the purchase delay of the backordered customers and assuming that the backorder demand rate is proportional to the remaining backordered demand. Particularly, we model the problem by introducing a new inventory cost component of holding the backordered items, which has not been considered in the existing models. We propose an algorithm with a two-layer structure based on Lipschitz Optimization (LO) to minimize the total inventory cost. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms two benchmarks in both optimality and efficiency. We also observe that the earlier the backordered customer revisits the store, the smaller the inventory cost and the fill rate are, but the longer the order cycle is. In addition, if the backordered customers revisit the store without too much delay, the basic EOQ with partial backordering approximates our model very well.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    A New Wavelet Threshold Function and Denoising Application (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: In order to improve the effects of denoising, this paper introduces the basic principles of wavelet threshold denoising and traditional structures threshold functions. Meanwhile, it proposes wavelet threshold function and fixed threshold formula which are both improved here. First, this paper studies the problems existing in the traditional wavelet threshold functions and introduces the adjustment factors to construct the new threshold function basis on soft threshold function. Then, it studies the fixed threshold and introduces the logarithmic function of layer number of wavelet decomposition to design the new fixed threshold formula. Finally, this paper uses hard threshold, soft threshold, Garrote threshold, and improved threshold function to denoise different signals. And the paper also calculates signal-to-noise (SNR) and mean square errors (MSE) of the hard threshold functions, soft thresholding functions, Garrote threshold functions, and the improved threshold function after denoising. Theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that the proposed approach could improve soft threshold functions with constant deviation and hard threshold with discontinuous function problems. The proposed approach could improve the different decomposition scales that adopt the same threshold value to deal with the noise problems, also effectively filter the noise in the signals, and improve the SNR and reduce the MSE of output signals.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 3
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    Three-Dimensional Ground Settlement Induced by Metro Tunnel Excavation Considering the Influence of Group Piles (2016)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2016-05-12
    Description: Considering the influence of group piles, a prediction model for three-dimensional ground surface settlement induced by circular metro tunnels excavation in incompressible rock masses is proposed based on the stochastic medium theory and the shear displacement method. The surface settlement caused by the metro tunnel opening is divided into two parts. One part is soil mass settlement caused by the metro tunnel opening and calculated by the stochastic medium theory. The other part is the settlement induced by the friction force between the group piles and the soil mass around the metro tunnel cross section and calculated by the shear displacement method. The three-dimensional prediction of the ground surface settlement is obtained by the linear superposition of the two parts. The validation of the proposed prediction approach is proved by comparing with the measured data and the numerical model of the double tunnels under the Puyuan overpass where metro tunnels undercrossed group piles. The effects of buried depth, radial convergences, center distance of double tunnels, position and size of piles, and group piles are analyzed and discussed. The improved prediction approach can be applied to calculate the three-dimensional ground settlement, especially for the metro tunnels crossing through group piles.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 4
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    Distribution of Phenolic Acids and Antioxidant Activities of Different Bran Fractions from Three Pigmented Wheat Varieties (2018)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2018-03-06
    Description: Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activities of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts from blue, black, and purple wheat were analyzed. Phenolic acids were mainly in the bound form in pigmented wheat bran fractions. Phenolic acid content decreased in the order of outer bran, coarse bran, and shorts for the three pigmented wheat varieties. HPLC analysis of phenolic extracts demonstrated that the bound form of phenolic acids contained more ferulic, isoferulic, and p-coumaric acids compared to their free counterparts. Among the three pigmented wheat varieties, the bran fractions from blue wheat contained higher bound phenolic acids than the other two pigmented wheat bran fractions, except for purple coarse bran. The blue wheat outer bran had the highest total bound phenolic acid of 3458.71 μg/g while the purple wheat shorts had the lowest of 1730.71 μg/g. The contribution of bound phenolic acids to the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was significantly higher than that of free phenolic acids. Blue wheat bran fractions had the highest radical scavenging activity against DPPH∙ while those of purple wheat gained the highest ABTS∙+ scavenging activity. High correlations were observed between TPC and radical scavenging capacities for DPPH and ABTS (, ).
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Evaluation Standard for Safety Coefficient of Roller Compacted Concrete Dam Based on Finite Element Method (2014)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-07
    Description: The lack of evaluation standard for safety coefficient based on finite element method (FEM) limits the wide application of FEM in roller compacted concrete dam (RCCD). In this paper, the strength reserve factor (SRF) method is adopted to simulate gradual failure and possible unstable modes of RCCD system. The entropy theory and catastrophe theory are used to obtain the ultimate bearing resistance and failure criterion of the RCCD. The most dangerous sliding plane for RCCD failure is found using the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and auxiliary analysis of partial least squares regression (PLSR). Finally a method for determining the evaluation standard of RCCD safety coefficient based on FEM is put forward using least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed method is applied to safety coefficient analysis of the Longtan RCCD in China. The calculation shows that RCCD failure is closely related to RCCD interface strength, and the Longtan RCCD is safe in the design condition. Considering RCCD failure characteristic and combining the advantages of several excellent algorithms, the proposed method determines the evaluation standard for safety coefficient of RCCD based on FEM for the first time and can be popularized to any RCCD.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 6
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    Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Zinc-Enriched Yeast in Rats (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-18
    Description: Zinc-enriched yeast (ZnY) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) are considered zinc (Zn) supplements currently available. The purpose of the investigation was to compare and evaluate pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of ZnY and ZnSO4 in rats. ZnY or ZnSO4 were orally administered to rats at a single dose of 4 mg Zn/kg and Zn levels in plasma and various tissues were determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Maximum plasma concentration values were 3.87 and 2.81 μg/mL for ZnY and ZnSO4, respectively. Both ZnY and ZnSO4 were slowly eliminated with a half-life of over 7 h and bone had the highest Zn level in all tissues. Compared to ZnSO4, the relative bioavailability of ZnY was 138.4%, indicating that ZnY had a significantly higher bioavailability than ZnSO4.
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    Macroscopic Model and Simulation Analysis of Air Traffic Flow in Airport Terminal Area (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-08-26
    Description: We focus on the spatiotemporal characteristics and their evolvement law of the air traffic flow in airport terminal area to provide scientific basis for optimizing flight control processes and alleviating severe air traffic conditions. Methods in this work combine mathematical derivation and simulation analysis. Based on cell transmission model the macroscopic models of arrival and departure air traffic flow in terminal area are established. Meanwhile, the interrelationship and influential factors of the three characteristic parameters as traffic flux, density, and velocity are presented. Then according to such models, the macro emergence of traffic flow evolution is emulated with the NetLogo simulation platform, and the correlativity of basic traffic flow parameters is deduced and verified by means of sensitivity analysis. The results suggest that there are remarkable relations among the three characteristic parameters of the air traffic flow in terminal area. Moreover, such relationships evolve distinctly with the flight procedures, control separations, and ATC strategies.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
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    Extended ℋ∞ Estimation for Two-Dimensional Markov Jump Systems under Asynchronous Switching (2013)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-25
    Description: This paper is concerned with the problem of designing ℋ∞ filters for a class of two-dimensional (2D) Markov jump systems under asynchronous switching. The problem under consideration is primarily motivated by a realistic situation that the switching of candidate filters may have a lag to the switching of system modes. Different from conventional techniques, by a suitable augmentation, the jumping process of the error system is represented by a two-component Markov chain. Then, the extended transition probabilities are provided for the error system. A stochastic Lyapunov function approach is proposed for the design of desired filters that ensure a prescribed ℋ∞ performance for admissible asynchronous switching. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed method.
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    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 9
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    A Cellular Automata Traffic Flow Model considering Bus Lane Changing Behavior with Scheduling Parameters (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-13
    Description: According to different driving behavioral characteristics of bus drivers, a cellular automata traffic model considering the bus lane changing behavior with scheduling parameters is proposed in this paper. Traffic bottleneck problems caused by bus stops are simulated in multiple lanes roads with no-bay bus stations. With the mixed traffic flow composed of different bus arrival rate, flow-density graph, density distribution graph, and temporal-spatial graph are presented. Furthermore, the mixed traffic flow characteristics are analyzed. Numerical experiment results show that the proposed model can generate a variety of complicated realistic phenomena in the traffic system with bus stops and provide theoretical basis for better using of traffic flow model.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 10
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    Spatial and Temporal Variability of Aerosol Vertical Distribution Based on Lidar Observations: A Haze Case Study over Jinhua Basin (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
    Description: The impacts of haze emphasized significance of hazards for human activities and importance of observations of aerosol vertical distribution. This study aimed to analyze the aerosol vertical distribution during a haze case at temporal and spatial aspects, using space-borne and ground-based Lidar observations over Jinhua Basin, Zhejiang province, as well as the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HSPLIT) model and optical situ monitoring at Jinhua site. The results highlight three pollution peaks above the surface located in the upper and lower boundary layer in Jinhua Basin. The trajectory analysis shows the pollutants inside and outside the planetary boundary layer from different sources. Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) obtained from the space-borne Lidar observations was compared with that from ground-based Lidar observations. The absolute error between the two instruments is about 0.193 km. It is illustrated that the space-borne Lidar is an effective instrument for obtaining regional aerosol pollution in vertical section. Pollution transport near the ground is closely related with the terrain condition.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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