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  • 1
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    Dynamic Modeling and Control Strategy Optimization for a Hybrid Electric Tracked Vehicle (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-11
    Description: A new hybrid electric tracked bulldozer composed of an engine generator, two driving motors, and an ultracapacitor is put forward, which can provide high efficiencies and less fuel consumption comparing with traditional ones. This paper first presents the terramechanics of this hybrid electric tracked bulldozer. The driving dynamics for this tracked bulldozer is then analyzed. After that, based on analyzing the working characteristics of the engine, generator, and driving motors, the power train system model and control strategy optimization is established by using MATLAB/Simulink and OPTIMUS software. Simulation is performed under a representative working condition, and the results demonstrate that fuel economy of the HETV can be significantly improved.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
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    The Fate and Distribution of Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Intra-Arterial Infusion in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Dogs (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-09
    Description: This study aimed to investigate if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and what the fate and distribution of the cells are in dogs. Twelve Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups: MSCs group and SHAM operated group. After three weeks, dogs in MSCs group and SHAM operated group were intra-arterially injected with autologous MSCs and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Eight weeks after treatment, the necrotic volume of the femoral heads was significantly reduced in MSCs group. Moreover, the trabecular bone volume was increased and the empty lacunae rate was decreased in MSCs group. In addition, the BrdU-positive MSCs were unevenly distributed in femoral heads and various vital organs. But no obvious abnormalities were observed. Furthermore, most of BrdU-positive MSCs in necrotic region expressed osteocalcin in MSCs group and a few expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Taken together, these data indicated that intra-arterially infused MSCs could migrate into the necrotic field of femoral heads and differentiate into osteoblasts, thus improving the necrosis of femoral heads. It suggests that intra-arterial infusion of autologous MSCs might be a feasible and relatively safe method for the treatment of femoral head necrosis.
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9678
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
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    An Optimal Operating Strategy for Battery Life Cycle Costs in Electric Vehicles (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: Impact on petroleum based vehicles on the environment, cost, and availability of fuel has led to an increased interest in electric vehicle as a means of transportation. Battery is a major component in an electric vehicle. Economic viability of these vehicles depends on the availability of cost-effective batteries. This paper presents a generalized formulation for determining the optimal operating strategy and cost optimization for battery. Assume that the deterioration of the battery is stochastic. Under the assumptions, the proposed operating strategy for battery is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem considering reliability and failure number. And an explicit expression of the average cost rate is derived for battery lifetime. Results show that the proposed operating strategy enhances the availability and reliability at a low cost.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Modeling Transmission Dynamics of Streptococcus suis with Stage Structure and Sensitivity Analysis (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-17
    Description: Streptococcosis is one of the major infectious and contagious bacterial diseases for swine farm in southern China. The influence of various control measures on the outbreaks and transmission of S. suis is not currently known. In this study, in order to explore effective control and prevention measures we studied a deterministic dynamic model with stage structure for S. suis. The basic reproduction number is identified and global dynamics are completely determined by . It shows that if , the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable and the disease dies out, whereas if , there is a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally stable and thus the disease persists in the population. The model simulations well agree with new clinical cases and the basic reproduction number of this model is about 1.1333. Some sensitivity analyses of in terms of the model parameters are given. Our study demonstrates that combination of vaccination and disinfection of the environment are the useful control strategy for S. suis.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
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    A Study on Bottom Friction Coefficient in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Sea (2014)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-02
    Description: The adjoint tidal model based on the theory of inverse problem has been applied to investigate the effect of bottom friction coefficient (BFC) on the tidal simulation. Using different schemes of BFC containing the constant, different constant in different subdomain, depth-dependent form, and spatial distribution obtained from data assimilation, the M2 constituent in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Sea (BYECS) is simulated by assimilating TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter data, respectively. The simulated result with spatially varying BFC obtained from data assimilation is better than others. Results and analysis of BFC in BYECS indicate that spatially varying BFC obtained from data assimilation is the best fitted one; meanwhile it could improve the accuracy in the simulation of M2 constituent. Through the analysis of the best fitted one, new empirical formulas of BFC in BYECS are developed with which the commendable simulated results of M2 constituent in BYECS are obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 6
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    Optimal Waveform Selection for Robust Target Tracking (2013)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2013-07-22
    Description: This paper proposes a new optimal waveform selection algorithm for intelligent target tracking. In radar systems, optimal waveform is inspired by the improvements in performance. When the target is intelligent and tries to escape from detection, it will maximize the estimation error to degrade the target tracking performance. So the conventional tracking algorithms are not suitable for this situation. In this paper, we assume a one-dimension target model which will try to escape the radar detection to degrade the tracking performance. A new optimal waveform selection algorithm is proposed based on game theory for robust tracking. The robust received filter is first reviewed according to zero-sum game with the derivation of estimated state error covariance. The parameters for transmitted waveform that need to be optimized are found to be related to the robust filter. The optimal parameters for transmitted waveform are finally found by the minimization of the trace of the estimated state error covariance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this new proposed algorithm for optimal waveform selection for intelligent target tracking.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 7
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    Dynamic Response of an Inhomogeneous Viscoelastic Pile in a Multilayered Soil to Transient Axial Loading (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-09
    Description: A quasi-analytical solution is developed in this paper to investigate the mechanism of one-dimensional longitudinal wave propagating in inhomogeneous viscoelastic pile embedded in layered soil and subjected to a transient axial loading. At first, the pile-soil system is subdivided into several layers along the depth direction in consideration of the variation of cross-sectional acoustic impedance of the pile or differences in soil properties. Then, the dynamic governing equation of arbitrary soil layer is established in cylindrical coordinates and arbitrary viscoelastic pile segment is modeled using a single Voigt model. By using the Laplace transform and boundary conditions of the pile-soil system, the vertical impedance at the top of arbitrary pile segment is defined in a closed form in the frequency domain. Then by utilizing the method of recursion typically used in the Transfer Function technique, the vertical impedance at the pile top can be derived in the frequency domain and the velocity response of an inhomogeneous viscoelastic pile subjected to a semi-sine wave exciting force is obtained in a semi-analytical form in the time domain. Selected numerical results are obtained to study the mechanism of longitudinal wave propagating in a pile with a single defect or double defects.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 8
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    Cumulative Effect of Precipitation Deficit Preceding Severe Droughts in Southwestern and Southern China (2016)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-04
    Description: Timely and accurate monitoring of droughts is important for implementing an effective response and for minimizing economic losses. In this paper, the duration and amount of deficit in precipitation before every severe drought were analyzed for 124 meteorological stations based on the weather data from 1961 to 2012. The results showed that deficit in precipitation over a period as short as three months or even shorter could lead to severe drought and the cumulative timescales of precipitation deficit in southwestern China were longer than those in southern China. The distribution of the critical amount of precipitation deficit showed a clear regional difference. Deficits in the western parts of southwestern China and parts of southern China are above 60%, or even above 80%, higher than the other area ranging between 40% and 60%. On the whole, the critical amount of the deficit preceding severe droughts for the humid southwestern and southern China was lower than that for the semiarid and semihumid areas. The results offer a sound basis for monitoring and forecasting droughts in southern and southwestern China and for issuing early warnings.
    Print ISSN: 1026-0226
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-887X
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 9
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    Elevated Preoperative Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Liver Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-31
    Description: This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with liver transplantation (LT) through meta-analysis. Relevant articles were sought in PubMed, Embase, and Wangfang databases up to July 2015. A total of 1687 patients from 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that elevated NLR was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.91–3.83) and poorer disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.23–5.84) in HCC patients treated with LT. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed the significant association between elevated preoperative NLR and poor prognosis was not altered by cutoff values of NLR or types of LT. Therefore, elevated preoperative NLR is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients treated with LT. Preoperative NLR should be used to predict the prognosis of HCC after LT in our clinical work.
    Print ISSN: 1687-6121
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-630X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Hindawi
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