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    Salinity Driven Selection and Local Adaptation in Baltic Sea Mytilid Mussels (2021)
    Frontiers
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    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Baltic blue mussels can colonise and dominate habitats with far lower salinity (〈 10 psu) than other Mytilus congeners. Pervasive gene flow was observed between Western Baltic Mytilus edulis living at high salinity conditions and Eastern Baltic M. trossulus living at lower salinites, with highest admixture proportions within a genetic transition zone located at intermediate salinities (Darss Sill area). Yet, we do not understand the impacts of low salinity on larval performance, and how salinity may act as an early selective pressure during passive larval drift across salinity gradients. This study tested whether larvae originating from two different populations along the natural salinity cline in the Baltic Sea have highest fitness at their native salinities. Our results suggest that Eastern Baltic M. trossulus (Usedom, 7 psu) and Western Baltic M. edulis (Kiel, 16 psu) larvae display better performance (fitness components: growth, mortality, settlement success) when reared at their respective native salinities. This suggests that these populations are adapted to their local environment. Additionally, species diagnostic markers were used for genetic analyses of transition zone (Ahrenshoop, 11 psu) mussel larvae exposed to low salinity. This revealed that low salinity selection resulted in a shift towards allele frequencies more typical for Eastern Baltic M. trossulus. Thus, salinity acts as a selective pressure during the pre-settlement phase and can shape the genetic composition of Baltic mussel populations driving local adaptation to low salinity. Future climate change driven desalination, therefore, has the potential to shift the Baltic Sea hybrid gradient westward with consequences for benthic ecosystem structure.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    Capacity for Cellular Osmoregulation Defines Critical Salinity of Marine Invertebrates at Low Salinity (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Low-salinity stress can severely affect the fitness of marine organisms. As desalination has been predicted for many coastal areas with ongoing climate change, it is crucial to gain more insight in mechanisms that constrain salinity acclimation ability. Low-salinity induced depletion of the organic osmolyte pool has been suggested to set a critical boundary in osmoconforming marine invertebrates. Whether inorganic ions also play a persistent role during low-salinity acclimation processes is currently inconclusive. We investigated the salinity tolerance of six marine invertebrate species following a four-week acclimation period around their low-salinity tolerance threshold. To obtain complete osmolyte budgets, we quantified organic and inorganic osmolytes and determined fitness proxies. Our experiments corroborated the importance of the organic osmolyte pool during low-salinity acclimation. Methylamines constituted a large portion of the organic osmolyte pool in molluscs, whereas echinoderms exclusively utilized free amino acids. Inorganic osmolytes were involved in long-term cellular osmoregulation in most species, thus are not just modulated with acute salinity stress. The organic osmolyte pool was not depleted at low salinities, whilst fitness was severely impacted. Instead, organic and inorganic osmolytes often stabilized at low-salinity. These findings suggest that low-salinity acclimation capacity cannot be simply predicted from organic osmolyte pool size. Rather, multiple parameters (i.e. osmolyte pools, net growth, water content and survival) are necessary to establish critical salinity ranges. However, a quantitative knowledge of cellular osmolyte systems is key to understand the evolution of euryhalinity and to characterize targets of selection during rapid adaptation to ongoing desalination.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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