Schlagwort(e):
Environmental protection - Europe - Economic aspects.
;
Electronic books.
Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis:
This book analyses the extent to which the environmental policies of nation states have converged over the last thirty years and whether this convergence has led to a strengthening or weakening of environmental standards (a race to the top, or a race to the bottom).
Materialart:
Online-Ressource
Seiten:
1 online resource (290 pages)
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780511408175
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=347221
DDC:
333.7094
Sprache:
Englisch
Anmerkung:
Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Contributors -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the art - conceptualising environmental policy convergence -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Policy convergence and related concepts -- 2.3 Environmental policy convergence - empirical results -- 2.4 Causes of cross-national policy convergence -- 2.4.1 Causal mechanisms -- 2.4.2 Facilitating factors -- 2.5 Conclusion -- 3 Theoretical framework: causal factors and convergence expectations -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 How to conceptualise policy convergence? -- 3.2.1 Degree of convergence -- 3.2.2 Direction of convergence -- 3.2.3 Scope of convergence -- 3.2.4 Convergence on different policy dimensions -- 3.3 What causes policy convergence? -- 3.3.1 Overview of causal factors -- 3.3.2 International harmonisation -- 3.3.3 Transnational communication -- 3.3.4 Regulatory competition -- 3.3.5 Other factors -- 3.4 When does policy convergence occur? -- 3.4.1 International harmonisation -- 3.4.2 Transnational communication -- 3.4.3 Regulatory competition -- 3.4.4 Other factors -- 3.5 Conclusion -- 4 Research design, variables and data -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Dependent variable: operationalisation and data collection -- 4.2.1 The use of output data -- 4.2.2 Selection of policy items -- 4.2.3 Selection of countries and time period -- 4.2.4 Data collection and processing -- 4.2.5 Types of convergence -- 4.3 Independent variables: operationalisation and data collection -- 4.3.1 Institutional interlinkage -- 4.3.2 Economic interlinkage -- 4.3.3 Other variables -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Degree and direction of environmental policy convergence: analysis of aggregate data -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Convergence in terms of policy presence: adoption rates -- 5.2.1 General patterns.
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5.2.2 Illustration of different spreading patterns: adoption curves -- 5.3 Convergence of policy instruments -- 5.3.1 General patterns -- 5.3.2 Illustration of different adoption patterns -- 5.4 Convergence of policy settings -- 5.4.1 Sigma-convergence and mean changes -- 5.4.2 Beta-convergence -- 5.4.3 Gamma-convergence -- 5.4.4 Comparative assessment for different convergence concepts -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 6 The pair approach: what causes convergence of environmental policies? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The pair approach -- 6.2.1 Characteristics of the pair approach -- 6.2.2 Selection of policy items for the dependent variable -- 6.2.3 Calculation of pair similarity -- 6.2.4 Calculation of policy convergence -- 6.3 Descriptive analysis of the dependent variable -- 6.3.1 Graphical display of pair similarity -- 6.3.2 Mean values for policy similarity and policy convergence -- 6.4 Independent variables and hypotheses -- 6.4.1 International harmonisation -- 6.4.2 Transnational communication -- 6.4.3 Regulatory competition -- 6.4.4 Other factors -- 6.5 Method of analysis -- 6.6 Findings -- 6.6.1 Overall model fit -- 6.6.2 International harmonisation -- 6.6.3 Transnational communication -- 6.6.4 Regulatory competition -- 6.6.5 Other variables -- 6.7 Conclusion -- 7 The gap approach: what affects the direction of environmental policy convergence? -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The gap approach -- 7.2.1 Basic methodology -- 7.2.2 Calculating policy gap change with the ENVIPOLCON data set -- 7.3 Descriptive analysis of the dependent variable -- 7.3.1 Two examples -- 7.3.2 Aggregated results -- 7.4 Independent variables and hypotheses -- 7.4.1 International harmonisation -- 7.4.2 Transnational communication -- 7.4.3 Trade -- 7.4.4 Other variables -- 7.5 Method of analysis -- 7.6 Findings -- 8 Conclusion -- 8.1 Introduction.
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8.2 Empirical and theoretical findings -- 8.3 Implications for future research -- Annex -- References -- Index.
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