Description: The first expedition planned for 1970 was conducted in the ocean area between the Iberian and West African coasts (north of 15 ° N and 30 ° W, see map). The first three sections of the expedition were devoted mainly to biological questions. The fourth and last cruise-section was concentrated on geological and geophysical problems relating to the exploration of the Iberian shelf and shelf margin. Since the activation of R.V. "Meteor" in 1964, biological work has predominantly centred round two questions: a) comparative studies on nutrient dynamics in poor and rich areas and b) communities in the open ocean and their diurnal periodic migrations. It was the purpose of the Canaries Basin expedition to supplement the data collected during previous research cruises, particularly the Atlantic Seamount cruises ("Meteor" cruise 8 and 9) in 1967 and the West African expedition ("Meteor" cruise 13) in 1968. Research work in the various disciplines of marine biology was carried out simultaneously with the collecting of chemical and physical data indispensable for the understanding of productivity, transport and decomposition of organic matter as well as affording an opportunity to observe biogenic sedimentation. In planning the cruise, special emphasis was laid on ensuring as close a coordination as possible between the individual working programmes; it was decided that of the vast number of problems presently confronting marine science, particularly in the biological field, only a few should be selected and these approached from diverse sides. Each cruise section was directed at one focal point, around which other investigations were grouped. Cruise section I. Nutrient dynamics in an upwelling water body off the West African coast. Cruise section II. Communities and environmental conditions in the region of the Great Meteor Seamount. Cruise section III. Metabolism and communities on the Iberian deep-sea bed. Cruise section IV. Testing of geophysical gear. Moreover, investigations on two important questions that for a considerable length of time have occupied the attention of planktologists and geologists at various German institutes covered several cruise sections: a) The structure of communities in the oceanic deep scattering layers and at the sea surface; an insight into the feeding migrations of these organisms is essential for an understanding of the vertical transport of organic matter in the open sea. b) The origin of sediments in the deep sea and on the Iberian shelf in relation to organic productivity and climatic and oceanographic fluctuations. The Canaries Basin expedition 1970 inaugurated the "Cooperative Investigations of the Northeastern Central Atlantic" (CINECA), a programme coordinated by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) on the recommendation of the FAO and IOC.

Description: The main aim of the "Atlantische Kuppenfahrt" of RV "Meteor" during the first half of 1967 was to carry out biological investigations on the large submarine seamounts off the Portuguese and West-African coast, the Josephine-Bank and the Great Meteor-Seamount. The three main subjects of interest were: a) the fauna of these isolated seamounts, b) the influence of the seamounts on the dayperiodical migration of the deep scattering layers (DSL), c) the relations between neuston and plankton of the euphotic zone. The present numbers 7 and 8 of the "Meteor Forschungsergebnisse" contain two reports of working groups "Benthos" and "Plankton" as well as four special contributions to the subjects mentioned before.

Description: During the Atlantic Seamount Cruises 9 a and 9 c of R.V. "Meteor" in 1967, planktological studies were carried out in cooperation with several German and foreign scientists. Investigations concerning the seamounts were carried out in the area of the Great Meteor and the Josephine Bank in the eastern North Atlantic focussed on the question as to how benthos organisms maintain their populations and whether an additional transport of meropelagic larvae from the neighbouring continental shelfs support these populations. Moreover, the influence of the seamounts on the distribution of plankton in the surface layer was studied. In particular, the following studies were carried out: Distribution of zooplankton in the surface water of the seamounts and near their bottom, distribution of neuston and fish larvae in the area of investigation, vertical migration of makroplankton in the upper 900 m during several anchor stations in the vicinity of the seamounts, vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the upper 100 m of the Meteor Bank, distribution of copepods in the Mediterranean deep water of the Atlantic (where this body of water was traced with the Bathysonde) and the quantitative distribution of zooplankton in deep scattering layers. - The sampling gear and its closing devices are described. The results of the investigations will be published in "Meteor" Forschungsergebnisse, Series D.