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  • American Society for Microbiology  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Claudin-6 and Claudin-9 Function as Additional Coreceptors for Hepatitis C Virus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 81, No. 22 ( 2007-11-15), p. 12465-12471
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 22 ( 2007-11-15), p. 12465-12471
    Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global challenge to public health. Several factors have been proven to be critical for HCV entry, including the newly identified claudin-1 (CLDN1). However, the mechanism of HCV entry is still obscure. Presently, among the 20 members of the claudin family identified in humans so far, CLDN1 has been the only member shown to be necessary for HCV entry. Recently, we discovered that Bel7402, an HCV-permissive cell line, does not express CLDN1 but expresses other members of claudin family. Among these claudins, CLDN9 was able to mediate HCV entry just as efficiently as CLDN1. We then examined if other members of the claudin family could mediate entry. We show that CLDN6 and CLDN9, but not CLDN2, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN7, CLDN11, CLDN12, CLDN15, CLDN17, and CLDN23, were able to mediate the entry of HCV into target cells. We found that CLDN6 and CLDN9 are expressed in the liver, the primary site of HCV replication. We also showed that CLDN6 and CLDN9, but not CLDN1, are expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, an additional site of HCV replication. Through sequence comparison and mutagenesis studies, we show that residues N38 and V45 in the first extracellular loop (EL1) of CLDN9 are necessary for HCV entry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01457-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Small Molecules Blocking the Entry of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus into Host Cells
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 78, No. 20 ( 2004-10-15), p. 11334-11339
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 20 ( 2004-10-15), p. 11334-11339
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the pathogen of SARS, which caused a global panic in 2003. We describe here the screening of Chinese herbal medicine-based, novel small molecules that bind avidly with the surface spike protein of SARS-CoV and thus can interfere with the entry of the virus to its host cells. We achieved this by using a two-step screening method consisting of frontal affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with a viral infection assay based on a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-luc/SARS pseudotyped virus. Two small molecules, tetra- O -galloyl-β- d -glucose (TGG) and luteolin, were identified, whose anti-SARS-CoV activities were confirmed by using a wild-type SARS-CoV infection system. TGG exhibits prominent anti-SARS-CoV activity with a 50% effective concentration of 4.5 μM and a selective index of 240.0. The two-step screening method described here yielded several small molecules that can be used for developing new classes of anti-SARS-CoV drugs and is potentially useful for the high-throughput screening of drugs inhibiting the entry of HIV, hepatitis C virus, and other insidious viruses into their host cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.20.11334-11339.2004
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spiroplasma eriocheiris Enters Drosophila Schneider 2 Cells and Relies on Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Macropinocytosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 87, No. 11 ( 2019-11)
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 87, No. 11 ( 2019-11)
    Abstract: Spiroplasma eriocheiris causes great economic losses in the crustacean aquaculture industry. However, the mechanism of S. eriocheiris infecting host cells has been poorly studied. We established a Spiroplasma -infected Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cell model and investigated its pathogenic mechanism. First, S. eriocheiris induced S2 cell apoptosis and necrosis, seriously decreased cell viability, and increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Further research showed that S. eriocheiris can invade S2 cells, and the number of copies of intracellular spiroplasmas is sharply increased by 12 h postinfection. In addition, S. eriocheiris can cause S2 cells to form typical inclusion bodies and exhibit large vacuoles. Second, S. eriocheiris is internalized into S2 cells and strongly inhibited through blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis using chlorpromazine and dynasore. Inhibitors of macropinocytosis, protein kinase C and myosin II, cause a significant reduction in S. eriocheiris in S2 cells. In contrast, disruption of cellular cholesterol by methyl-β-cyclodextrin and nystatin has no effect on S. eriocheiris infection. These results suggest that the entry of S. eriocheiris into S2 cells relies on clathrin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis, but not via the caveola-mediated endocytic pathway. In addition, the intracellular numbers of S. eriocheiris are dramatically reduced after S2 cells are treated with cytoskeleton-depolymerizing agents, including nocodazole and cytochalasin B. Thus, cellular infection by S. eriocheiris is related to microtubules and actin filaments. This research successfully shows for the first time that S. eriocheiris can invade Drosophila S2 cells and provides a process for S. eriocheiris infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00233-19
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant under a Dynamic Clearance Strategy in Shandong, China
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-04-13)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-04-13)
    Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron caused a large wave of COVID-19 cases in China in spring 2022. Shandong was one of the most affected regions during this epidemic yet was also among those areas that were able to quickly contain the transmission. We aimed to investigate the origin, genetic diversity, and transmission patterns of the Omicron epidemic in Shandong under a dynamic clearance strategy. We generated 1,149 Omicron sequences, performed phylogenetic analysis, and interpreted results in the context of available epidemiological information. We observed that there were multiple introductions of distinct Omicron sublineages into Shandong from foreign countries and other regions in China, while a small number of introductions led to majority of local cases. We found evidence suggesting that some local clusters were potentially associated with foreign imported cases. Superspreading events and cryptic transmissions contributed to the rapid spread of this epidemic. We identified a BA.1.1 genome with the R493Q reversion mutation in the spike receptor binding domain, potentially associated with an escape from vaccine and Omicron infection elicited neutralizing immunity. Our findings illustrated how the dynamic clearance strategy constrained this epidemic's size, duration, and geographical distribution. IMPORTANCE Starting in March 2022, the Omicron epidemic caused a large wave of COVID-19 cases in China. Shandong was one of the most affected regions during this epidemic but was also among those areas that were able to quickly contain the transmission. We investigated the origin, genetic diversity, and transmission patterns of Omicron epidemic in Shandong under a dynamic clearance strategy. We found that there were multiple introductions of distinct Omicron sublineages into Shandong from foreign countries and other regions in China, while a small number of introductions led to most local cases. We found evidence suggesting that some local clusters were associated with foreign imported cases. Superspreading events and cryptic transmissions contributed to the rapid spread of this epidemic. Our study illustrated the transmission patterns of Omicron epidemic in Shandong and provided a looking glass onto this epidemic in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04632-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of an Antigenic Determinant on the S2 Domain of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Capable of Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 78, No. 13 ( 2004-07), p. 6938-6945
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 13 ( 2004-07), p. 6938-6945
    Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV. The spike (S) glycoprotein of CoV is the major structural protein responsible for induction of host immune response and virus neutralization by antibodies. Hence, knowledge of neutralization determinants on the S protein is helpful for designing protective vaccines. To analyze the antigenic structure of the SARS-CoV S2 domain, the carboxyl-terminal half of the S protein, we first used sera from convalescent SARS patients to test the antigenicity of 12 overlapping fragments spanning the entire S2 and identified two antigenic determinants (Leu 803 to Ala 828 and Pro 1061 to Ser 1093). To determine whether neutralizing antibodies can be elicited by these two determinants, we immunized animals and found that both of them could induce the S2-specific antisera. In some animals, however, only one determinant (Leu 803 to Ala 828) was able to induce the antisera with the binding ability to the native S protein and the neutralizing activity to the SARS-CoV pseudovirus. This determinant is highly conserved across different SARS-CoV isolates. Identification of a conserved antigenic determinant on the S2 domain of the SARS-CoV S protein, which has the potential for inducing neutralizing antibodies, has implications in the development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.6938-6945.2004
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Transcriptomic Study of Circular-RNA Expression Profile in Osteoclasts Infected by Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 91, No. 6 ( 2023-06-15)
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 91, No. 6 ( 2023-06-15)
    Abstract: Osteomyelitis is difficult to cure, and the rapidly rising morbidity is a thorny problem accompanied by a large number of joint replacement applications. Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen of osteomyelitis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as emerging noncoding RNAs, play important roles in multiple physiopathological processes which could provide novel insights into osteomyelitis. However, little is known about the roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis. Osteoclasts, considered bone sentinels, are the resident macrophages in bone and may play the immune defense roles in osteomyelitis. It has been reported that S. aureus can survive in osteoclasts, but the function of osteoclast circRNAs in response to intracellular S. aureus infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the profile of circRNAs in osteoclasts infected by intracellular S. aureus through high-throughput RNA sequencing. In total, 24 upregulated and 62 downregulated differentially expressed circRNAs were identified and subsequently analyzed to demonstrate their potential functions. On this basis, three circRNAs (chr4:130718154-130728164+, chr8:77409548-77413627−, and chr1:190871592-190899571−) were confirmed as potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis through the murine model of osteomyelitis. Most importantly, we verified that the circRNA chr4:130718154-130728164+ named circPum1 could regulate the host autophagy to affect the intracellular infection of S. aureus through miR-767. In addition, circPum1 could serve as a promising serum biomarker in osteomyelitis patients caused by S. aureus infection. Taken together, this study provided the first global transcriptomic profile analysis of circRNAs in osteoclasts infected by intracellular S. aureus and first proposed a novel perspective for the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of S. aureus -induced osteomyelitis from the term of circRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.00357-22
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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