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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6674-6678 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Single crystals of mixed methyl-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-aminopropanoate (MAP): 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA) have been grown from solution using a 40:60 mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate. Formation of an equimolar complex is confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21. The lattice parameters are a=6.9196(±0.005) A(ring); b=7.673(±0.008) A(ring); c=18.554(±0.001) A(ring); and β=92.547(±0.006)0. b axis is the unique twofold axis and there are two molecules per unit cell. The molecules stack along the b axis with MAP atop MNA atop MAP. Details of the molecular orientation are given. The Raman spectra also indicate that the parent molecules are not disturbed in the process of crystallization. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the new material for 1064 nm laser radiation is observed to be the same as that of MAP but lower than that of MNA. The latter is attributed to the absorption at 532 nm in the mixed crystal. The melting point determined by differential scanning calorimetry is 104.30 °C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 4412-4423 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Packing effects in liquid-like films, adsorbed from bulk gas at the interface with an attractive solid substrate, may cause the fluid to adopt layer-like structure near the substrate. Such structure is inherent in the lattice gas model of adsorption where it is known to give rise to a sequence of layering transitions at low temperatures, provided the substrate (wall) is sufficiently attractive. We have used a nonlocal density functional theory to describe a continuum fluid near strongly attractive structureless walls. The theory yields oscillatory density profiles arising from packing effects. At low temperatures T (typically 0.5(approximately-less-than)T/Tc (approximately-less-than)0.6, where Tc is the bulk critical temperature) the adsorption may increase with pressure in a series of discontinuous jumps, each corresponding to the appearance of a new dense layer in the adsorbed film. The transitions are first order, with very small metastable regions. As in the lattice gas model the transitions exhibit critical points; above the critical temperature of a given layer the adsorption increases smoothly with increasing pressure. However, we anticipate certain qualitative differences between the transitions we observe in the continuum theory and those of the lattice gas model, since the latter overemphasizes the role of hard-core repulsion. Layering transitions also occur for fluids confined in narrow pores. We find that in cylindrical pores the transitions are shifted to lower pressures. Moreover, capillary condensation (the first order transition to a "liquid'' that fills the pore) competes with layering resulting in a rapid truncation of the sequence of layering transitions. The implications of our results for the interpretation of adsorption measurements performed near a bulk triple point are discussed and possible surface phase diagrams are suggested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 7521-7530 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We use density functional methods to develop a new nonclassical theory for the homogeneous nucleation of the gas to liquid phase transition. The extent of agreement between our results and the classical prediction of Becker, Döring, and Zeldovich is strongly dependent on the range of the attractive potential which we employ. We show that our predictions are consistent with experimental data using cloud chambers, and we suggest several directions in which experimentalists might look in order to find nonclassical effects. In particular, we suggest that cavitation (gas bubble formation in a liquid subjected to tensile stress) should nucleate at a significantly greater rate than that predicted by classical theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 729-730 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The nonlinear interaction between light beams in a plasma is studied. In particular, nonlinearities due to relativistic mass corrections and density modulations from a plasma wave wake are considered; but the results can be generalized for other nonlinearities. A simple physical picture using the nonlinear phase velocity of the light wave in a plasma is developed to show that when two laser beams are coherent, the force can be repulsive or attractive, depending on their relative phase. When the two laser beams are polarized in mutually perpendicular directions, the force is always attractive. Using a variational method, a simple analytical expression for this attractive force is derived for Gaussian beams. The centers of the lasers move analogously to point masses under this attractive force with the laser power playing the role of the mass. Under an attractive force, solutions exist where the two lasers can spiral around each other. It is also shown that the plasma wave wake can cause the two spiraling lasers to become intertwined forming a braided pattern. The braiding is common to any nonlinearity which is not instantaneous. The analytical results concerning attraction, repulsion, and braiding have been confirmed using three dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The simulations also show that angular momentum can radiate away leading to the coalescence of the remaining energy. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The VULCAN [C. N. Danson et al., Opt. Commun. 103, 392 (1993)] laser at the UK Central Laser Facility is being used for laboratory-based simulations of collisionless shocks. By ensuring that key dimensionless parameters in the experiments have values similar to those of supernova remnants (SNRs), the hydrodynamics and magnetic field of the experiment are scaled to those of a SNR. This makes it possible to investigate experimentally the physics of collisionless magnetized shocks in such objects. The experiments are providing data against which to test current theory. Collisionless shock formation and the interaction of two counterpropagating colliding plasmas permeated by a strong magnetic field are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4119-4126 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The design, construction and operation of a tomographic imaging system on the Compact Toroid Injection Experiment is described. The system measures the total radiated power over energies from visible light up into the extreme ultraviolet. It then reconstructs two dimensional profiles from the data. The reconstruction routine is based on a method known as second order regularization which finds a compromise between smoothness and fit to the data. This method was found to have the best overall fidelity to test images. The hardware and overall reconstruction were calibrated using two different sources. First results from the system under real experimental conditions are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 66-68 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A method for servolocking the beat frequency between two lasers is described in which the lasers in effect replace the voltage-controlled oscillator in an indirect frequency synthesizer. The system is simple, relatively free from systematic frequency errors, and has good stability as characterized by Allan variance measurements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2346-2350 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A cleanroom compatible anodization cell for use with 150 mm Si wafers has been constructed and tested. The material of construction is polyvinylidene fluoride, Kynar(large-closed-square), with Chemraz(large-closed-square) (elastomeric polytetrafluoroethylene) O-rings used for sealing. The back contact is made through a dilute HF solution, thus eliminating the possibility for metallic contamination which exists for other forms of back contact. Pt electrodes immersed in the back contact and front contact solutions are the primary electrical connection sites. Ellipsometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dilute HF etch rate experiments were used to characterize the as-grown and annealed anodic oxides produced in this cell. Ellipsometric thickness mapping showed excellent lateral oxide uniformity over the entire anodized area; the standard deviations were 〈2 A(ring) (for oxides ≤100 A(ring) in thickness), 〈6 A(ring) (for oxides ≤400 A(ring) in thickness), and 〈10 A(ring) (for oxides 〈500 A(ring) in thickness). The properties of the oxides, as evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy are essentially identical to those grown on small-area samples using conventional anodization with a metallic back contact. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have regrown two two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in a wide GaAs quantum well on a large area ex situ patterned n+-GaAs back gate. The transport in these channels is controlled by this gate and a surface front gate. We present results showing the control that the patterned back gate has over the carrier concentration in the low mobility back 2 DEG and the very low leakage currents that are observed from the back gate to the source-drain channel at 1.5 K. Using four terminal resistance and magnetoresistance data the transition from two conducting channels to conduction in the low mobility back 2DEG is shown. The implications of these results for the fabrication of velocity modulated transistors are discussed. © 1994 American Institue of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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