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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetic and internal energy of NO from the photodissociation of nitrobenzene (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 1946-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Laser induced fluorescence probing of the nitric oxide fragment determines the distribution of rotational and vibrational energies of NO produced in the 226 and 280 nm photolysis of nitrobenzene. Combining these results with kinetic energy measurements using vacuum ultraviolet photoionization to detect the fragment gives a detailed view of the energy release in the photolysis. Boltzmann distributions describe the rotational state populations at both photolysis wavelengths. The rotational temperature of NO from the 226 nm photolysis is (3700±350) K, corresponding to an average rotational energy of (0.32±0.03) eV, and that of NO from the 280 nm photolysis is (2400±200) K, corresponding to an average rotational energy of (0.20±0.03) eV. We observe no vibrationally excited NO and place an upper limit of 10% on the fraction of nitric oxide produced in any one vibrationally excited state. Two different limiting models, impulsive energy release and statistical energy redistribution, both correctly predict much more rotational than vibrational excitation, but neither completely describes the observed internal and kinetic energies. The impulsive model finds more NO rotational and translational energy, but much less phenoxy fragment internal energy than we observe. The statistical model does better for the NO rotation and phenoxy fragment internal energy, but underestimates the translational energy substantially. A combination of these two types of behavior provides a physical picture that qualitatively explains our observations. It is likely that statistical energy redistribution occurs during the approach to the transition state for isomerization of nitrobenzene to phenyl nitrite and impulsive energy release dominates during the subsequent rupture of the CO–NO bond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.466547
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology [Primer] (2018)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-10
    Description: Consistent epidemiological data demonstrate that patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are more likely to be women than men. Exploring mechanisms behind this sex difference in heart failure epidemiology may enrich the understanding of underlying HFpEF pathophysiology and phenotypes, with the ultimate goal of identifying therapeutic approaches for the broader HFpEF population. In this review we evaluate the influence of sex on the key domains of cardiac structure and function, the systemic and pulmonary circulation, as well as extracardiac factors and comorbidities that may explain the predisposition of women to HFpEF. We highlight the potential role of factors exclusive to or more prevalent in women such as pregnancy, preeclampsia, and iron deficiency. Finally, we discuss existing controversies and gaps in knowledge, as well as the clinical importance of known sex differences in the context of the potential need for sex-specific diagnostic criteria, improved risk stratification models, and targeted therapies.
    Keywords: Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Women, Heart Failure, Remodeling
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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