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  • American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (5)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Antitumoral Immune Response by Recruitment and Expansion of Dendritic Cells in Tumors Infected with Telomerase-Dependent Oncolytic Viruses
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2009
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 69, No. 4 ( 2009-02-15), p. 1448-1458
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 69, No. 4 ( 2009-02-15), p. 1448-1458
    Kurzfassung: Virotherapy can potentially be used to induce tumor-specific immune responses and to overcome tumor-mediated tolerance mechanisms because apoptotic tumor cells are exposed together with viral danger signals during oncolysis. However, insufficient numbers of dendritic cells (DC) present at the site of oncolysis can limit a tumor-specific immune response and the resulting therapeutic benefit. We investigated MHC class I peptide–specific immune responses against model antigens ovalbumin (OVA) and hemagglutinin (HA) in mouse tumor models that support efficient replication of the oncolytic adenovirus hTert-Ad. Virotherapy resulted in peptide-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses against intracellular tumor antigens. Triggering of DC and T-cell infiltration to the oncolytic tumors by macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α, CCL3) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L) enhanced both antitumoral and antiviral immune responses. Although immune-mediated clearance of the virus can restrict therapeutic efficacy of virotherapy, MIP-1α/FLT3L–augmented hTert-Ad virotherapy inhibited local tumor growth more effectively than virotherapy alone. In agreement with the hypothesis that immune-mediated mechanisms account for improved outcome in MIP-1α/FLT3L virotherapy, we observed systemic antitumoral effects by MIP-1α/FLT3L virotherapy on uninfected lung metastasis in immunocompetent mice but not in nude mice. Furthermore, MIP-1α/FLT3L virotherapy of primary tumors was strongly synergistic with tumor DC vaccination in inhibition of established lung metastasis. Combined viroimmunotherapy resulted in long-term survival of 50% of treated animals. In summary, improvement of cross-presentation of tumor antigens by triggering of DC and T-cell infiltration during virotherapy enhances antitumoral immune response that facilitates an effective viroimmunotherapy of primary tumors and established metastases. [Cancer Res 2009;69(4):1448–58]
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1160
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2009
    ZDB Id: 2036785-5
    ZDB Id: 1432-1
    ZDB Id: 410466-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Telomerase-Dependent Virotherapy Overcomes Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinomas against Chemotherapy and Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand by Elimination of Mcl-1
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2005
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 65, No. 16 ( 2005-08-15), p. 7393-7402
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 65, No. 16 ( 2005-08-15), p. 7393-7402
    Kurzfassung: Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are drug-resistant tumors that frequently possess high telomerase activity. It was therefore the aim of our study to investigate the potential of telomerase-dependent virotherapy in multimodal treatment of HCC. In contrast to normal liver, HCC xenografts showed high telomerase activity, resulting in tumor-restricted expression of E1A by a telomerase-dependent replicating adenovirus (hTERT-Ad). Neither tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or chemotherapy alone nor the combined treatment with both agents resulted in significant destruction of HCC cells. Application of hTERT-Ad at low titers was also not capable to destroy HCC cells, but telomerase-dependent virotherapy overcame the resistance of HCC against TRAIL and chemotherapy. The synergistic effects are explained by a strong down-regulation of Mcl-1 expression through hTERT-Ad that sensitizes HCC for TRAIL- and chemotherapy-mediated apoptosis. To investigate whether down-regulation of Mcl-1 alone is sufficient to explain synergistic effects observed with virotherapy, Mcl-1 expression was inhibited by RNA interference. Treatment with Mcl-1-siRNA significantly enhanced caspase-3 activity after chemotherapy and TRAIL application, confirming that elimination of Mcl-1 is responsible for the drug sensitization by hTERT-Ad. Consistent with these results, heterologous overexpression of Mcl-1 significantly reduced the sensitization of hTERT-Ad transduced cells against apoptosis-inducing agents. Chemotherapy did not interfere with quantitative hTERT-Ad production in HCC cells. Whereas hTERT-Ad virotherapy alone was only capable to inhibit the growth of Hep3B xenografts, virochemotherapy resulted in vast destruction of the drug-resistant HCC. In conclusion our data indicate that telomerase-dependent virotherapy is an attractive strategy to overcome the natural resistance of HCC against anticancer drugs by elimination of Mcl-1.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3664
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2005
    ZDB Id: 2036785-5
    ZDB Id: 1432-1
    ZDB Id: 410466-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Perioperative, Spatiotemporally Coordinated Activation of T and NK Cells Prevents Recurrence of Pancreatic Cancer
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2018
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 78, No. 2 ( 2018-01-15), p. 475-488
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 78, No. 2 ( 2018-01-15), p. 475-488
    Kurzfassung: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal and disseminating cancer resistant to therapy, including checkpoint immunotherapies, and early tumor resection and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy fails to improve a poor prognosis. In a transgenic mouse model of resectable PDAC, we investigated the coordinated activation of T and natural killier (NK) cells in addition to gemcitabine chemotherapy to prevent tumor recurrence. Only neoadjuvant, but not adjuvant treatment with a PD-1 antagonist effectively supported chemotherapy and suppressed local tumor recurrence and improved survival involving both NK and T cells. Local T-cell activation was confirmed by increased tumor infiltration with CD103+CD8+ T cells and neoantigen-specific CD8 T lymphocytes against the marker neoepitope LAMA4-G1254V. To achieve effective prevention of distant metastases in a complementary approach, we blocked the NK-cell checkpoint CD96, an inhibitory NK-cell receptor that binds CD155, which was abundantly expressed in primary PDAC and metastases of human patients. In gemcitabine-treated mice, neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade followed by adjuvant inhibition of CD96 significantly prevented relapse of PDAC, allowing for long-term survival. In summary, our results show in an aggressively growing transgenic mouse model of PDAC that the coordinated activation of both innate and adaptive immunity can effectively reduce the risk of tumor recurrence after surgery, facilitating long-term remission of this lethal disease. Significance: Coordinated neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies reduce the risk of disease relapse after resection of murine PDAC, suggesting this concept for future clinical trials. Cancer Res; 78(2); 475–88. ©2017 AACR.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-2415
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 2036785-5
    ZDB Id: 1432-1
    ZDB Id: 410466-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Genomic Correlates of Response to Everolimus in Aggressive Radioiodine-refractory Thyroid Cancer: A Phase II Study
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2018
    In:  Clinical Cancer Research Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2018-04-01), p. 1546-1553
    Details
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2018-04-01), p. 1546-1553
    Kurzfassung: Purpose: Targeting mutations leading to PI3K/mTOR/Akt activation are of interest in thyroid cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of everolimus in aggressive, radioactive iodine–refractory (RAIR) thyroid cancer and correlated tumor mutational profiling with response. Exploratory medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer cohorts were included. Experimental Design: This single-arm, multi-institutional phase II study was conducted from 2009 to 2013 in patients with incurable RAIR thyroid cancer who had radiographic progression six months prior to enrollment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) with a median follow-up of 31.8 months. The study is closed to enrollment but treatment and follow-up are ongoing. A targeted next-generation sequencing platform was used for mutational analysis. Results: Thirty-three patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), 10 with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and 7 with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) enrolled. For the DTC cohort, median PFS was 12.9 months (95% CI, 7.3–18.5) with a 2-year PFS of 23.6% (95% CI, 10.5–39.5). Median OS was not reached; 2-year OS was 73.5% (95% CI, 53.8–85.8). Among ATC patients, 1 had a partial response and was progression-free until 17.9 months after study entry and one had disease stability for 26 months, respectively. The genomically profiled cohort enriched for PI3K/mTOR/Akt alterations. PI3K/mTOR/Akt–mutated ATC subgroups appeared to benefit from everolimus. Treatment-related adverse events were as anticipated. Conclusions: Everolimus has significant antitumor activity in thyroid cancer. While genomic profiling does not currently guide therapeutic selection in thyroid cancer patients, these data have important implications when considering the use of an mTOR inhibitor in an era of precision medicine. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1546–53. ©2018 AACR.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2297
    RVK:
    XA 36791
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018
    ZDB Id: 1225457-5
    ZDB Id: 2036787-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Abstract 3512: MYCN and survivin cooperatively contribute to malignant transformation of fibroblasts
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2014
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 74, No. 19_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 3512-3512
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 74, No. 19_Supplement ( 2014-10-01), p. 3512-3512
    Kurzfassung: The oncogenes MYCN and survivin (BIRC5) maintain aggressiveness of diverse cancers including sarcomas. To investigate whether these oncogenes cooperate in initial malignant transformation, we transduced them into Rat-1 fibroblasts. Indeed, survivin enhanced MYCN-driven contact-uninhibited and anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Importantly, upon subcutaneous transplantation into mice, cells overexpressing both instead of either one of the oncogenes generated tumors with shortened latency, marked anaplasia and an increased proliferation-to-apoptosis ratio resulting in accelerated growth. Mechanistically, the increased tumorigenicity was associated with an enhanced Warburg effect and HIF1α-linked vascular remodeling. This cooperation between MYCN and survivin may be important in the genesis of several cancers. Citation Format: Nora Hipp, Lisa Christner, Thomas Wirth, Wolfgang Mueller-Klieser, Stefan Walenta, Evelin Schröck, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Christian Beltinger. MYCN and survivin cooperatively contribute to malignant transformation of fibroblasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3512. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3512
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3512
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publikationsdatum: 2014
    ZDB Id: 2036785-5
    ZDB Id: 1432-1
    ZDB Id: 410466-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
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