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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scanning electron microscope study of plasma-polymerized organosilicon films suitable for use as lightguides. A determination of the cause of signal attenuation (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1179-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the optical quality of a plasma-deposited organic film. A major source of signal attenuation in lightguide films results from scattering by microscopic embedded spheres. The spheres are produced in the gas phase, and their size and population density are a function of the substrate surface and the rate of film formation. For all systems studied, the number of spheres increase with increasing rate. High-quality films were deposited more easily on silicon, silicon dioxide, tungsten, and glass than on Nichrome or β-tantalum. Gold, copper, and titanium surfaces proved more difficult, while aluminum was the most intractable material encountered. The rate of film growth usually increased with an increase in power input for any ratio of total pressure-partial pressure of monomer. Spheres were essentially eliminated or their number reduced to a tolerable level by a proper choice of reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160512
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic dyeability and acid content of high-conversion polyacrylonitrile (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 3341-3351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Previous data have shown that the basic dyeability of acrylic polymers increases at a given specific viscosity as the peroxydisulfate-to-bisulfite ratio, that is, the catalyst-toactivator (C/A) ratio, is increased. This study represents an effort to understand better the role of the initiator system on the basic dyeability, the acid group composition, and the chain composition of acrylic polymers by preparing model polymers with radioactive initiators. As the C/A ratio is increased, the molecular weight distribution broadens as measured by the M̄v/M̄n ratio, the latter obtained by osmometry. There is also a significant effect of both C/A ratio and molecular weight on the sulfate group content per molecule, but there is no effect of C/A ratio on the number of basic dye sites per molecule, the number of sulfonate groups per molecule, or the weak acid groups per molecule. These effects can be explained by invoking a chain transfer to activator reaction in addition to the usual method of chain termination by recombination. The basic dyeability is found to correlate with the number-average molecular weight and with the number of strong acid groups plus the nonchromophoric weak acid groups.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070161223
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithography and radiation chemistry of epoxy containing negative electron resists (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 529-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A class of negative electron-beam resists is described which have excellent lithographic characteristics. The resists are copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate. Their molecular weights, epoxy contents, and polydispersivities can be controlled to give an adjustable range of electron sensitivity and contrast. The copolymers are compared to other epoxy containing, negative electron-beam resists.Micrography of resist profiles generated from a single line scan of the electron beam have been used to illustrate the complex interaction of accelerating voltage of the electron beam and resist contrast on resolution. Optical gratings made from single line scans of the beam have feature sizes less than 300 nm in the resist, etched metals, and dielectrics.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140713
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor development of poly(olefin sulfone) resists (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(2-methyl pentene-1) sulfone undergoes scission followed by rapid chain depolymerization when irradiated with 5-20 kV electrons. Several parameters which affect the rate of this process, termed vapor development, were evaluated, viz., molecular weight, dose rate, temperature, accelerating voltage and film thickness. While it was never really possible to remove 100 percent of the film, it was possible to remove 〉 99 percent at reasonably low doses (∼ 10-6 coul/cm-2) using high temperatures (∼ 100°C) and low accelerating voltage (5 kV). Some lithographic details of this process are also described.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140712
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systematic synthesis of separation schemes (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 941-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports efforts to automate the synthesis of separation processes. Heuristic and algorithmic programming are used to select both the sequence and types of processes used for the conversion of complex mixtures into specified products. Improved schemes are evolved using learning techniques. An illustrative example is included.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180510
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic liquid membrane rector: I. Concept and preliminary experiments in acetaldehyde synthesis (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 457-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180239
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plasma polymerization of vinyl monomers. I. The design, construction, and operation of an inductively coupled plasma generator and preliminary studies with nine monomers (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2291-2315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus was constructed which would allow vinyl-type monomers (and others) to polymerize at ambient temperatures in the presence of an inductively coupled RF field. The details of the construction of the system are reported along with preliminary results obtained from nine monomers: styrene, methylvinyldichlorosilane, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, vinyl fluoride, 1,1-difluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, ethylene, and 1,3-butadiene.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160911
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron irradiation of poly(olefin sulfones). Application to electron beam resists (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3211-3221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: All the poly(olefin sulfones) examined degraded rapidly under electron irradiation. The dose required to effect a molecular weight distribution completely separated from the original distribution as required for fractional solution development was similar for all polymers, viz., 1-2 × 10-6 coulomb/cm2. This indicates that they all have similar values for G(scission). The film thickness of the exposed area decreased at a rate dependent on olefin structure and temperature. This process, termed vapor development, has been attributed to concurrent chain scission and depolymerization. Factors determining the rate of depropagation are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171022
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The plasma polymerization of vinyl monomers. II. A detailed study of the plasma polymerization of styrene (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 2317-2341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made on the plasma polymerization of styrene monomer in a cold, low-power, inductively coupled RF plasma. Styrene monomer yielded an insoluble, crosslinked film which was slightly colored. A kinetic study is reported for styrene. The effects of power level, bleed rate of monomer, pressure, and reactor geometry on the rate of polymer formation are reported. A mechanism is postulated for plasma polymerization. It was found that the initiation step was the rate controlling step and that the reaction followed a cationic polymerization scheme. Both crosslinking and discoloration of the polymers occur at the time of polymerization and are not a result of exposure of the reacted polymer to the plasma. The polymerization was shown to take place in the bulk phase as well as on the reaction wall surfaces.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1972.070160912
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective and nonselective isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse L-cells and their characterizationSupported by the Medical Research Council of Canada and the National Cancer Institute of Canada. (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 78 (1971), S. 431-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mutants of mouse L-cells which are temperature-sensitive for growth have been obtained by using both selective and nonselective isolation procedures on populations treated with the mutagen nitrosoguanidine. Selective isolation was carried out by utilizing a five-day treatment with 3H-TdR and ara-C as selective agents at the nonpermissive temperature. Nonselective isolation was performed by isolating 1400 clones in the absence of selective agents and then testing them for temperature-sensitivity. From this experiment we obtained a minimum estimate of 6 × 10-3 for the frequency of mutants in the mutagentreated population. The mutants were characterized by their plating efficiencies, growth in suspension culture, and uptake of isotopic precursors of DNA, RNA, and protein. A range in phenotypes was observed, and there appeared to be some differences between the mutants obtained by the two types of isolation procedures. In uptake experiments the most marked reductions in the rates of precursor incorporation were seen with 3H-TdR, rather than 3H-UR or 3H-Leu. Different mutant lines showed considerable variation in the rate of cessation of DNA synthesis as well as the time required for termination of cell division. These experiments suggest that both types of isolation procedures are feasible for obtaining temperature-sensitive mutants having a range of phenotypes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040780312
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