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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Equilibrium polymerization of a mixture of two different monomers (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 6457-6466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a general theory of equilibrium polymerization in a binary mixture by applying the n-vector model for magnetism in a weak field. Results are given for the temperature dependence of the order parameters, polymer length, and phase diagrams in the concentration–temperature plane. In addition to phase separations between two monomer phases and between a monomer and a polymer phase, the phase diagrams show the possibility of coexistence between two polymer phases with a critical point. It is shown that our theory becomes identical to the earlier theory for equilibrium copolymerization of Tobolsky and Owen when the molecular field approximation and some additional approximations are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449545
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophil infiltration in primary esophageal achalasia (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 1894-1899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: achalasia ; eosinophils ; eosinophil cationic protein ; cytotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Smooth-muscle specimens from the lower esophagus of nine patients operated on for esophageal achalasia were examined with routine hematoxylin-eosin staining. This procedure revealed only a few eosinophils in or between the external smooth-muscle layers. Using specific immunohistochemical methods for the detection of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), however, varying degrees of eosinophil infiltration and extracellular deposit of ECP were disclosed in the achalasia specimens. The ECP also reacted with the monoclonal antibody, EG2, indicating secretion of the cytotoxic ECP. Few or no eosinophils were seen in the muscularis externa in specimens from six control patients without esophageal disease. In two controls many eosinophils were observed in the muscularis externa. However, no extracellular ECP was detected and very few eosinophils reacted with the monoclonal antibody (EG2), suggesting that these eosinophils were not activated. Depletion or total absence of peptidergic innervation was seen in all achalasia specimens but not in controls. Since the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), in its activated form, is cytotoxic, we propose a pathogenic role of the eosinophil infiltration in achalasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536708
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced variation in the clonogenic assay obtained by standardization of the cell culture conditions prior to drug testing on human small cell lung cancer cell lines (1989)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 7 (1989), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: interexperimental variation ; in vitro chemosensitivity ; small cell carcinoma of the lung ; anthracycline analogues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An advantage of established tumor cell lines compared to fresh human tumor specimens used in sensitivity assessments is the possibility of repeated experiments. Ultimately a database of sensitivity profiles on a panel of cell lines can be made and the sensitivity to new drugs compared with historical data. A prerequisite of this strategy is a minimal interexperimental variation. The sensitivity of eight human small cell lung cancer cell lines to adriamycin, daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, and mitoxantrone was tested in the clonogenic assay. A covariation in the sensitivity to the drugs emphasized the importance of simultaneous drug testing on the same batch of cells. On one cell line (NCI-N592) the interexperimental variation was further evaluated and a significant correlation was found between preexposure culture conditions, size of S-phase, and sensitivity to adriamycin, daunomycin, and mitoxantrone. Rigorous standardization of the growth conditions prior to clonogenic assay reduced the variation in the sensitivity to adriamycin from a factor of five to only 10–15%. It is concluded that simultaneous experiments on the same batch of cells in drug comparisons should be used if possible. Specification and standardization of culture conditions are necessary in the comparison of drugs tested in different experiments. Inclusion of the same reference drug in all experiments may further increase the validity of comparisons in different experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173760
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