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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive secretion of the tenebrionid beetle,Blaps mucronata: Physical and chemical determinants of effectiveness (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 161 (1987), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The primary components of the defensive secretions ofBlaps mucronata (Tenebrionidae) are two quinones (methyl-p-benzoquinone and ethyl-p-benzoquinone) and the hydrocarbon 1p-n-tridecene. The hydrocarbon is shown, by comparison with longer- and shorter-chainn-alkanes and 1-n-alkenes, to be optimally suited as carrier of the quinones, and as a surfactant that promotes spread of secretion over the beetle's body following discharge from the gland openings at the abdominal tip. As shown from repellency tests with ants (Monomorium pharaonis) and topical irritancy tests with cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), the antiinsectan potency of the secretion derives as much from the hydrocarbon as from the quinones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603963
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive secretion of the carabid beetlePasimachus subsulcatus (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1689-1697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Defensive secretion ; aliphatic acids ; beetle ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Pasimachus subsulcatus ; carboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretion of the carabid beetlePasimachus subsulcatus is a concentrated solution (up to 90%) of carboxylic acids, amounting to about 1% of body mass. It contains three major components (methacrylic, tiglic, and angelic acids) and four minor components (isobutyric, 2-methyl-butyric, isovaleric, and senecioic acids). In the single population of this large flightless beetle that was examined, the relative ratio of acidic components was remarkably constant from individual to individual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012258
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Necrodols: Anti-insectan terpenes from defensive secretion of carrion beetle (Necrodes surinamensis) (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1407-1415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Silphidae ; Necrodes surinamensis ; carrion beetle ; monoterpenes ; iridoids ; necrodols ; defensive secretion ; insect repellent ; insect irritant ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two compounds recently isolated from the defensive gland ofNecrodes surinamensis, α-and β-necrodol, first representatives of a new category of monoterpenes (the necrodanes), are shown to be repellent to ants and other insects and irritating to cockroaches and flies. The compounds doubtless play a defensive role inNecrodes. The possible long-range applied significance of research on insect repellents is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012360
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technique for visualization of epidermal glandular structures in plants (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 943-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemical ecology ; plant defenses ; glandular trichomes ; Tollens' reagent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of microscopic glandular structures (hairs, capsules, nodules) on a leaf or other plant part can be recorded visually by pressing the plant part against an indicator surface (filter paper, thin-layer chromatography plate) soaked in Tollens' reagent. The glandular sites are revealed instantly on the test surface as dark spots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020173
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pheromone-mediated sexual selection in the mothUtetheisa ornatrix: Olfactory receptor neurons responsive to a male-produced pheromone (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 371-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Utethesia ; male-produced pheromone ; olfactory receptor neurons ; sexual selection ; electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male Utetheisa ornatrixhave a pair of eversible glandular brushes (coremata) which are displayed during precopulatory interactions with the female. Earlier studies have shown that a pheromone associated with the coremata, hydroxydanaidal (HD), is derived by the males from pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) that they sequester as larvae from their foodplants (Crotalariaspp.) The PAs impart a “distastefulness” upon Utetheisathat protects both larvae and adults against predation. The receptor neurons specialized for detection of HD are housed in sensilla whose morphological features, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, classify them as sensilla basiconica. The sensitivity and dynamic range of these receptor neurons were largely unaffected by whether the females were raised on an alkaloid-free diet or on a diet supplemented with Crotalariaseeds. Acetylation of the hydroxyl group of HD substantially reduced the activity of the molecule. None of the antennal sensilla examined contained receptor neurons sensitive to a PA (monocrotaline) or its N-oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01068062
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammalian breath: trigger of defensive chemical response in a tenebrionid beetle (Bolitotherus cornutus) (1985)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 16 (1985), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The tenebrionid beetle Bolitotherus cornutus everts a pair of quinone-producing defensive glands in response to mammalian breath. Experiments with a controlled airstream indicate that the beetle “recognizes” breath on the basis of temperature, humidity, and airflow dynamics. Under attack by mice the beetle everts the glands immediately upon being mouthed and may secure its release as a result. Against ants the beetle is protected by its tough exoskeleton and usually refrains from everting the glands. Other arthropods also show defensive responses when breathed upon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295144
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