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  • 1990-1994  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biogeography of polyphenolic compounds in marine macroalgae: temperate brown algal defenses deter feeding by tropical herbivorous fishes (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 84 (1990), S. 158-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Brown algae ; Biogeography ; Chemical defenses ; Herbivory ; Polyphenolic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many tropical brown algae have low levels of polyphenolic compounds and are readily consumed by herbivorous fish. In contrast, temperate brown algae often produce large quantities of phenolic compounds causing them to be distasteful to herbivorous gastropods and sea urchins. We hypothesized that tropical brown algae do not use phenolic compounds as antiherbivore defenses because these compounds are not effective deterrents against tropical fish. To test our hypothesis, we assessed the ability of extracts from 8 tropical and 13 temperate algae with a broad range of phenolic levels to deter feeding by herbivorous fishes on Guam. Extracts of the high-phenolic (〉2% d.w.) temperate brown algae consistently deterred feeding by herbivorous fishes, whereas extracts from low phenolic (〈2% d.w.) temperate and 6 of 8 low-phenolic tropical brown algae did not. Thus, phenolic compounds could be effective feeding deterrents towards herbivorous fishes on Guam, but for unknown reasons they are not used by Guamanian brown algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318266
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical and structural defenses in the sea fan Gorgonia ventalina: effects against generalist and specialist predators (1992)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 11 (1992), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Cyphoma gibbosum is an ovulid predatory gastropod that specializes on gorgonians, many of which contain secondary metabolites and calcified sclerites that serve as antipredator defenses. In field and shipboard feeding assays, we examined the role of gorgonian crude extracts and sclerites as feeding deterrents to generalist predators and to C. gibbosum. Crude extracts and sclerites were isolated from Gorgonia ventalina, a Caribbean sea fan on which C. gibbosum feeds, and incorporated into a carrageenan-based artificial diet. In shipboard feeding experiments, artificial diet containing G. ventalina crude extracts was consumed 49% less by C. gibbosum, than artificial diet lacking extracts. The addition of G. ventalina sclerites to the diet also reduced feeding by Cyphoma by about one half. The addition of extracts to the artificial diet reduced feeding by natural assemblages of tropical fishes at Cross Harbor, Great Abaco Island, Bahamas by 87%; sclerites reduced feeding by fishes by 95%. Gorgonia ventalina extracts were composed of at least a dozen nonpolar terpenoids. Fractions containing these compounds were feeding deterrents towards fishes in the field. Unlike many terrestrial oligophagous specialists, C. gibbosum is not immune to the defenses produced by its prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255470
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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