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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3799-3801 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Ballistic electron emission microscopy (BEEM) is a relatively new technique enabling spectroscopic investigation of subsurface interface structures and electronic properties. BEEM is a direct, nondamaging method with nanometer spatial resolution. In this paper, an inexpensive modification to a conventional scanning tunneling microscope, converting it to a BEEM, is presented. BEEM performance is significantly affected by the preamplifier and the low-pass filter, which is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The system is tested on a thin Au metallization to (100) Si. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5118-5120 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of NixSiO2(1−x) granular films was prepared by ion sputtering, and some of them were annealed. Both the complex dielectric function and magneto-optical polar Kerr spectra of the samples were measured in the 1.5–4.5 eV photon energy range at room temperature. There are broad peaks in the 2.5–3.5 and 3.2–4.5 eV range in the Kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra, respectively. The Kerr intensities increase with increasing Ni composition. For sample x=0.65, the Kerr peaks are redshifted, with reduced intensities after annealing. Both the off-diagonal terms of the dielectric tensor and the optical constants are attributed to enhancement of the Kerr effect in a particular spectral range for the metal–insulator granular films. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5121-5123 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of CoxAg100−x granular films was annealed at 100, 250, 400, and 500 °C, respectively. Both the dielectric function and polar Kerr effect were measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer and a magneto-optical Kerr spectrometer in the 1.5–4.5 eV photon energy range. It was found that the Kerr effect was greatly enhanced with increasing annealing temperature, especially for those samples having low Co compositions. After annealing, the strong resonance peaks appear in the 3.7–4.1 eV range. For the typical sample with x=6, the maximum Kerr rotation angle is about 0.26° near 4.0 eV after annealing at 500 °C. Through data analysis, the large negative peak at about 3.85 eV is attributed to the plasma edge of Ag, and the positive peak near 4.0 eV is attributed to the new magneto-optical structure and the properties of the granular film. The larger short-wavelength Kerr effect will be useful for increasing magneto-optical data-storage density. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 900-904 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The giant magnetoresistance of sputtered granular type (Co–Ag)/Ag multilayers with different Co content and sublayer thickness' was studied. With an increasing Ag layer thickness, the magnetoresistance ratio ΔR/R first increases to reach a maximum and then decreases. With an increasing Co content in the magnetic layers, the maximum shifts towards a large Ag layer thickness. These phenomena can be attributed to the antiferromagnetic coupling between the Co clusters in neighboring Co–Ag layers. With an increasing Co–Ag layer thickness, ΔR/R increases monotonically for a small Co content in the magnetic layers, while for a large Co content, a maximum appears at a small magnetic layer thickness. It is suggested that the interplay of spin dependent scattering and the shunting effect in the Co–Ag layers results in the above thickness dependence. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 7418-7424 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Collisional quenching of the v'=0 vibrational level of the A 2Σ+ state of nitric oxide has been studied over the temperature range 215 to 300 K for the collision partners CO2, O2, H2O, NH3, H2S, and NO itself. The pressure dependence of the time decay of laser-induced fluorescence furnished the quenching cross sections σQ. The temperature is measured in situ. For all colliders, σQ is large and increases as the temperature decreases; this includes NO and O2 which do not show a temperature dependence above 300 K. The temperature dependence of σQ for each collider can be adequately described by the simple attractive force model of Parmenter and co-workers. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food biochemistry 23 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4514
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An improved method for cholesterol determination in egg yolk is reported in this paper. Egg yolk was first diluted. Cholesterol was then extracted with ether and petroleum ether, and quantified by reverse phase chromatography on a Zorbax ODS column (0.46 × 15cm, 5–6 μm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 2-propanol (4:1) with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. A linear correlation was observed between cholesterol concentration at 0.05–0.40 mg/mL and its peak heights with a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 (n = 5). The average recovery was 98.9%, and detection limit was 0.02 mg/mL. No differences in cholesterol concentration were observed between egg yolk samples with and without saponification. Rapid and reproducible quantification of cholesterol in egg yolk can be completed with this simplified method.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To test the hypothesis that vav participates in signal transduc-tions from the T- and B-cell receptor for antigen, we examined the ability of vav-nu\\ embryonic stem (ES) cells12 to differentiate into T and B cells following injection into RAG-2/ blastocysts13. Because neither develop ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 879-883 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The cause of decadal-scale variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean—such as that marked by the 1976–77 shift in the El Niño/Southern Oscillation—is poorly understood. Unravelling the mechanism of the recent decade-long warming in the tropical upper ocean is a ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta applicandae mathematicae 47 (1997), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: convergence ; convergence rate ; convergence order ; sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Eight measures of rate of convergence of monotone sequences of real numbers have been proposed and discussed in a paper by Beyer, Ebanks, and Qualls (Acta Appl. Math. 20 (1990), 267–284). These rates arose in discussions of dynamical systems. In the comparisons of these rates, two problems remained. A complete answer is given to one of the problems and a partial answer is given to the other problem.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 67 (1999), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Keywords: CuO−SiO2gel ; methanol dehydrogenation ; methyl formate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract CuO−SiO2 gel catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and were characterized by UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). It was found that the copper loadings have a strong influence on the reduction and catalytic properties of CuO−SiO2 gels. A great part of copper oxide is highly dispersed as confirmed by TPR, XRD and DRS data. The catalysts are shown to be active and selective toward methyl formate formation in methanol dehydrogenation due to the presence of highly dispersed copper over SiO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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