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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Besiedlung von Hartsubstratplättchen in unterschiedlichen marinen Mikroökosystemen (1995)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (95 Seiten = 9 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karten
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/53538/
    Language: German
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Untersuchungen zum Einfluß verschiedener Epibiosen auf Räuber-Beute-Beziehungen (1997)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (71 Seiten = 4 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karte
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/54092/
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zum Einfluß der Konkurrenz auf die Besiedlungsdynamik und die Zusammensetzung von Hartbodengemeinschaften (1998)
    Kiel
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (107 Seiten = 6 MB) , Illustrationen, Graphen, Karte
    Edition: 2021
    URL: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/54175/
    Language: German
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associational resistance and shared doom: effects of epibiosis on herbivory (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 329-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Fouling ; Epibiosis ; Host-epibiont-herbivore interactions ; Plant-hervivore interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The potential for spatial associations between palatable and unpalatable plant species to reduce herbivore pressure on the palatable species has been described as associational resistance, associational refuge or associational defense for numerous terrestrial and marine communities. One of the closest associations between species-epibiosis-has not been thoroughly investigated in this regard. In this study we evaluated how different associations between host seaweeds and epibiotic plants and animals influenced the movement of an omnivorous sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) to the host and subsequent feeding on the host. A. punctulata showed clear preferences when given pairwise choices between 12 prey species (3 animals, 9 algae). These preferences were consistent and allowed us to rank the six epibiont species and six host species linearly from least to most preferred by A. punculata. Most host-epibiont associations dramatically changed urchin preference, increasing or decreasing urchin grazing on fouled hosts as compared to clean conspecifics. Herbivory on the host increased when the epibiont was more preferred, and decreased when it was less preferred than the unfouled host alga. Taking the host species as a point of reference, we classified epibiosis-caused decrease in herbivory as associational resistance, while epibiont-caused increases in herbivory were defined as shared doom. These epibiont-host-herbivore interactions could select for hosts that facilitate the growth of certain low preference epibionts on their surfaces in situations where the resulting decreases in herbivory would offset the various negative effects of being fouled. In contrast, in situations where herbivores are common, the negative effects of being fouled by palatable epibionts may be much greater than is generally assumed. In our assays, unpalatable hosts fouled by palatable epibionts became much more attractive to urchins and rose several ranks on the urchins' preference hierarchy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329800
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    Non‐toxic protection against epibiosis (1998)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Biofouling, 12 (1-3). pp. 205-226.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-03-23
    Description: Epibiosis on four marine benthic invertebrate species was found to be reduced relative to other nearby surfaces, suggesting the existence of an underlying protection against fouling. In all four cases, toxic chemical antifouling defenses were wanting or inconsistent. However, the lack of epibionts could be attributed to the existence of non‐toxic protective properties in all instances, viz. periodic emergence and mutual grazing in the gastropod, Littorina littorea, cumulative filtration and an as yet unidentified fouling‐reducing property of the periostracum of the bivalve Mytilus edulis, repellency and, possibly, mucus secretion in the colonial ascidian, Cystodytes lobatus, burrowing, periodic emergence (intertidal individuals) and moulting in the crustacean, Carcinus maenas. It seems that such protective systems are often multiple, consisting of several, more or less overlapping, adaptations to reduce fouling. Characteristics of these non‐toxic, multiple protection systems and their significance for potential epibionts are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    DOI: 10.1080/08927019809378355
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  • 6
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    Bacterial epibiosis on Bahamian and Pacific ascidians (1995)
    Elsevier
    In:  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 191 (2). pp. 239-255.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-10
    Description: Interactions between epibiotic bacteria and organisms possibly play a central role in marine ecology. Despite its potential significance, this held has long time been neglected. For most aquatic taxa nothing is known about presence/absence of bacteria on their. surface, much less about specific associations or potential interactions between epibiotically associated micro- and macroorganisms. Bahamian and Pacific ascidians, most of them colonial, were screened for the presence, abundance and diversity of epibiotic bacteria and macroepibionts. Only one species, Polyclinum planum, occasionally carried macroepibionts. All ascidian species exhibited varying densities of epibiotic bacteria on their surfaces. Average epibacterial abundance as assessed by plate counts on the 29 species ranged from 60 to 1.2X10(7)/cm(2). Significant differences in bacterial abundances were observed between species, families and geographical regions. On the family level, Polyclinidae were the most densely colonized. Bahamian species exhibited less dense epibacterial communities than Pacific species, a difference that may partly be caused by the absence of the heavily fouled Polyclinidae from the Bahamian collection. Diversity of culturable strains, evaluated for the Bahamian species only, was uniformly high on most species. I did not find any evidence for specific associations (as reflected by dominance of single strains) between culturable bacteria and ascidian species. Contrarily, direct observation by epifluorescence revealed the presence of an apparently dominant photosynthetic symbiont on several didemnid species. The presence of this symbiont correlated negatively with abundance and diversity of culturable epibionts. This negative correlation could reflect properties of the host's surface which selectively favor proliferation of the symbiont or antagonistic interactions between the symbionts and other potential bacterial colonizers.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1016/0022-0981(95)00018-M
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Increased drag reduces growth of snails:comparison of flume and in situ experiments (1997)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 151 . pp. 291-293.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-04
    Description: Snails Littorina littorea with and without artificial epibionts were exposed in situ for nearly 1 mo. Measurement of individual shell length increase over this period revealed that clean snails grew 3 times faster than fouled snails. These results compare well with previously conducted flume experiments (Wahl 1996). This epibiosis effect is thought to be due to increased drag-the only feature distinguishing the 2 treatment groups-caused by the presence of epibionts on the shell. Increased drag probably entails higher energy expenditure for pedal activities (attachment and locomotion) and a reduced allocation of resources towards growth and, possibly, reproduction
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps151291
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  • 8
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    Fouled snails in flow:potential of epibionts on Littorina littorea to increase drag and reduce snail growth rates (1996)
    Inter Research
    In:  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 138 . pp. 157-168.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-05
    Description: Epibiosis is one of the closest interspecies associations. The presence of epibionts potentially causes a multitude of beneficial or detrimental effects for the basibiont. It has been shown previously that large epibionts may increase the risk of dislodgement of bivalves. In this study, sublethal effects of epibiont-induced drag increase are investigated. I assessed (1) the effects of common epibiont species (Balanus improvisus, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Ectocarpus sp.) on drag properties of the host (the periwinkle Littorina littorea), and (2) the long-term consequences of drag increase on growth rates of snails living in steady flow. All epibiont species increase drag on the host snail. They do so to unequal extents. This may be due to morphological and hydrodynamic differences among the epibionts. Thus, per unit volume of epibiont, the filamentous alga Ectocarpus sp, has a substantially stronger effect than the barnacles. Synergistic effects on drag increase can be observed in a mixed aufwuchs community. As compared to clean conspecifics, snails bearing artificial epibionts grow 35% more slowly when exposed to moderate, steady flow (8 cm s(-1)) for 5 mo. This difference in growth rates is enhanced when food is limited. I hypothesize that fouled snails coping with higher drag invest more energy into foot activities (muscles and mucus). As a consequence, when food is limited, growth rates decrease in fouled snails.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3354/meps138157
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  • 9
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    Effects of epibiosis on consumer-prey interactions (1997)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 355 (1/3). pp. 49-59.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-12
    Description: In many benthic communities predators play a crucial role in the population dynamics of their prey. Surface characteristics of the prey are important for recognition and handling by the predator. Because the establishment of an epibiotic assemblage on the surface of a basibiont species creates a new interface between the epibiotized organism and its environment, we hypothesised that epibiosis should have an impact on consumer-prey interactions. In separate investigations, we assessed how epibionts on macroalgae affected the susceptibility of the latter to herbivory by the urchin Arbacia punctulata and how epibionts on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis affected its susceptibility to predation by the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Some epibionts strongly affected consumer feeding behavior. When epibionts were more attractive than their host, consumer pressure increased. When epibionts were less attractive than their host or when they were repellent, consumer pressure decreased. In systems that are controlled from the top-down, epibiosis can strongly influence community dynamics. For the Carcinus/Mytilus system that we studied, the insitu distribution of epibionts on mussels reflected the epibiosis-determined preferences of the predator. Both direct and indirect effects are involved in determining these epibiont-prey-consumer interactions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1003054802699
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  • 10
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    Associational resistance and shared doom: effects of epibiosis on herbivory (1995)
    In:  Oecologia, 102 (3). pp. 329-340.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-16
    Description: The potential for spatial associations between palatable and unpalatable plant species to reduce herbivore pressure on the palatable species has been described as associational resistance, associational refuge or associational defense for numerous terrestrial and marine communities. One of the closest associations between species - epibiosis - has not been thoroughly investigated in this regard. In this study we evaluated how different associations between host seaweeds and epibiotic plants and animals influenced the movement of an omnivorous sea urchin (Arbacia punctulata) to the host and subsequent feeding on the host. A. punctulata showed clear preferences when given pairwise choices between 12 prey species (3 animals, 9 algae). These preferences were consistent and allowed us to rank the six epibiont species and six host species linearly from least to most preferred by A, punculata. Most host-epibiont associations dramatically changed urchin preference, increasing or decreasing urchin grazing on fouled hosts as compared to clean conspecifics. Herbivory on the host increased when the epibiont was more preferred, and decreased when it was less preferred than the unfouled host alga. Taking the host species as a point of reference, we classified epibiosis-caused decrease in herbivory as associational resistance, while epibiont-caused increases in herbivory were defined as shared doom. These epibiont-host-herbivore interactions could select for hosts that facilitate the growth of certain low preference epibionts on their surfaces in situations where the resulting decreases in herbivory would offset the various negative effects of being fouled. In contrast, in situations where herbivores are common, the negative effects of being fouled by palatable epibionts may be much greater than is generally assumed. In our assays, unpalatable hosts fouled by palatable epibionts became much more attractive to urchins and rose several ranks on the urchins' preference hierarchy.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00329800
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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