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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of two chitin synthase gene fragments from a protoplastic entomophthorale (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 129 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chitin synthase expression was studied in spontaneously produced protoplasts and in hyphal bodies of the Entomophthorale species Entomophaga aulicae. The absence of wall in protoplasts was correlated to an absence of chitin synthase. Two chitin synthase activities with different biochemical characteristics have been detected in the hyphal bodies. Two chitin synthase gene fragments EaCHS1 and EaCHS2 of 600 bp were obtained using PCR amplification of genomic DNA. Their amino acid sequences showed 75% identity. Compared with other fungal chitin synthases, they belong to class II. EaCHSl and EaCHS2 were used to probe total RNA from E. aulicae hyphal bodies and protoplasts. A single transcript of 2.4 kb hybridized only with EaCHS1 in protoplasts and hyphal bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07567.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benthic-pelagic coupling in the Greenland-Norwegian Sea and its effect on the geological record (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 84 (1995), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Benthic-pelagic coupling ; Greenland-Norwegian Sea ; Remineralization ; Bioturbation ; Sediment accumulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The sedimentation pattern of organic material in the Greenland-Norwegian Sea is reflected in the surface sediments, although less than 0.5% of the organic matter is buried in the sediment. Maximum fluxes and benthic responses are observed during June and/or August/September, following the pattern of export production in the pelagial zone. The annual remineralization rate on the Vøring Plateau is 3.0 g C m−2 a −1 Freshly settled phytodetritus, as detected by chlorophyll measurements, is rapidly mixed into the sediment and decomposed. It stimulates the activity of benthic organisms, especially foraminifera. The mixing coefficient for this material is D b=0.2 cm2 d−1, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that estimated from radiotracer methods. The effect on the geological record, however, is likely to be small. Chlorophyll-containing particles are at first very evenly distributed on the seafloor. After partial decomposition and resuspension, a secondary redistribution of particles occurs which can result in the formation of a high accumulation area, with an up to 80-fold increase in the sedimentation rate by lateral advection. This is mainly due to physical processes, because biodeposition mediated by benthic animals increases sedimentation by only a factor of two or three.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192241
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma nitrate clearance in mice: modeling of the systemic production of nitrate following the induction of nitric oxide synthesis (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 36 (1995), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Plasma nitrate clearance ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Flavone-8-acetic acid ; Tumour necrosis factor-α
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in mammals by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS) in response to a number of agents, including the experimental antitumour agent flavone acetic acid (FAA) and the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF). NO is converted rapidly in the presence of oxygen, water and haemoglobin to oxidation products, largely nitrate. To quantitate the production of nitric oxide it is necessary to know the clearance of nitrate. The concentration of nitrite and nitrate ion in the plasma of C3H and BDF1 (C57BL6×DBA2) mice was assessed before and after injection of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite. Nitrite was converted rapidly to nitrate and the kinetics of elimination of nitrate were determined. There was no significant difference between results obtained with different mouse strains, between levels of nitrite and nitrate, or between i.p. and i.v. administration, and the observations were therefore combined. The volume of distribution of nitrate was 0.71 ± 0.04 l/kg and the clearance was 0.32 ± 0.02 l/h– 1/kg– 1 (plasma half-life, 1.54 h). Using previously published data, we developed a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model that relates the production of TNF in response to administration of FAA, the enhancement of NOS activity in response to TNF, and the elevation of plasma nitrate in response to NO production. This information permits the prediction from observed plasma nitrate values of the amount of NOS induced in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venous plasma levels of endothelin-1 are not altered immediately after nitroglycerin infusion in healthy subjects (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Endothelin ; Nitric oxide ; Nitroglycerin ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; headache ; angina pectoris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelin-1 and nitric oxide play an important regulatory role in the control of vascular smooth muscle tone. Nitroglycerin (NTG), a nitric oxide donating drug, may inhibit endothelin production. In this double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, plasma levels of endothelin-1 were measured before and immediately (5–30 s) after 80 min infusion of NTG (glyceryl trinitrate) or saline in 12 healthy subjects. On two different days separated by at least 1 week, NTG in four different doses, 0.015, 0.25, 1.0, and 2.0 μg·kg−1·min−1, or placebo (isotonic saline) was infused successively for 20 min each dose. During the infusion blood pressure and heart rate were measured. NTG infusion significantly decreased systolic blood pressure from 112.4 to 103.4 mmHg and pulse pressure from 39.3 to 29.5 mmHg. Heart rate increased from 62.7 to 73.1 beats·min−1. No changes in endothelin-1 plasma levels were induced by NTG infusion (2.4 pg·ml−1 before NTG vs. 2.7 pg·ml−1 after NTG) and placebo infusion also did not affect plasma endothelin-1. It is concluded that venous plasma levels of endothelin-1 are not altered immediately after NTG infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192739
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine-1 receptor blockade does not prevent nitroglycerin induced migraine (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Migraine ; Histamine ; nitric oxide ; glyceryl trinitrate ; cerebral arteries ; transcranial Doppler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has previously been shown that in migraine sufferers infusion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and histamine causes an immediate headache during the infusion and a genuine migraine attack one to several hours after the infusion. This identical time profile indicates a common mechanism of action. To evaluate whether GTN causes headache via liberation of histamine, we studied the effect of GTN 0.5 ώg · kg−1·min−1 for 20 min in seven migraine sufferers, once after pretreatment with the histamine-1(H1)-receptor blocker mepyramine (0.5 mg · kg−1) and once without pretreatment. This mepyramine dose is known to completely abolish histamine-induced headache. After pretreatment with mepyramine five patients experienced migraine, and without pretreatment six patients did so. The median peak headache score was 7 on a 0–10 scale with and without mepyramine pretreatment. The arterial responses, evaluated with transcranial Doppler, were also unaffected by the mepyramine pretreatment. Our results demonstrate that neither headache nor arterial dilatation due to GTN infusion is caused by histamine release. In all likelihood the common mediator of migraine induction by GTN and histamine is nitric oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203773
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine-1 receptor blockade does not prevent nitroglycerin induced migraine Support for the NO-hypothesis of migraine (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 49 (1996), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Migraine ; Histamine; nitric oxide ; glyceryl trinitrate ; cerebral arteries ; transcranial Doppler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It has previously been shown that in migraine sufferers infusion of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and histamine causes an immediate headache during the infusion and a genuine migraine attack one to several hours after the infusion. This identical time profile indicates a common mechanism of action. To evaluate whether GTN causes headache via liberation of histamine, we studied the effect of GTN 0.5 μg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅min−1  for 20 min in seven migraine sufferers, once after pretreatment with the histamine-1(H1)-receptor blocker mepyramine (0.5 mg ⋅kg−1 ) and once without pretreatment. This mepyramine dose is known to completely abolish histamine-induced headache. After pretreatment with mepyramine five patients experienced migraine, and without pretreatment six patients did so. The median peak headache score was 7 on a 0–10 scale with and without mepyramine pretreatment. The arterial responses, evaluated with transcranial Doppler, were also unaffected by the mepyramine pretreatment. Our results demonstrate that neither headache nor arterial dilatation due to GTN infusion is caused by histamine release. In all likelihood the common mediator of migraine induction by GTN and histamine is nitric oxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203773
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The autonomic nervous system and the regulation of arterial tone in migraine (1995)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 5 (1995), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: migraine ; sympathetic ; parasympathetic ; nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal regulation of the large cranial arteries seems to play a significant role in the mechanisms of migraine pain. Thus, vasodilatation of extra- and intracranial conductance arteries has been described both during spontaneous migraine attacks and during experimentally provoked vascular headaches. The regulation of the diameter of these arteries is complex and involves autonomic, trigeminovascular, endothelial and humoral mechanisms. Studies concerned with the function of the autonomic nervous system in migraine suggest that a mild parasympathetic dysfunction may be present. Cerebral arteries in migraineurs are hypersensitive to nitric oxide, which may induce migraine attacks. As the enzyme responsible for nitric oxide synthesis is present in parasympathetic nerve endings around cerebral arteries, this supports a role for the parasympathetic nervous system in migraine. In addition, vasoactive transmitters released from perivascular trigeminal nerve endings may be implicated. Several of these aspects are closely linked to the presumed mechanisms of action of modern migraine therapeutics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01818887
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of organosilanes on iron and aluminium oxide surfaces (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 25 (1997), S. 931-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: surface techniques ; thin films ; corrosion ; adhesion ; coatings ; organosilanes ; metal oxide surfaces ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of a simple organosilane, propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS), on polycrystalline aluminium and iron oxide substrates have been investigated using XPS. Comparison of the adsorption isotherms for the two substrates reveals significant differences between them. Although PTMS on iron oxide exhibits a Langmuir-like isotherm, PTMS on aluminium oxide shows an unexpected decrease in adsorption at intermediate exposures. The results demonstrate that even for the simplest organosilanes and single-component surfaces the formation of silane coatings on metals is complex and strongly dependent upon the nature of the surface. The implication of the results to silane coupling events (SCAs) is discussed briefly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
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    Benthic-pelagic coupling in the Greenland-Norwegian Sea and its effect on the geological record (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-23
    Description: The sedimentation pattern of organic material in the Greenland-Norwegian Sea is reflected in the surface sediments, although less than 0.5% of the organic matter is buried in the sediment. Maximum fluxes and benthic responses are observed during June and/or August/September, following the pattern of export production in the pelagial zone. The annual remineralization rate on the Vøring Plateau is 3.0 g C m−2 a −1 Freshly settled phytodetritus, as detected by chlorophyll measurements, is rapidly mixed into the sediment and decomposed. It stimulates the activity of benthic organisms, especially foraminifera. The mixing coefficient for this material is D b=0.2 cm2 d−1, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that estimated from radiotracer methods. The effect on the geological record, however, is likely to be small. Chlorophyll-containing particles are at first very evenly distributed on the seafloor. After partial decomposition and resuspension, a secondary redistribution of particles occurs which can result in the formation of a high accumulation area, with an up to 80-fold increase in the sedimentation rate by lateral advection. This is mainly due to physical processes, because biodeposition mediated by benthic animals increases sedimentation by only a factor of two or three.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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