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  • 1
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    Modeling the oceanic mixed-layer and effects of deep convection (1998)
    Kluwer
    In:  In: Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows. , ed. by Plate, E. J. Kluwer, Norwell, Mass., pp. 157-183.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-06
    Description: Progress in modeling the oceanic circulation has been achieved in the last few years by increasing the speed of computers and by refining modeling techniques. The dynamics of major current systems such as the Gulfstream-North Atlantic Current and their corresponding eddy variability is reasonably well understood [58, 32]. Climate models predict global warming as a result of increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and forecast El Nino events in the equatorial Pacific [50]. Freshwater imbalances in the deep convection regions of the polar and subpolar regions of the North Atlantic result in alternating multiple equilibrium states of the global thermohaline vertical circulation - the ”conveyor belt” [53]. On the other hand, large scale modeling relies heavily on the parametrization of ”subgrid” processes. This is especially true for the oceanic boundary layer. Here the modeling suffers from inappropriate information on the fluxes at the air-sea interface. Most coupled models with simplified fluxes do not represent the surface temperature well enough and water mass characteristics drift away from the initial state. Restoring conditions at the sea surface are needed to force the model back to the observations. The fluxes analyzed from runs with restoring conditions show substantial errors. It is evident that progress in the reliability of long-term predictions of climate variations can only be made with a better representation of mixed layer dynamics.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-5058-3_7
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 2
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    Parameterization of Processes in Deep Convection Regimes (1998)
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    In:  In: Ocean Modelling and Parameterization. , ed. by Chassignet, E. and Verron, J. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands, pp. 191-214. ISBN 0-7923-5228-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-20
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 3
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    The Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, and the Origin of the Azores Current (1996)
    Bornträger
    In:  In: The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean. , ed. by Krauß, W. Bornträger, Berlin, Germany, pp. 291-337. ISBN 3-443-01033-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-09
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 4
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    Structure of the Mediterranean water and meddy characteristics in the Northeastern Atlantic (1996)
    Bornträger
    In:  In: The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean. , ed. by Krauß, W. Bornträger, Berlin, Germany, pp. 365-395. ISBN 3-443-01033-4
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-04-09
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Book chapter
  • 5
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    Fahrtbericht Poseidon-Reise 222-1/2 [POS222-1/2], Abschnitt 1: Reykjavik-Reykjavik 7.8.-12.8.1996, Abschnitt 2: Reykjavik-Reykjavik 13.8.-28.8.1996 : Overflow '96 (1996)
    Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Kiel, 10 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-25
    Description: Fahrtgebiet: Irmingersee und Ausgang Dänemarkstraße Zweck: Hydrographische Aufnahme im Ausbreitungsgebiet des Overflow-Wassers, Auslegung einer Inverted Echo Sounder Verankerung (I.E.S), Auslegung von satelliten-georteten Driftbojen, Schleppen eines neuen geomagnetischen Elektrokinetographs (TTM3), Erprobung eines GPS-Arrays zur hochgenauen Ortsbestimmung Wiss. Ziele: Ermittlung mesoskaliger Strukturen im Overflow als Eingangsdaten für Simulationsrechnungen
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.2312/cr_po222_1-2
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    OceanRep: Report - Cruise Report
  • 6
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    Inferring density from temperature via a density-ratio relation (1996)
    AMS (American Meteorological Society)
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 13 . pp. 1202-1208.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-04
    Description: A method is presented for determining salinity and density from temperature data in conjunction with historical or contemporaneous (but not collocated) CTD observations. The horizontal density ratio r(z) is determined from the temperature and salinity differences at each depth (δT, δS) between pairs or ensembles of profiles. These differences are expressed as a density ratio r=αδT/βδS, where α and β are the expansion coefficients for temperature and salinity, respectively. Salinity at a site where only temperature is measured, as with an expendable bathythermograph (XBT), is computed based on the temperature and salinity at a reference station (SR,TR); that is, S=SR+(T−TR)δS/δT. The method is restrictive in its application because it is most accurate when all water masses in the region of a survey are linear extrapolations from the water masses at each of the reference stations. In reality, it provides useful results when the T and S fields are not simply linear functions of horizontal distance. This approach is particularly useful in regions where, the T(z)−S(z) relation is nonunique, as in the Mediterranean Water in the North Atlantic. The corresponding expression for the lateral density difference for an observed temperature difference (δT) is δρ=−αρ0δT(1−r−1). Observations from regions offshore and along the coast of Portugal are used to evaluate the method. Errors of less than 0.05 psu are exhibited in the evaluation of salinity determined from T-5 XBT drops compared with nearly simultaneous CTD casts. A comparison of water properties and cyclostrophic velocities is made using XCP temperatures and XCP velocities in a meddy.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013〈1202:IDFTVA〉2.0.CO;2
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    On the influence of submarine ridges on translation and stability of Agulhas rings (1999)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 104 (C4). pp. 7897-7906.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: A series of experiments with a quasi‐geostrophic model have been carried out to investigate the influence of topographic obstacles on the translatory movement of Agulhas rings. The rings were initialized as Gaussian‐shaped anomalies in the stream function field of a two‐layer ocean at rest. Bottom topography consisted of a meridional ridge of constant height in the middle of the quadratic model domain. The vertical ring structure, the initial ring position, and the height of the ridge were varied. The general northwestward movement of the model eddies has been shown to be modified toward a more equatorward direction by encountering the upslope of the ridge. Sufficient topographic heights and strong slopes can even block the eddies and force them toward a pure meridional movement. During their translation the eddies lose their vertical coherence. After about 150 days the eddy can only be detected by the surface signal, while the lower layer eddy is dispersed by the radiation of Rossby waves. The passage of “young” (regarding the time between their initialization and their contact with the ridge) and energetic eddies is accompanied by the observation of along‐slope currents of significant strength. These may be due to the rectification of radiated Rossby waves at the topographic slope. Only eddies with a significant dynamic signal in the lower layer are influenced by the bottom topography. Strong, shallow eddies over deep lower layers can cross the ridge without strong modification of their translatory movement.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/1998JC900127
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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