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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical dynamics at the spin-density-wave transition of chromium : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4802-4804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron scattering measurements of the critical fluctuations associated with the spin-density-wave transition at the Néel temperature, TN≈312 K, in a single-Q chromium crystal are reported. Critical fluctuations are observed emanating from allowed magnetic satellite positions and from satellite positions, corresponding to absent magnetic domains, at which no elastic scattering occurs. The inelastic scattering from these "silent satellites'' grows rapidly with increasing temperature, becoming equal to the allowed single-Q satellite scattering at TN. The line shapes of the inelastic scattering at both the allowed and silent satellites are found to be intrinsically asymmetric, reflecting the underlying nesting geometry of the Fermi surface. Energy scans at the silent satellite positions reveal a weakly temperature dependent, characteristic energy below which the observed scattering intensity falls rapidly to zero. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361677
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with low-ripple optical pump bands (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3987-3989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used multilayer mirror optimization methods to enhance the coupling of pump light into vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). With previously reported devices, pump light was coupled into VCSEL cavities through interference notches in the mirror reflectance spectrum. This approach is sensitive to temperature dependent reflectance spectrum shifts. We have created devices with a wide pump-band window of low reflectance. We report the simulation, growth, and optically pumped lasing of such optimized low-ripple VCSELs. Further, broadband pump windows open the possibility of spectrally-broad optical pumps and they eliminate need for costly tunable pump lasers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117846
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does post-laparoscopy pain relate to residual carbon dioxide? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied 20 day case gynaecological laparoscopy patients, who had an erect chest X ray taken before discharge. Patients were telephoned the next day for a semi-structured interview. Particular note was made of shoulder tip pain and pain relieved by changing posture. The X ray was analysed for measurements of the length of arc and height of the gas bubble under each hemi-diaphragm, from which an estimation of bubble volume was also made. We found statistically significant correlations between both the length of arc (p = 0.005) and volume of gas bubble (p = 0.008) on the right side, with the pain score. Residual gas can be a prominent cause of post-laparoscopy pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07798.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic plasticity of Ammannia spp. in competition with rice (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 37 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The annual broadleaved weeds Ammannia auriculata Wild, and A. coccinea Rottb. are widespread and competitive in California rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. We studied Ammannia spp. biology in a greenhouse pot experiment. Weeds were grown alone and in competition with rice (cv. M–202), and harvested six times over 122 days. Compared with growth alone, competition reduced Ammannia spp. total plant dry weight (DW), shoot DW and leaf area in all but the first harvest. However, weed height differed at only one harvest (85 days after planting). Ammannia spp. responded to competition with increased shoot:root DW ratios, increased stem:other shoot DW ratios, decreased stem diameters, fewer but elongated internodes and fewer branches. This suggests that light capture was more important than nutrient capture for maintaining Ammannia spp. growth. The weeds appear to lodge easily in rice fields because competitive growth responses make them top heavy and unstable. Weed seed DW declined by 97% in competition, which showed the importance of crop interference to Ammannia spp. control. Plasticity may help Ammannia spp. to escape common control practices (e.g. high crop plant densities or early herbicide application), and probably contributes to its widespread distribution. Thus, Ammannia spp. plasticity should be more fully considered when designing management strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1997.tb01820.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of nitrogen on competition between cereals and their natural weed populations (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 36 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and density of natural weed populations in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated in the absence of herbicide. An increased level of applied nitrogen did not enhance: weed germination, tended to decrease the total weed biomass and had a differential effect upon the biomass of individual weed species in both wheat and barky. In competition with barley, Chenopodium album L. and Lamium spp. had lower nitrogen optima than the crop, while Urtica urens L. had a higher nitrogen optimum. In competition with wheat, Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Lamium spp. and Veronica spp. had lower nitrogen optima than the crop. The systematic changes in nitrogen effect with time were analysed by fitting orthogonal polynomials to the growth and density curves. The methodology could be recommended for other studies in which time or other systematic factors are included, as it supplies information which a traditional analysis of variance cannot provide. Since seed production is positively correlated with biomass, so nitrogen level affects seed production and, hence, the seed pool and future weed population, suggesting that fertilizer usage can be exploited in an integrated programme of crop: weed management. A trend towards lower N fertilizer application owing to concerns about the environment willfavour most of the weed species investigated in these experiments and change the composition of weed populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1996.tb01675.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the effects of inhaled magnesium on airway reactivity to histamine and adenosine monophosphate in asthmatic subjects (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Magnesium is a cation with smooth muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory effects and may therefore have a role in the therapy of asthma. Several studies have investigated the effects of intravenous magnesium in acute or stable asthma, but little is known about the effects of inhaled magnesium.Objective To measure the effects of a single inhaled nebulized dose of 180 mg magnesium sulphate on airway reactivity to a direct-acting bronchoconstrictor (histamine) and an indirect-acting bronchoconstrictor (adenosine monophosphate [AMP]) in asthmatic subjects.Objective Two separate randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies, each involving 10 asthmatic subjects. In the histamine study, airway reactivity to histamine was measured and lung function allowed to recover spontaneously over 50 min before administering nebulized magnesium sulphate or saline placebo. Airway reactivity to histamine was then measured at 5 and 50 min. In the AMP study, a single measurement of airway reactivity was made 5 min after magnesium or placebo.Results In the histamine study, the provocative dose required to reduce FEV1 by 20% (PD20FEV1) was significantly lower after magnesium than after placebo, by a mean (95% CI) of 1.02 (0.22–1.82) doubling doses at 5 min (P= 0.018), and 1.0 (0.3–1.7) doubling doses at 50 min (P= 0.01). In the AMP study, PD20FEV1 was also significantly lower at 5 min after magnesium than after saline, by 0.64 (0.12–1.16) doubling doses (P= 0.023), though this difference was not statistically significant after adjustment for differences in baseline FEV1 on the two study days.Conclusions Inhaled magnesium did not protect against the effects of these direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor stimuli in subjects with asthma, and may have increased airway reactivity to histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00743.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photomicrographic atlas of Atlantic herring embryonic development (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The development of the Atlantic herring is related to a staging series intended to provide a standard background for studies of herring embryonic development. The series is based on herring embryos from the Isle of Man (Irish Sea) stock reared at 8°C. The stages are named rather than numbered in order to simplify usage and the series has been sub-divided into five periods: zygote and cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, and organogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01535.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A High-Energy Monochromatic Laue (MonoLaue) X-ray Diffuse Scattering Study of KMnF3 using an Image Plate (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 30 (1997), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The technique of high-energy monochromatic Laue X-ray scattering using image plates to record the diffraction patterns is presented. A tunable wiggler beamline is used as an X-ray source. It is shown that such experimental conditions present many advantages over conventional tube sources and photographic films. A study of diffuse scattering in the perovskite compound KMnF3 is presented to illustrate this in a qualitative way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889896000696
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An X-ray-induced insulator–metal transition in a magnetoresistive manganite (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 813-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The x = 0 and x = 1 end-members of the Pr!_xCaxMnO3 family are insulating antiferromagnets with the manganese ion in the Mn3+ and Mn4+ valence states, respectively10. For intermediate x, the average Mn valence is non-integer and the material is generally semiconducting or metallic at high ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386813a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant Exchange Scattering: Polarization Dependence and Correlation Function (1996)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 236-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The cross section for X-ray resonant exchange scattering is reformulated in terms of linear polarization states perpendicular and parallel to the scattering plane, a basis particularly well suited to synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments. The explicit polarization dependence of the terms is calculated for the electric dipole and quadrupole contributions. This expression, in turn, is rewritten in an orthonormal basis to highlight the dependence of the cross section on each component of the magnetic moment. This has the benefit of providing an empirically useful expression for the cross section. Diffraction patterns from a few simple magnetic structures are calculated. Finally, the correlation function measured at each resonant harmonic is derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767395012670
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